RU215196U1 - INSTRUMENT FOR SAMPLING BIOMATERIAL FROM LABORATORY ANIMALS FOR HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to experimental medical equipment, namely to instruments for dissection and sampling of biological tissues. The body is made of flexible medical metal in the form of a tubular bracket with a cylindrical clamp-runner, and in the upper part of the body there is a slot for a removable blade with external and internal sharpening. The proposed tool allows cutting (changing blades) the required volume for histological studies with the optimal area for complete fixation and preventing the development of autolytic changes. The tool is industrially applicable, easy to manufacture and does not require large expenditures. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to experimental medical equipment, namely to instruments for dissection and sampling of biological tissues.

Tissue sampling for histological studies is carried out using only sharp instruments. However, as experience shows, scalpels, knives, scissors and other tools do not always make it possible to obtain a fragment of material with smooth edges, of a certain size, not subjected to deformation. For the manufacture of scientific preparations, pieces of organs and tissues cut from animals are most often used immediately after slaughter. Most of the instruments are borrowed from surgery, where the main advantage is quality, ease of manufacture and use. With all this, the material of the tool must be solid, resistant to sterilization and not subject to corrosion. For uniform fixation, the tissue sample taken for histological examination should not be thicker than 1-2 cm.

There are several ways of sampling tissue materials using scalpels. The use of a tubular scalpel-punch (Punch-biopsy) allows you to obtain a sample of a given height and diameter in the form of a cylinder. To do this, the punch, installed on the surface of the skin, stretched along the edges, is pressed from top to bottom with rotational movements clockwise or counterclockwise. Then, with a needle, the material is removed, the lower part of which is separated either with scissors or with a sharp blade.

A known method - core biopsy (taking material in the form of a tissue column with a needle like a harpoon and a biopsy gun) allows sampling in vivo for histology with minimal trauma to the animal from deep-lying tissues. The principle of operation of this method lies in the fact that a harpoon, having a groove, part of the needle is fired from a pistol into a given area. Next, its ragged part is fired, the cutting edge of which cuts off a column of tissue in the harpoon.

Known tool for dissecting tissues, consisting of two articulated branches (RU 2187264 C2), which have handles with rings for fingers and working parts; - cutting and element made in the form of a plate with a longitudinal window. At the base of the blade there is a stop, pointed at the front, that limits movement. The beveled edges of the blade sharpening provide additional dissection of tissues. The plate plays the role of Buyalsky's spatula, and the branches and working parts form an obtuse angle between them. The result is a safe, fast, layer-by-layer dissection of the abdominal wall with a single instrument.

Known tool that performs a dual function, clipping with 2 clamps and dissection of tissues with a knife having a drive lever, which are placed between the connected support plates (RU 2351290 C1). Clamp jaws have locking plates. One has a groove with an extension, the other has a hole equal to the groove of the expander. A knife handle with a threaded tip passes through the groove and hole, on which, in turn, a bushing with a return spring is screwed. The sleeve is able to pass through the expansion of the groove and the hole of the fixing plates.

Known tool for dissecting tissues (RU 94003095 A1) consists of 2 branches, hinged, has handles with rings for the fingers of the surgeon and the working part, equipped with a removable - thrust plate with a narrow longitudinal window in the middle and blades fixed by a clamping device.

Known tool for clipping and dissection of tissues (SU 1532003), containing a body with two clamping jaws at one end and jaws at the other. A knife and a pusher are installed in the body, the jaws are made in the form of levers mounted on the body pivotally and parallel to each other. The pusher is made in the form of a rod installed inside the body with the possibility of longitudinal movement and interaction with jaws at one end, and with jaws at the other end through a lever. There is a hook-shaped cutting blade of the knife. On the body itself and the jaws there are grooves for clips.

However, all known tools have a complex design, which makes it difficult to use.

Known scalpel with a handle (SU 724188 A1), which contains a flat handle. There is a holder with longitudinal grooves and a shank, removable with a ledge of the blade. One side of the ledge for ease of use of the scalpel is located longitudinally at an angle to the handle. The second side of the ledge is at an angle to the first side in such a way that the vertex of the formed angle falls on the axis of the handle. To carry out work, the removable blade is put on the handle holder in such a way that the tail of the blade rests on the ledge formed by its edges, which exclude injury to surrounding tissues.

The closest (prototype) are tongs (SU 1731186 A1), consisting of 2 handles, connected by springs, which spread hinged jaws. At the base are rounded hollow cylinders with figured cylindrical recesses. At the intersection of the outer surface of the first cylinder and its recess is the first cutting edge. The second cutting edge is located at the intersection of the second cylinder with the recess. When the jaws are compressed until they come into contact with the stops, the first hollow cylinder enters the cavity of the second cylinder. The cutting edge eliminates the divergence of the branches and helps to hold the bitten tissue.

However, all known surgical instruments are quite difficult to use and require intravital tissue sampling from patients without injury, followed by rapid healing.

The technical solution is to create a tool for tissue sampling after implantation of biomaterials for histological studies to prevent the development of autolytic changes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the body is made of flexible medical metal in the form of a tubular bracket with a cylindrical clamp-runner, and in the upper part of the body there is a slot for a removable blade with external and internal sharpening.

The utility model is illustrated with a detailed description and an isometric illustration, which shows:

fig. 1 - Scheme of an instrument for taking biomaterial from laboratory animals for histological studies: 1 - a body in the form of a tubular bracket; 2 - cylindrical clamp-runner; 3 - replaceable blade with external and internal sharpening; 4 - slot for a replaceable blade;

fig. 2a, b - photo illustration of biomaterial sampling from a Wistar rat;

fig. 3a, b – photo illustration of biomaterial sampling from a DBA2 mouse.

The tool for taking biomaterial from laboratory animals for histological studies is made of flexible medical metal. The body 1 is a tubular bracket, on which a movable cylindrical clamp-runner 2 is put on, and in the upper part of the body 1 there is a slot 4 for a removable blade 3 with external and internal sharpening of 0.5 cm. its lower position leads to the closing of the edges of the blade 3 in the form of a loop.

A tool for taking biomaterial from laboratory animals for histological studies is used as follows.

The tool is taken by the lower part of the body 1, while the movable cylindrical clamp-runner 2 is lowered down the body 1 so that the blade 3 in the form of a loop expands. Blade 3 is firmly placed on the area of the animal's body and pressed - the tissue is cut through, the blade first enters the skin, and then penetrates the tissue to a predetermined depth. With a sharp movement, the loop of the blade 3 is pulled in a horizontal surface and sharply lifted up - the blade 3 in the form of a loop closes, cutting off or cutting off the fabric of the required volume, after which the clamp-runner 2 on the body 1 is transferred to the lower position.

Example 1

In a Wistar rat, a male, weighing 239.7 g, a biomaterial was taken one month after implantation of an implant printed on a 3D printer. The operating field of the rat was carefully freed from hair: first, it was cut with scissors, then a depilator was applied for 3 minutes and carefully treated with 75% alcohol. The tool, with a blade 0.5 cm high adjusted with the help of a slider, was pressed tightly against the selected area of the animal's body and after pressing (immersing the blade into the tissue), it was first passed in a horizontal plane, and then transferred vertically upwards. A separated piece of tissue 1x1 cm in size was placed in Bouin's solution for histological studies on the biocompatibility of the sutured implant (Find. 2 a, b).

Example 2

In a mouse of the DBA2 line, weighing 19.6 g, with leukemia P388 (3 gene) ascites transplanted into the upper part of the thigh, a tumor was taken on the 7th day. The blade was adjusted based on the volume of the pathological node. The animal was euthanized with ether. Carefully processed, in a similar way, the entire surface of the foot. The instrument was applied in such a way as not to damage the node, which must be removed completely along with the surrounding healthy tissue. The pressure was done with an emphasis on the clamp slider. The blade was immersed by 0.5 cm (blade width), passed under the tumor, and then, with a sharp movement, the instrument was moved vertically upwards (Fig.3 a, b). The tumor, together with the surrounding tissue, was placed in Bouin's solution for histological studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the antitumor drug used.

The proposed tool allows cutting (changing blades) the required volume for histological studies with the optimal area for complete fixation and preventing the development of autolytic changes. The tool is industrially applicable, easy to manufacture and does not require large expenditures.

Claims (1)

A tool for taking biomaterial from laboratory animals for histological studies, characterized in that the body is made of flexible medical metal in the form of a tubular bracket with a cylindrical clamp-runner, and in the upper part of the body there is a slot for a removable blade with external and internal sharpening - 0.5 cm.

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