RU2150138C1 - Gas pressure regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine manufacture, specifically, devices regulating pressure of fuel gas in gas internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: special structural implementation of pressure regulator ensures that under all operational conditions except those corresponding to complete opening of throttle valve of engine passage of gas through power regulating conduit is shut. While engine runs under conditions of low load gas is supplied to it through no-load system alone. When engine runs at full-power design of pressure regulator provides for increase of total supply of gas by low-pressure regulator thanks to additional supply of gas through conduit of power regulation which leads to enrichment of combustible mixture ensuring winning of maximum power from engine. EFFECT: increased accuracy and stability in regulation of gas flow under all conditions in the course of long time and provision of optimum supply of gas under various operating conditions of supercharged engine. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, in particular to gas internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a device for controlling the pressure of fuel gas in gas internal combustion engines.

 Known two-stage gas pressure regulator, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet cavities, two serially connected coaxially regulating bodies, two sensing elements, the first cavity of each of which is connected to the output of the corresponding regulatory body, and the second cavity - with the control cavity, the adjustment spring with a screw, as well as a spring-loaded valve and piston installed between the control spring and the second cavity of the second sensing element (see AS USSR N 771629, class G 05 D 16/10, 1980).

 However, the known two-stage gas pressure regulator has a number of significant disadvantages. These disadvantages are that this regulator is not able to provide automatic supply of the required amount of gas at various engine operating modes; in addition, the known regulator is not able to reduce the pressure to close to atmospheric regardless of the gas pressure in the cylinder; and, finally, to ensure the interruption of gas supply during a short stop of the engine, i.e. cannot work as an automatic locking device that disconnects the engine from the gas line during its stop.

 Of the known gas pressure regulators, the closest in technical essence and in the achieved result is a two-stage automatic diaphragm gas pressure regulator containing a housing with cavities of high and low pressure, cavities of the discharge device and atmospheric pressure and a metering economizer with sensitive elements placed in them, loaded balancing springs, and gas pressure regulating devices (see E.V. Klennikov, O.A. Martirov and others. Gas cylinder av omobili: technical operation - M .: Transport, 1986, pp 34-39)...

 However, the known two-stage automatic gas pressure regulators have a number of significant drawbacks. These disadvantages are that the presence of sensitive elements in the form of diaphragms and high and low pressure valves, as well as traction systems and levers makes the design of the gas regulator insufficiently reliable. In addition, from the point of view of design, diaphragms made of rubber and fabric have an unstable characteristic and limited stroke, which does not provide the required accuracy and stability of gas flow control in all modes for a long time. In addition, the known gas pressure regulator is not able to provide optimal gas flow in various modes when the engine is supercharged.

 To increase the reliability and simplify the design of the gas pressure regulator, improve the accuracy and stability of gas flow control in all modes for a long time, as well as ensure optimal gas supply in various modes when the engine is pressurized in a known gas pressure regulator containing a housing with high cavities and low pressures, cavities of the discharge device and atmospheric pressure and the cavity of the metering economizer device with the sensitive element loaded with balancing springs and gas pressure regulating devices, the high-pressure cavity in its upper part is made in the form of a cylindrical bore, inside of which there is a sensing element made in the form of a spool, on the outer cylindrical surface of which an annular undercut with radial channels is made, and axis - the axial channel adjacent to the radial channels, the spool is equipped with a pressure spring and an adjusting screw installed in the cover, the cylindrical bore of its inner the cavity adjoins the internal cavity of high pressure, the podzolotnik space is provided with an opening for communication with charge air, the low-pressure cavity is made in the form of a cylindrical bore with upper and lower covers and with an internal cylindrical partition dividing the internal cavity into two cavities - the upper - the low-pressure cavity and lower, in the septum and in the lower cylindrical cavity, cylindrical bores are made, inside of which there are sensitive elements made in the form of two kinematically interconnected spools and two pistons, one of which is the upper spool, is made in the form of a disk with a rod, equipped with a stop, stops and a rod stem, an annular groove is made on the lower end surface of the spool disk, and channels adjacent to the cylindrical generatrix axial drilling with an inner cylindrical bore in the spool disc and radial holes in the stem is made to the annular groove, along the axis of the disk and the spool rod, and the inner cylindrical bore of the disk with using channels communicated with the lower end surface of the spool disc, the lower spool is made in the form of a sleeve with an axial hole and an inner cylindrical bore in it, communicated using channels with the upper end surface of the spool, the pistons are made in the form of disks with axial holes with which they are installed on the rod in a cylindrical bore in such a way that the lower cylindrical cavity is divided into three cavities in the form of closed cylinders with varying volumes - the upper - vacuum cavity p loading and dosing economizer device, the middle one is the atmospheric pressure cavity and the lower one is the charge air cavity, radial holes are made in the rod shaft and stop, communicated with each other by the axial channel, the lower spool and piston are equipped with springs, an additional low pressure cavity in the wall of the inner cylindrical partition on the one hand, through openings communicated with the inner cylindrical bore of the upper spool, on the other, with the main cavity of low pressure, the upper lid of the cavity low pressure is made in the form of a plate with a rod and with an internal axial channel in it, on the outer cylindrical surface of which there are made radial channels adjacent to the axial channel.

 The drawing schematically shows the device of a gas pressure regulator.

 The gas pressure regulator contains a housing made in the form of two separate buildings 1 and 2 with internal cavities of high 3 and cavities of low pressure - the main 4 and additional 5.

 The cavity of the high pressure regulator in its upper part 3-1 is made in the form of a cylindrical bore 6, inside of which there is a sensing element made in the form of a spool 7, on the outer cylindrical surface of which is made an annular groove 8 with radial channels 9, and the axial channel along the axis 10 adjacent to the radial channels 9. The spool 7 is equipped with a pressure spring 11 and an adjusting screw 12 installed in the cover 13.

 The cylindrical bore 6 with its inner cavity 3-2 is adjacent to the inner cavity of the high pressure 3 and is equipped with a limiter 14 to limit the stroke of the spool 7.

 The nadzolotnikovaya space 15 is provided with a hole 16 for communication with the charge air.

 The low-pressure cavity is made in the form of a cylindrical bore with an upper cover 17 and a lower 18 and with an internal cylindrical partition 19 dividing the internal cavity into two cavities: the upper one is a low-pressure cavity 4 and lower 20. In the partition 19 and in the lower cylindrical cavity 20 of the housing 2 cylindrical bores 21, 22 and 23 are made, inside which sensitive elements are placed, made in the form of two kinematically connected spools and two pistons. The upper spool 24 is made in the form of a disk with a stem 25 provided with a stopper 26, stops 27 and 28 and a rod stem 29. On the lower end surface of the disk of the spool 24 an annular groove 30 is made, to which the inclined channels 31 are adjacent, and along the axis of the spool 24 and the rod 25, axial drilling 32 was performed with the inner cylindrical bore 33 in the spool disk 24 and the radial holes 34 in the stem 25, the inner cylindrical bore 33 in the spool disk 24 via channels 35 communicating with the lower end surface of the spool disk 24.

 The lower spool 36 is made in the form of a sleeve with an axial hole 37 and an inner cylindrical bore 38 communicated via channels 39 with the upper end plane of the spool 36.

 Pistons 40 and 41 are made in the form of disks with axial holes 42 and 43, with which they are installed on the rod 25 and rod stem 29 in a cylindrical bore 23 in such a way that the lower cylindrical cavity 20 is divided into three cavities in the form of closed cylinders with varying volumes: the upper is the vacuum cavity of the discharge and metering economizer device 44, the middle is the atmospheric pressure cavity 45 and the lower is the charge air cavity 46.

 In the rod stem 29 and emphasis 27 there are made radial holes 47 and 48, respectively, communicated with each other by the axial channel 49.

 The lower spool 36 and piston 40 are provided with pressure springs 50 and 51, respectively.

 In the wall of the inner cylindrical partition 19, an additional low-pressure cavity 5 is connected, on the one hand, with openings 52 to the inner cylindrical bore 21 of the upper spool 24, and, on the other hand, through openings 53, with the main low-pressure cavity 4.

 The cover 17 of the low-pressure cavity 4 is made in the form of a plate with a stem 54 and with an internal axial channel 55, on the outer cylindrical surface of which there are made radial channels 56 adjacent to the axial channel 55.

 The main low-pressure cavity 4 and the additional low-pressure cavity 5 are provided with openings 57 and 58 for supplying fuel to a carburetor-mixer (not shown).

 The vacuum cavity of the discharge and metering economizer device 44 through the hole 59, a vacuum tube (not shown) is in communication with the throttling space of the carburetor-mixer (not shown).

 The atmospheric pressure cavity 45 through the radial holes 47 and 48 and the axial channel 49 is constantly in communication with the atmosphere. The cavity 46 through the hole 60 is constantly communicated by a charge air pipe (not shown).

 The rod stem 29 is provided with a spring 61, a thrust washer 62, a stopper 63, an adjusting nipple 64 and a nut 65.

 To supply gas from the gas line of the vehicle to the high-pressure cavity 3, the regulator is equipped with an inlet 66, and an opening 67 is made to supply gas from the high-pressure cavity 3 to the low-pressure cavity 4.

 After installing the upper spool 24 in the bore 21 of the inner cylindrical partition 19 between the lower end surface of the spool disk 24 and the end surface of the partition 19, a closed space 68 is formed, which is constantly in communication with the channels 35.

 The work is as follows. Gas from the gas line of the vehicle through the inlet channel 66, the outer annular groove 8, the radial channels 9 and the axial channel 10 enters the high pressure cavity 3, from where, on the one hand, through the axial channel 55, the radial channels 56, the cylindrical bore 33, the channels 35 enter an enclosed space 68, on the other hand, through an axial channel 55, axial drilling 32, radial holes 34, a cylindrical bore 38, channels 39, an annular groove 30 into inclined channels 31 in which overpressure is created. The nadzolotnik space 15 of the controller through the hole 16, the connecting pipe (not shown) is in communication with the discharge air pipe (not shown). Under the action of excess pressure in the cavity 3 on the spool 7 creates a pressure drop and a force arises. This force tends to move the spool 7 along the axis upward and thereby close the annular recess 8 relative to the inlet 66. When the overpressure in the cavity 3 increases to a certain value, the spool 7 starts to move upward, overcoming the force of the compressible spring 11, and closes the annular recess 8.

 When the pressure in the cavity 3 is reduced to a certain value, the force from the gas pressure on the spool 7 becomes insufficient to hold the annular recess 8 in the closed position. Under the action of the total force from the compression of the spring 11 and the excess air pressure in the nadolotnogo space 15 created by the compressor, the spool 7 moves down, thereby opening the inlet channel 66 by the recess 8. In this case, an additional amount of gas from the gas line enters the cavity 3, as a result of which the pressure in the cavity 3 increases to such a value that there is a force on the spool 7 sufficient to move the spool up and close the annular recess 8. In the high-pressure cavity 3, setting Constant overpressure is maintained, which is maintained at a predetermined level automatically. The pressure has such a value at which under its action the spool 7 moves up and overlaps the annular groove 8.

 The pressure in the high-pressure cavity 3 is set using the adjusting screw 12, which changes the force of the spring 11.

 During the start-up, the vacuum that occurs behind the throttle through the vacuum tube (not shown) and the hole 59 is transferred to the vacuum cavity 44, which simultaneously serves as the vacuum cavity of the metering economizer and the vacuum cavity of the discharge device. Under the action of the rarefaction that occurs in the cavity 44, the piston of the unloading device 40, compressing the conical spring 51, moves upward along the rod 25 against the stopper 26 and unloads the upper spool 24 of the low-pressure cavity from the action of the force generated by the spring 51. As a result of the action of the unloading device only the force created by the spring 61 tends to keep the spool 24 in the closed position. Under the same vacuum generated in the cavity 44, the lower spool 36, overcoming the force of the spring 50, moves along the piece eye 25 down, thereby blocking the radial holes 34 in the rod 25.

 At the same time, through the outlet of the idle system and gas pipelines (not shown), the rarefaction occurring in the throttle space is transmitted through openings 57 and 58 to the main 4 and additional 5 low-pressure cavities of the regulator. At the same time, the force generated on the spool 24 tends to move the spool 24 up and thereby open the inlet openings 52. This force is combined with the force that appears on the spool 24 from the side of the enclosed space 68 from the action of the gas pressure located in the high pressure cavity 3 of the regulator. As a result of the influence of these factors, after the piston 40 of the unloading device is activated, the spool 24 along the rod 54 moves upward and partially opens the inlet openings 52 with its lower edge. This is because the spring 61 is selected in such a way that the force it creates is insufficient to hold the spool 24 in closed position.

 Through the openings 52, gas from the high-pressure cavity 3 along the axial 55 and radial channels 56 in the rod 54 of the bore 33, the channels 55 in the spool disk 24 and the space 68 enters the low-pressure cavities 4 and 5. The required pressure in cavities 4 and 5 is automatically maintained by the spool mechanism.

 If the specified pressure in the cavity 4 is exceeded, the spool 24 moves down and thereby covers the openings 52 until the pressure in the cavities 4 and 5 decreases to the specified value. The pressure in the low-pressure cavities 4 and 5 is controlled by changing the compression force of the spring 61 using the adjusting nipple 64 and the nut 65.

 At all engine operating modes, except for the modes corresponding to the full throttle opening, the gas passage through the channel 31 of the power regulation is closed. This is achieved by the special design of the outlet openings of the inclined channels 31 in the upper spool 24 relative to the inner bore 21, as well as the radial holes 34 in the stem 25 relative to the inner cylindrical bore 38 in the lower spool 36, which are closed in all modes except the full throttle opening due to movement of the spool 36 down under the action of a vacuum that occurs when the engine is in the throttle space and transmitted through a pipeline (not shown) and a hole 59 in vacuum cavity 44.

 When the engine is idling, the annular recess 8 of the spool 7 of the high-pressure cavity 3 and the inlets 52 of the low-pressure cavity 5 are partially ajar. The radial holes 34 of the rod 25 under the action of high vacuum in the cavity 44 are closed by the inner walls of the valve 36. This vacuum occurs in the inlet pipe at idle, which holds the valve 36 in the lower position, in which the radial holes 34 of the rod 25 are completely blocked by the inner surface of the valve 36 .

 As a result of the use of an unloading device in the design of the controller when the engine is idling, as well as at low loads in low pressure cavities 4 and 5, a slight overpressure of about 98-100 Pa is maintained.

 When the engine is operating under low load conditions, gas is supplied to the engine only through the idle system. In this case, the throttle (not shown) is covered. The rarefaction from the throttle space is transferred to the vacuum cavity of the discharge and metering economizer 44. The radial openings 34 are closed by the spool 36 under the influence of rarefaction, and a slight overpressure is created in the low-pressure cavities 4 and 5, since the spool 24 is open under the action of gas pressure in space 68 .

As the engine load increases, the vacuum in the low pressure cavities 4 and 5 continues to increase. At the same time, the pressure of the charge air P _k in the nadzolotnik space 15 and the cavity of the charge air 46 is increased. The increase in vacuum in the cavities 4 and 5 with a simultaneous increase in excess air pressure in the nadzolotnik space 15 and the cavity 46 is accompanied by an increase in pressure drop in the cavities 4 and 45, 4 and 46 and 4 and 68, which leads to additional effort. These forces act respectively on the spool 24. The degree of opening of the inlet openings 52 increases, the gas flow through the openings 52 and 53 increases. In this case, the vacuum in the high-pressure cavity 3 also increases, the pressure drop in the cavity 3 and in the nadzolotnik space 15 increases.

 The resulting force acts on the spool 7, moving it down, as a result of which the degree of opening of the annular groove 8 increases. This in turn leads to an increase in gas flow through the inlet channel 66, the annular groove 8, the radial channels 9 and the axial channel 10.

 With increasing load and, as a consequence, an increase in charge air pressure, the latter is transferred to the nadzolotnik space 15 and the charge air cavity 46, respectively, of the cavities of the high and low pressure reducer. The increase in pressure in the nadzolotnikovy space 15 and the charge air cavity 46 with a simultaneous rarefaction in the low pressure cavities 4 and 5 is accompanied by an increase in pressure differential in the cavities 4 and 45, 4 and 46, 4 and 68 and in the nadzolotnik space 15 and the charge air cavity 46, which leads to additional effort. These forces act respectively on the spool 7 of the high-pressure cavity 3 and the upper spool 24 of the low-pressure cavity 4. The degree of opening of the spools of high and low pressure increases, which leads to a corresponding increase in the flow of fuel gas through these spools. All this in general leads to an increase in gas flow in accordance with increased air flow through the engine.

 A further increase in engine load is associated with an increase in the degree of opening of the inlet channel 66 and the openings 52 of the cavities of the high and low pressure regulator, which leads to an increase in gas supply. The pressure in the low-pressure cavities 4 and 5 as the throttle valve opens and a corresponding increase in vacuum in the diffuser-mixer (not shown) changes from an excess of 100 Pa to a vacuum of about 200 Pa. This causes a gradual depletion of the combustible mixture as the load increases. A further increase in the engine load entails an increase in the charge air pressure and, as a consequence, an increase in the degree of opening of the spools 7 and 24, respectively, of the cavities of high 3 and low pressure 4 due to the movement of the piston 41 in the cylindrical bore 23, which leads to an increase in gas supply in accordance with the increased engine load .

 When the engine is running at full power, i.e. when the throttle valves are fully open, the inlet channel 66 and the inlet openings 52, respectively, of the cavities of the high and low pressure regulator and the check valve of the carburetor-mixer (not shown) are also maximally open. In modes close to the full opening of the throttle, an economizer (not shown) takes effect. In these modes, the vacuum behind the throttle, and therefore in the vacuum cavity 44, becomes insufficient to hold the spool 36 in the lower closed position. Under the action of the force of the spring 50, the spool 36 moves up along the stem 25 and opens the radial holes 34. Through the openings 34, the bore 38, the vertical 39 and the inclined channels 31, an additional portion of gas begins to flow into the cavities 4 and 5 and further to the mixer. The amount of gas in this case is dosed by the calibrated opening of the power adjustment channel 31. The increase in the total gas supply by the low pressure regulator due to the additional gas supply through the channels 31 leads to the enrichment of the combustible mixture, which ensures maximum power from the engine.

Claims (1)

 A gas pressure regulator comprising a housing with cavities of high and low pressure, cavities of a discharge device, a metering economizer and atmospheric pressure with sensing elements placed therein, loaded with balancing springs, and gas pressure regulating devices, characterized in that the high pressure cavity is in its upper part is made in the form of a cylindrical bore, inside which with the formation of the inner cavity of the cylindrical bore is placed a sensing element, and prepared in the form of a spool, on the outer cylindrical surface of which an annular groove is made with radial channels, and along the axis there is an axial channel adjacent to the radial channels, the spool is equipped with a pressure spring and an adjusting screw installed in the cover, the inner cavity of the cylindrical bore is adjacent to the high pressure cavity , the podzolotnik space is equipped with an opening for communication with the discharge air pipe, the low-pressure cavity is made in the form of a cylindrical bore with the upper and lower covers and with an internal cylindrical partition dividing the said cavity into two cavities - the upper, which is the main low-pressure cavity, and the lower cylindrical cavity, cylindrical bores are made in the partition and in the lower cylindrical cavity, inside of which there are sensitive elements made in the form of two kinematically interconnected spools and two pistons, one of which - the upper spool - is made in the form of a disk with a rod, equipped with a limiter, stop and rod stem, n and the lower end surface of the spool disk has an annular groove, and obliquely to the cylindrical generatrix — channels adjacent to the annular groove, axial drilling with an internal cylindrical bore in the spool disk and radial holes in the rod is made along the axis of the spool, and the inner cylindrical bore of the disk using channels communicated with the lower end surface of the spool disc, the lower spool is made in the form of a sleeve with an axial hole and an internal cylindrical bore in it, With the help of channels with the upper end plane of the spool, the pistons are made in the form of disks with axial holes, with the help of which they are mounted on the rod in a cylindrical bore in such a way that the lower cylindrical cavity is divided into three cavities in the form of closed cylinders with varying volumes - the upper, which is the cavity of the discharge and dispensing economizer devices, the middle, which is the cavity of atmospheric pressure, and the lower, which is the cavity of charge air, in the rod stem and stop are made rad the other holes communicated with each other by the axial channel, the lower spool and the piston are equipped with springs, an additional low-pressure cavity is made in the wall of the inner cylindrical partition, on the one hand it communicates with the inner cylindrical bore of the upper spool, and on the other with the main low-pressure cavity, the upper cover of the low-pressure cavity is made in the form of a plate with a rod and with an internal axial channel in it, on the outer cylindrical surface of which there are made radial channels adjacent to the axial channel.