RU214869U1 - ANTI-CURSUS MATTRESS WITH IMPROVED CARRYING COMPONENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model proposes an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved load-bearing component, which is a mattress consisting of a triple layer of natural latex foam. The top layer is made of natural latex foam with a density of 55-70 kilograms per cubic meter. The middle layer is made of natural latex foam with a density of 100-120 kilograms per cubic meter, covered with fabric. This layer contains at least one hole to reduce pressure on the patient's body during use. The bottom layer is made of the highest density natural latex foam from 70 to 100 kilograms per cubic meter and has an opening for the user's buttocks, in which natural latex foam rods are distributed, and additional holes for the heels of the user's feet.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The utility model relates to the field of technology or related materials science relating to an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved load-bearing component.

State of the art

We encounter many bedridden people on a daily basis, such as elderly people with limited mobility or people with disabilities who find it difficult to move around. If these patients spend most of their time on mattresses that do not properly support them, ulcers or bedsores may develop in areas where their bodies come into contact with the mattresses. These ulcers or bedsores develop where force is applied to their body, impairing blood circulation and leading to necrosis of tissue and opening of wounds. Both the medical data and especially the Thai utility model patent application No. 0503000511 “Anti-decubitus mattress made of fabric sewn into a mesh compartment for rubber gloves to introduce water or air” refer to a factor that causes ulcers, and namely, the effect of localized pressure on the body. If the pressure acting on the body exceeds 35 millimeters of mercury in the affected area, then the ability of the blood to nourish that area is reduced. If the pressure exceeds 70 millimeters of mercury and lasts more than two hours, then the body tissues will receive insufficient amounts of nutrients and oxygen. In addition, if the pressure exceeds 80 millimeters of mercury and continues for a long enough time, the tissues will die and turn into a bedsore.

In actual practice, when caring for a bedridden patient, or a patient who is only able to move to a limited extent, it is necessary to turn the patient over to change the position of the patient to relieve the pressurized area of the body and allow blood to flow through the affected area. If the patient is lying on his back, then it must be turned over every two hours; but if the patient is in a sitting position, then the pressure exerted on the body will be higher than in the supine position. In this case, the patient should turn over more often, that is, every half an hour. Helping a patient to turn over takes a lot of time for the staff who come to help the patient, especially since the patient must be turned over during the entire 24 hours of the day. Accordingly, the involved personnel are forced to devote a large amount of their time to this duty.

A search of the currently available papers reveals that there are quite a few patents that are related to mattresses designed to prevent pressure ulcers. These mattresses are divided into two types, namely A) movable soft surface mattresses and B) fixed soft surface mattresses. Moveable mattresses with soft surfaces include the following examples:

Chinese Patent Publication No. CN2070175U "Anti-Decubitus Mattress" describes the use of adjacent circular cylindrical channels inside the mattress, which are alternately inflated and then deflated.

German Patent Publication No. DE4207175A1 "Anti-Decubitus Mattress for Bedridden Patients" describes the use of side by side rectangular air channels which alternately rise and fall.

Chinese Patent Publication No. CN2131385 Y "Air-filled anti-decubitus mattress" describes a mattress with a surface composed of side-by-side air-filled round buttons, which are alternately expelled and then re-inflated.

US Patent Publication No. US5233712A "Pressure Relief Mattress" or Thai Patent Application No. 0501000630 "Decubitus Patient Bed" describes a mattress constructed such that the surface of the bed consists of two sets of successive crossbars. When one set is raised, the other set is lowered by the hydraulic system. The lifting and lowering time intervals can be set between 1 and 30 minutes.

In addition, there is Japanese Patent Publication No. JP2000-189472 "Decubitus Prevention Device" describing the use of bed cushions consisting of a plurality of air bags arranged in a row, which are inflated and then deflated, as a means of supporting the patient's body at various points. Additional patents include U.S. Patent Application No. US5815864 "Microprocessor Controller and Method for Initiating and Controlling Low Air Loss Air Mattress", U.S. Patent No. US4825486 "Decubitus Air Mattress Controller", and Thai Patent Application No. 0801004806 "Decubitus Support Cushion with System control pressure and lowering of the patient's body.

Due to the constant movements of the bed cushion, these systems with adjustable surfaces are only suitable for patients who are unconscious, but not suitable for other patients who need sleep. In cases where the patient already has decubitus ulcers, soft surfaces may contact and press on the wound area, preventing the wound from healing and may even cause the wound to expand. In addition, in the event of a power outage, the entire system stops working, causing an immediate increase in pressure on the patient.

In addition, it would be worth considering some examples of system patents that do not involve the movement of the bed cushion. They rely on the principle of using a soft, compliant material to support the body, thus reducing the amount of pressure felt. Examples include the following patents:

French Patent Publication Number FR2598910A1 "Decubitus Cushion or Mattress" describes a mattress with a layer of gel 1-2 cm thick applied to a flexible foam sheet. In addition, there is mention of US Patent Publication Number US5636395A "Mattress Pillow with Gel-filled Chambers Connected to a Foam Pillow". In addition, there is Chinese Patent Publication No. CN105640152A "Mattress or Mattress Pillow with Gel Section". However, the gel has a limited ability to absorb pressure exerted on the body because it is unable to lower the pressure below 100 milliliters of mercury. Accordingly, this subset of utility models cannot reliably solve the problem of pressure ulcers.

However, Thai Patent Application No. 0101002164 "Anti-Decubitus Mattress" describes a mattress for preventing decubituses containing balloons inside to support the patient's body weight. Similarly, Thai Patent Application No. 0503000511 Anti-Decubitus Mattress refers to the use of rubber gloves to supply water or air to a rectangular mesh compartment to reduce pressure applied to the patient. Both utility models have been rendered unusable due to the indeterminacy of water or air input, which makes it impossible to control the pressure that is applied to the patient. In addition, the material of gloves or balloons is quite thin, which is fraught with leakage or rupture, so they must be constantly maintained.

Based on the foregoing information, it can be concluded that the anti-decubitus mattresses proposed in the previous utility models have disadvantages that make their operation inconvenient or require the use of a large amount of equipment. They usually require the use of electricity, which makes them impossible to use everywhere. In particular, they are not really able to treat the problem of pressure sores because they cannot reduce this pressure to below 100 millimeters of mercury. Thus, the present utility model aims to solve the aforementioned problems by providing an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component made from natural latex foam. Improvements are being made to various places on the mattress to support the user's weight. Regardless of the shape of the patient's body, it must be usable and able to support the user in both the supine and side lying positions.

Utility Model Disclosure

Anti-decubitus mattress with improved load-bearing component consists of three mattresses made of natural latex foam, superimposed on each other. The top layer mattress is made of natural latex foam with a density of 55 to 70 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 2.5 to 6 centimeters. The middle layer mattress is made of natural latex foam with a density of 100 to 120 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 0.4 to 1.5 centimeters, covered with fabric, and has a drilled hole in at least one place to support the body around the neck and shoulders, coccyx and buttocks and/or heels. The openings may be located at any one or more cooperating locations to reduce pressure on the body when using the mattress. As for the bottom layer of the mattress, it is made of natural latex foam with a density of 70 to 100 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 2.5-7.5 centimeters. The buttock support section is either a drilled hole with natural latex foam rods distributed therein, or a buttock hole for the user with natural latex foam rods distributed therein, as well as additional holes for supporting the heels of the legs.

The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a pressure ulcer prevention mattress with an improved support component that is suitable for use whether the patient is lying on their back or on their side. The mattress should reduce the pressure on the patient's body to a safe level. In addition, it should have holes in the middle and bottom layers of the mattress to reduce the pressure on the various organs of the body that come into contact with the mattress when using it, which can help the patient avoid pressure sores when lying down, resting or treating. Neither the manufacture nor the use of the mattress is difficult. Therefore, the mattress is comfortable to use. It is believed that it will become another type of medical device that will help people take care of their personal health effectively anywhere.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a view of an improved support mattress made from three layers of natural latex foam.

Fig. 2 is a view of the top layer of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component.

Fig. 3 is a view of the middle layer of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component.

Fig. 4 is a view of the middle layer of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component.

Fig. 5 is a view of the bottom layer of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component.

Fig. 6 is a view of the bottom layer of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component.

Fig. 7 is a graph of pressure resistance of natural latex foam versus density at 25% compression.

Implementation of the utility model

Fig. 1 anti-decubitus mattress with improved support is suitable for use whether the patient will lie on his back or on his side. It consists essentially of three layers of natural latex foam with a top layer 1, a middle layer 2 and a bottom layer 3, bonded with para-rubber adhesive and has suitable dimensions of approximately 10 x 90 x 200 centimeters. (In general, the density of natural latex foam depends on its modulus of elasticity, as shown in Fig. 7). The details of each mattress layer are as follows:

The top layer 1, as shown in FIG. 2 is made of natural latex foam with a density of 55-70 kilograms per cubic meter, which is lower than other layers, and has a thickness of 2.5-6 centimeters. This layer has the lowest density to make it soft for the user or patient in contact with the mattress. Such topsheet 1 can support the body weight of the patient or wearer at least partially. However, if the body weight of the patient or user is greater, the downward pressure force on this layer is simply transferred downward to the middle layer 2 located between layers 1 and 3 and further to the lower layer 3.

In a preferred embodiment, the top layer 1 has a density of 65 kilograms per cubic meter and a natural latex foam thickness of 5 centimeters.

The middle layer 2, as shown in FIG. 3 and 4 is made of a fabric covering natural latex foam with a density of 100-120 kg/m ³ and a thickness of 0.4-1.5 cm. Since the middle layer 2 has only a small degree of flexibility, its function is to distribute the force generated by the weight of the patient's (or user's) body over the bottom layer 3. In addition, when directly applied to the tissue, it offers considerable resistance, allowing the pressure exerted on the body in this area, rise above the set limit. For this reason, a drill hole 21 is provided at at least one location in order to reduce the amount of pressure applied to the body when using the mattress. This is done to reduce the drag force on the middle layer 2 so that the area surrounding the drill hole can withstand and absorb this force to some extent. Regardless of the fact that the residual force can still be transferred to the lower layer 3.

The middle layer 2 is formed from a polyester fabric covering natural latex foam which is tightly stretched over vulcanized natural latex foam and leveled to the desired thickness. The layer is then sintered and dried. The thickness of natural latex foam is 1.25 centimeters.

In one embodiment, the holes 21 in the middle layer 2 are drilled holes located to support the body around the neck and shoulders 211, coccyx and buttocks 212, or heels 213. The hole can be located in any one location, or more than one hole can co-located in multiple locations.

The bottom layer 3, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6 is formed from natural latex foam with a density of 70-100 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 2.5-7.5 centimeters. The area supporting the buttocks is formed either by a drilled hole 31 with natural latex foam rods distributed therein, or by a hole 31 with natural latex foam rods distributed therein in combination with additional holes 32 for placing the heels of the legs.

The natural latex foam rods have the same function as the spindle which pushes the topsheet 1 into a flat sheet when no weight is applied to the mattress. However, when a weight is applied to the mattress, such as the weight of the patient's buttocks, said natural latex foam rods easily collapse under localized force with little resistance.

In one preferred embodiment, the bottom layer 3 has a density of 75 kilograms per cubic meter and a natural latex foam thickness of 5 centimeters.

In one preferred embodiment, the buttock supporting opening 31 is 2.5 centimeters thick.

In one preferred embodiment, the number of natural latex foam rods is four, they have a density of 65 kilograms per cubic meter and are spaced at least 6 centimeters apart.

The examples to be presented below show an example of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved support component. The present utility model is not limited to referring to any of the examples given, and referring to any of the examples should not be construed as limiting the full scope of the utility model.

Comparative testing of an anti-decubitus mattress with an improved carrier component with other mattresses

In general, four models proposed in the utility model were tested. Each model consisted of three material components, namely, 1) a layer of foam rubber with a density of 65 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 5 centimeters, simply defined as "D65 foam rubber"; 2) a layer of sponge rubber with a density of 100-120 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 1.25 centimeters, covered with a cloth; and 3) a layer of sponge rubber with a density of 75 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 5 centimeters, referred to simply as "D75 sponge rubber". The following are the details of all four models:

Model A mattress: the top layer is D65 sponge rubber, the middle layer is D75 sponge rubber, and the bottom layer is fabric-covered sponge rubber.

Model B mattress: the top layer is made of D65 sponge rubber, the middle layer is cloth-covered sponge rubber, and the bottom layer is D75 sponge rubber.

Model C mattress: the top layer is fabric-covered foam rubber, the middle layer is D65 foam rubber, and the bottom layer is D75 foam rubber.

The advanced support component anti-decubitus mattress of the present utility model is a sandwich structure similar to the model B mattress, namely, D65 foam rubber in the top layer, cloth-covered sponge rubber in the middle layer, and D75 sponge rubber in the bottom layer. However, there is a hole in the middle layer, i.e. the fabric-covered sponge rubber, and the bottom pad, made of D75 sponge rubber, has a reduced section in the area of the patient's buttocks. This design is complemented by four D65 sponge rubber rods.

It's time to do some tests with three test subjects, one of whom has a normal build, the second is just chubby, and the third is clearly overweight. Subjects were required to lie on each of these four mattress models. Measurements of pressure in millimeters of mercury were taken in the area of the back of the shoulders and areas of the buttocks and heels of the patients' legs. Pressures below 60 millimeters of mercury were generally considered fairly low. However, if the pressure ever exceeded 100 mmHg, this was considered a dangerous level and could lead to pressure ulcers. The results of these tests are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Pressure applied to the back of the shoulders, buttocks and heels of subjects with a normal, plump and overweight physique, lying on their backs on four mattress models

Patient No. one 2 3 Weight, kg) 47.8 74.0 98.0 Height (cm) 150 163 160 Body mass index (BMI) 21.2 27.9 38.3 Model A mattress Shoulders 60 78 78 Buttocks 64 117 106 heels <60 80 74 Model B mattress Shoulders 68 70 97 Buttocks 81 102 115 heels <60 67 68 Mattress model C Shoulders 61 <60 109 Buttocks 101 115 116 heels 120 94 145 proposed in this
utility model mattress Shoulders 62 <60 93 Buttocks 68 92 99 heels <60 <60 <60

From the test results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that mattress models A and B are suitable for use by a light weight person. However, two people with a chubby or overweight physique, the pressure force acting on their buttocks in the supine position, when using mattress models A, B and C, exceeded 100 millimeters of mercury. However, with regard to the mattress proposed in this utility model, the optimal values of the acting pressure were observed in subjects of any body type.

At this stage, another test was carried out on the pressure resulting from lying on the back on the mattress proposed in the present utility model, this time based on a total of 22 test cases. By body weight, patients ranged from 42.7 to 98 kilograms, with an average weight of 62.9 kilograms; in height, they ranged from 145 to 163 centimeters with an average height of 154 cm; and for body mass index (BMI), they ranged from 19 to 38.3, with an average BMI of 26.4. The results of this test are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Test results for lying on the back on the mattress proposed in the utility model for 22 subjects

No. Weight, kg) Height (cm) Body mass index (BMI) Shoulders Buttocks heels one 42.7 150 19.0 63 70 <60 2 47.2 150 21.0 <60 70 <60 3 47.8 150 21.2 62 68 <60 four 49.2 152 21.3 64 78 <60 5 54.7 160 21.4 66 83 <60 6 53.3 152 23.1 67 77 <60 7 61.7 163 23.2 77 89 75 eight 57.9 155 24.1 <60 90 <60 9 59.5 156 24.4 69 83 62 ten 63.0 160 24.6 <60 84 81 eleven 55.8 150 24.8 61 72 67 12 57.4 150 25.5 <60 74 <60 13 61.8 155 25.7 <60 69 70 fourteen 58.4 150 26.0 <60 66 66 fifteen 60.1 150 26.7 62 80 <60 16 74.0 163 27.9 <60 92 <60 17 71.0 156 29.2 <60 86 <60 eighteen 65.2 145 31.0 <60 87 <60 19 80.6 160 31.5 80 94 <60 twenty 77.0 150 34.2 84 91 <60 21 88.5 155 36.8 67 92 <60 22 98.0 160 38.3 93 99 70

From the test results obtained in Table 2 above, for hypersthenic and asthenic people, the pressure exerted on all three areas of the shoulders, buttocks and heels was below 100 millimeters of mercury. Thus, it can be noted that the mattress proposed in this utility model is suitable for use by people of any body type, if you lie on your back. However, if the patient's body is particularly large - weighing perhaps as much as 100 kilograms - some adjustment to the mattress may be required. For example, a thicker layer of D75 sponge rubber in the bottom layer may be required. In an alternative embodiment, an additional layer of sponge rubber with a density of 100-110 kilograms per cubic meter and a thickness of 5 centimeters at the very bottom can be used in combination with holes in the middle layer to provide additional support. These approaches may need to be extended as necessary to accommodate mattresses for individual users.

In addition, if the patient needs to alternate between the supine position and the side lying position, the size of the openings in the middle and bottom layers can be adapted accordingly. As shown in FIG. 4 and 6, the holes were enlarged after the patient was turned on his side, and the shoulders and hips lay diagonally relative to his position on his back. Accordingly, it was necessary to adjust the size of the openings in the middle layer 2 natural latex foam sheet and drill holes in the layer 3 natural latex foam sheet.

Table 3. Test results of nine subjects lying alternately on their backs and on their sides on the mattress proposed in the utility model with adjusted sizes of openings in layer 2 natural latex foam sheet and drilled holes in layer 3 natural latex foam sheet in accordance with FIG. 4 and 6.

No. Weight, kg) Height (cm) Body mass index (BMI) Pressure generated in the supine position (mmHg) Pressure generated in the supine position (mmHg) Shoulders Buttocks Shoulders Buttocks one 47.8 150 21.2 63 69 100 88 2 54.7 160 21.4 66 80 137 111 3 55.8 150 24.8 78 86 110 92 four 60.1 150 26.7 67 63 75 119 5 63.0 160 24.6 84 69 90 84 6 65.2 145 31.0 65 72 90 81 7 71.0 156 29.2 72 84 87 115 eight 74.0 163 27.9 51 88 126 91 9 80.6 160 31.5 67 87 93 115

From the test results shown in Table 3 above, it can be seen that in the mattress proposed in the utility model, the dimensions of the opening in the layer 2 natural latex foam sheet were adjusted and holes were drilled in the layer 3 natural latex foam sheet in accordance with FIG. 4 and 6. The (maximum) pressure exerted on the shoulders and buttocks of the patient in the supine position was low and did not exceed 90 millimeters of mercury. The (maximum) pressure exerted on the patient's shoulders and hips in the lateral position was in the range of 75-137 millimeters of mercury (for some people). This number was the maximum value in an area of one square centimeter. The mentioned value decreases in the adjacent area, indicating poor circulation in the mentioned tiny areas. Pressure in adjacent areas, however, is indicative of normal blood circulation. Therefore, the use of the proposed in this utility model mattress does not lead to dangerous levels of pressure on the user.

Any changes in the form of modifications or improvements may be carried out with a clear understanding and may be carried out by those who have scientific qualifications in this field. Thus, everything said so far falls within the scope and spirit of the present utility model, as also shown in the appended claims of the utility model.

The best way to implement the utility model

The best way to implement the utility model is mentioned in the detailed description of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. Anti-decubitus mattress with a bearing component of a triple layer of natural latex foam, in which the top layer (1) is made of natural latex foam with a density of 55-70 kilograms per cubic meter; the middle layer (2) is formed from cloth-covered natural latex foam with a density of 100-120 kilograms per cubic meter and has a drilled hole (21) to reduce the amount of pressure applied to the patient's body during use; and the lower layer (3) is made of natural latex foam with a density of 70-100 kilograms per cubic meter, while the layers are interconnected with para-rubber glue. 2. The load-bearing anti-decubitus mattress according to claim 1, wherein the middle layer (2) is formed from a natural latex foam covered with a polyester fabric that is tightly stretched over the vulcanized natural latex foam and leveled to the desired thickness, the layer is then sintered and dried up. 3. The supportive anti-decubitus mattress according to claim 1, wherein the middle layer (2) is formed with drilled holes (21) to support the body around the neck and shoulders (211), the coccyx and buttocks (212) or the heels of the feet (213), in this case, the hole can be located anywhere, or more than one joint hole can be made in several places. 4. An anti-decubitus mattress with a support component according to claim 1, in which the lower layer (3) at the place where it supports the buttocks is formed either with a drilled hole (31) and natural latex foam rods distributed in it, or with a drilled hole ( 31) and natural latex foam rods distributed in it, together with holes (32) for supporting the heels of the feet. 5. The supportive anti-decubitus mattress according to claim 4, wherein the corresponding number of natural latex foam cores is defined as four, each having a density of 65 kilograms per cubic meter. 6. An anti-decubitus mattress with a load-bearing component according to claim 4, in which the appropriate distribution of natural latex foam rods is determined with intervals between individual rods of at least 6 centimeters. 7. Anti-decubitus mattress with a carrier component according to claim 1, in which the top layer (1) is formed from natural latex foam having a thickness of 2.5-6.0 centimeters. 8. Anti-decubitus mattress with a carrier component according to claim 1, in which the middle layer (2) is formed from natural latex foam having a thickness of 0.4-1.5 centimeters. 9. Anti-decubitus mattress with a carrier component according to claim 1, in which the bottom layer (3) is formed from natural latex foam having a thickness of 2.5-7.5 centimeters. 10. An anti-decubitus mattress with a support component according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer (3) in the area where the holes (31) for supporting the buttocks are located is 2.5 centimeters.

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