RU2147367C1 - Sniper's bullet for small arms cartridges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition. SUBSTANCE: bullet has an envelope accommodating a lead jacket and a sharp-pointed slug, the slug mass coefficient makes up at least 0.35, the jacket mass coefficient does not exceed 0.4 of the bullet mass, and at least 30% of the jacked mass is placed behind the slug in the bullet tail section. EFFECT: enhanced injurious effect on manpower in armored jackets and light armored vehicles; enhanced close grouping of shots. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of small arms, and in particular to bullets that have increased penetration with high accuracy in fire and designed to fire single shots when firing at open manpower, which is behind light shelter and equipped with individual armor, as well as unarmored and lightly armored objects of military equipment .

 Known bullet increased penetration to 7.62 mm rifle cartridge (index 7H13, drawings N 4-28478, the holder of the original documents - W / H 64176, the design was developed in 1993 and approved by Decision H / W 64176-E NA 116-93 in 1993 year). This bullet contains a shell, core, and a tubular lead shirt. The mass coefficient of the shirt is 0.17 of the mass of the bullet. The core has a pointed head part and a cylindrical part, which ends in the form of a truncated cone with the tail part. The mass coefficient of the core is 0.56 of the mass of the bullet. The core is located in the inner cavity of the membrane and does not touch it. Between the shell of the bullet and the core is a lead shirt without going beyond the tail of the core. The bullet has a high breakdown effect due to the significant mass of the core, and therefore, large kinetic energy, which is essential for the damaging effect, but cannot be used as a sniper because of the mismatch with the requirements for accuracy of fire.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed pool (prototype) is a bullet for small arms cartridges, known from the source RU 2064159 C1, F 42 B 30/02, 20.07.96. Known bullet contains a shell with a lead shirt and a core placed therein.

 In general, the bullet, having high rates of accuracy of fire, does not meet modern requirements for penetrative action and the method of hitting only manpower, not protected by protective equipment.

It is known that the breakdown effect on solid obstacles is carried out by the core of the bullet. The kinetic energy of the core when meeting an obstacle is essential for the damaging effect and is completely dependent on the mass of the core. The second, no less important factor is the shape of the head of the core. Experience shows that with the defeat of solid obstacles, energy is spent on:
1) the collapse of the head of the pool shell (the greater the void distance, the more energy is consumed);
2) destruction (puncture) of the bullet shell;
3) passing the barrier;
4) forbidden (useful) action.

 The less energy is spent on the first three of the above factors, the greater the backward (useful) action. By tests it was found that in cores with a blunted head part up to 20% of the bullet energy is spent on the destruction of the shell, and this sharply reduces the efficiency of the bullet during penetration. The core with a pointed head part destroys the shell with less energy and, therefore, increases the breakdown effect of the bullet.

 As for the accuracy of firing, theory and practice show that bullets with a lead core and bullets with a much larger mass than a core have a higher performance. The effect is achieved due to a denser filling of the internal volume of the shell (lead has good fluidity) and, therefore, a symmetrical arrangement of the mass of elements located in the bullet shell relative to the axis of rotation of the bullet. If in the pool the mass of the core exceeds the mass of the shirt, then achieving a symmetric mass distribution inside the shell is more problematic. Firstly, due to the presence of deviations in the diameter of the cylindrical part of the cores, and secondly, the axis of symmetry of the core, as a rule, is not straightforward (especially for cores with a pointed head part).

 From the foregoing, it is obvious that the known bullets do not fully meet the totality of modern requirements for small arms sniper cartridges.

 The problem to which this invention is directed is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, namely, increasing the effectiveness of manpower destruction equipped with individual armor protection, destroying unarmored and lightly armored vehicles with high accuracy indicators when firing single shots.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the pool containing the shell, the steel pointed core and the lead shirt, the following optimal combinations of the masses of the elements are selected: the mass coefficient of the core is at least 0.35, and the mass coefficient of the shirt is not more than 0.4 from the mass of the bullet, at least 30% of the shirt’s mass is placed behind the core in the tail of the bullet.

 With this combination of masses of elements, an increase in the damaging effect is achieved by increasing the mass of the core by at least 40% compared with the well-known bullet of a sniper cartridge selected as a prototype. Correspondingly, the kinetic energy of the core increases upon 40% when it encounters an obstacle. In addition, the pointed tip consumes less energy to rupture the bullet shell. The combination of only these two factors allows to increase the breakdown effect of bullets by at least 1.5 times.

The above combination of elements also contributes to obtaining high rates of accuracy. After the bullet leaves the barrel, air resistance forces act on it, and during the rotational movement of the bullet its axis at each moment is at a certain angle to the tangent path. The value of the angle has a significant effect on the amount of accuracy and depends on:
- from the distance between the points of application of the air resistance forces and the center of mass;
- from the coincidence of the theoretical and real axis of symmetry of the bullet.

 The location of the points of application of the air resistance forces and the center of mass, as well as the coincidence of the theoretical and real axis of symmetry, determine the angle to the tangent path, and, consequently, the value of the bullet tipping moment in flight.

 In the proposed design of the bullet, the alignment of the axes of symmetry is achieved due to the head part of the core, the main part of which has a configuration identical to the configuration of the inner surface of the shell, which allows the centering of the core relative to the shell when assembling the bullet and thus aligning their axis of symmetry. And the convergence of the centers of mass and air resistance forces is achieved due to the location of the lead jacket and is regulated by the mass of lead located behind the core in the tail of the bullet.

 Thus, the experimentally determined combination of masses of elements of a sniper bullet can significantly increase its damaging effect at high rates of fire accuracy.

 The drawing shows the proposed bullet (longitudinal section).

 The bullet contains a shell 1, a core 2 and a lead shirt 3.

 The proposed design of a sniper bullet for small arms is simple in design, technologically advanced to manufacture, allows without significant additional costs to increase the effectiveness of the damaging effects of manpower in body armor, to destroy lightly armored vehicles and manpower in it.

 Barnaul Machine-Tool Plant Joint-Stock Company has developed draft drawings for the cartridge with the proposed bullet. Research and experimental tests have been conducted.

Claims (1)

 A sniper bullet of small arms cartridges containing a shell with a lead shirt and a core placed in it, characterized in that the core is pointed and the core has a mass coefficient of at least 0.35, a shirt mass coefficient of not more than 0.4 from the bullet weight, and not less than 30% of the weight of the shirt is placed behind the core in the tail of the bullet.