RU2145577C1 - Apparatus for removal of iron, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other gases from water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treating equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has working chamber, filter, discharge pipeline, and basic water supply pipeline. Working chamber has stream splitter with branch pipe and gate, which are positioned on basic water supply pipeline, lower perforated bottom, nozzle head made in the form of rings arranged on perforated bottom, two branch pipes extending into working chamber from below perforated bottom. One branch pipe is connected to input ventilation system. Other branch pipe is adapted for natural ventilation mode of operation and provided with rotary plug, with bolt serving axis of rotation of plug. Hydraulic gate of working chamber is made in the form of curved cut of pipe fixed on discharge pipeline. Working chamber is further provided with upper distributing pan and restricting ring extending along perimeter of pan. Construction of apparatus allows it to be readily built in operating water cleaning station. EFFECT: simplified compact construction, increased efficiency and provision for obtaining high-quality water. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to installations for the purification of drinking water from iron and gases dissolved in it - hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and others.

 Known installations for the oxidation of bivalent iron-contact cooling towers, which are a structure in which the side walls of the working part have shutters to provide natural ventilation. Inside the working part, hole bottoms are located in several tiers, on which the nozzle is located. Source water is supplied to the upper part of the installation through openings in the pipe, due to which the water is divided into separate streams. Air passing through the blinds meets jets of water, saturating them with oxygen, and the main goal is achieved - ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric. The process continues as water passes through the tiers with the nozzle in the form of separate granules / gravel, slag /, since the granules of the nozzle continue the process of crushing water jets into even smaller jets, which additionally saturates the water with oxygen. At the same time, the effect of iron oxidation is enhanced by the movement of water and air flows towards each other, since water is also saturated with oxygen to oxidize the iron contained in it (see N.N. Abramov, Water Supply, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1982, p. . 330).

 Known installations for water purification from iron type spray pool (see A. A. Kastalsky, D.M. Mints, Preparation of water for drinking and industrial water supply, Moscow, Higher School, 1962, p. 504,474).

 At the upper points of the vertical walls of the working part there are blinds for natural ventilation. Source water is supplied to the zone of the working part of the installation through a pipeline on which nozzles for spraying water are located, directing water jets vertically upwards. The separate streams of water formed break up into droplets and, rising to the upper part of the installation, meet the air flows entering the installation through the blinds. In this case, ferrous iron passes into ferric.

The described designs have the following disadvantages:
- Installations can only work in natural ventilation mode;
- the geometric shape and design of the installations does not create good aerodynamic conditions for intensive movement of the air flow towards the water flow;
- in the first installation / 1 / - difficult access to all tiers of the nozzle;
- the difficulty of not only accessing the nozzle in the installation / 1 /, but also the difficulty of unloading the nozzle material for its necessary periodic unloading from the installation in order to flush from the iron deposited on the nozzle, especially in the lower tiers;
- upon clogging with iron oxides of the spray holes, the efficiency of the installation decreases sharply, since in the installation / 1 / when several holes stop functioning, part of the boot material area is turned off from work, and in the second known installation / 2 / when the holes of the spray guns become clogged, it practically shuts down part of the installation;
the described plants are large and therefore there are difficulties in placing them inside water treatment buildings, and outdoor placement in winter leads to operational difficulties, while placing the plants inside the building often complicates the whole technological scheme of linking the unit to all further technological links of cleaning - filters, so how, due to the large dimensions of the installations, the construction of a special separate building for them is required;
- the installation / 2 / is ineffective even compared to the installation / 1 /, since it does not have a packed material, which means that it has only one stage of iron oxidation - when sprayed onto the jet;
- the installation / 1 / uses an ineffective nozzle of a geometrically irregular shape, which not only does not provide good conditions for air to pass through the load itself, since the nozzle lies in a dense layer, but such a nozzle does not further crush the jets into separate drops, since water only flows around granules of the nozzle, without hitting the face of the nozzle material, and therefore not crushing.

 The most effective and closest in technical essence device is a fan cooling tower (prototype). The fan cooling tower is a structure, the working part of which is filled with a nozzle located above the hole bottom. The source water is supplied through a pipe to the distribution board, then to the upper distribution partition, where the distribution nozzles are located. The water flow moves from top to bottom through the nozzle, and towards it moves the air flow supplied by the fan under the lower distribution bottom and, after passing through the entire installation, the air enters the upper pipe outside its limits (see L.A. Kulsky and other Properties Guide, methods of analysis and water purification, Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1980, S. 966-967).

The fan cooling tower has the following disadvantages:
- the installation works only in artificial ventilation mode;
- access to the inside of the installation is difficult for cleaning, revising and unloading the nozzle, since the top and bottom bottoms that are hermetically fixed to the vertical walls of the installation are located below and above;
- the large geometric dimensions of the installation, its non-compactness make it difficult to place it inside the filter building - the further technological unit of cleaning, which leads to the need to build additional facilities of considerable size especially for the placement of fan cooling towers, which is reflected in the prototype on page 503, Fig. XVII, where The plan and section of a typical deferrization installation are given. This drawing shows that a special room is attached to the filter building to accommodate the fan cooling tower. Moreover, it is impossible to integrate such installations into existing filtration stations, when this becomes necessary when the concentration of iron increases in the source water, which often happens in practice, since as the drilling of new wells for the extraction of source water, the iron content may turn out to be large, and iron concentrations may increase over time in long-running wells. In this regard, it becomes necessary to introduce a type of fan cooling tower into the technological scheme of a water treatment station, and it is impossible to introduce a unit of similar dimensions and design into an existing filtration station;
- designing a fan cooling tower in the form of one large installation, and not in the form of several small-sized installations, and with easy access to the nozzle, does not make it possible to freely turn off the fan cooling tower without affecting the operation of the station for the periodic cleaning and unloading of the nozzle, which in turn, it complicates the operation of the station, and it makes it impossible to use modern promising cleaning effects and durable nozzles from Rashig rings, especially at high iron concentrations in water alone. All this in turn leads to a decrease in the cleaning effect and to the need to use short-lived primitive nozzles made of wood;
- unsuccessful geometric shape of the installation, developed without taking into account the creation of optimal high speeds of air flow along the working part of the installation, since the speeds depend on the shape and size of the structure according to the laws of aerodynamics, and therefore the large area of the installation and relatively small compared to the area its height, as well as the lack of communication between the unit and the building’s natural exhaust ventilation system, all this does not allow the conversion of the cooling tower to operate in natural mode ventilation, which is often necessary in operation to save electricity when working without fans.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of a small-sized efficient installation, easily integrated into existing water treatment plants, the creation of installations that are easily alternately switched off from the operation of the entire technological scheme without prejudice to the effect of water treatment on nozzle cleaning and other preventive work, flexibly changing their technological mode of operation due to constructive features that also provide ease of dismantling for easy access to the download, which in turn allows the use of Call most durable and efficient fine mesh packing of Raschig rings with no restrictions on the concentration of iron in the source water.

 This goal is achieved in that the installation for water purification from iron, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other gases, containing a working chamber, including a lower hole bottom, supporting a nozzle, an upper tray for distributing the flow of water with a restrictive ring around the perimeter, a jet divider on the source water pipeline moreover, the installation has two nozzles entering the working chamber under the bottom hole bottom, one of the nozzles providing operation of the installation in artificial ventilation mode, the other nozzle in the p natural ventilation unit and has a rotary plug; at the same time, a valve is provided on the source water pipe, and a water seal in the form of a curved pipe section on the outlet pipe, and the installation has detachable flange connections and a free opening on the top of the working chamber and flange connections on the top cover and on the source water pipeline for dismantling the top cover and the portion of the source water pipeline in order to provide free access to the nozzle loading, and the top cover of the installation is connected to ron pipe through a flexible hose building exhaust ventilation system to provide maximum air flow velocity inside the unit.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the installation; in FIG. 2 is a section along I-I in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section along II-II in FIG. 1.

 An apparatus for purifying water from iron, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other dissolved gases is shown in FIG. 1 and sections I-I and II-II.

Installation includes:
1 - pipeline supply of source water to the installation;
2 - water seal;
3 - a pipe for supplying air from the fan for operation of the installation in artificial ventilation mode;
4 - pipe for air supply during operation of the installation in natural ventilation mode;
5 - working chamber;
6 - upper distribution hole pan;
7 - a restrictive ring of the upper distribution hole pan;
8 - rotary plug;
9 - a flange;
10 - a bolt;
11 - lower hole bottom;
12 - loading nozzle rings Rashig;
13 - adjusting valve on the pipeline supplying source water to the installation;
14 - top cover of the installation;
15 - flange connection of the pipe ventilation;
16-16 '- air ducts connecting the top cover of the unit with the building's natural ventilation system;
17.17 '- supports in the form of plates supporting the upper distribution pan and lower hole bottom;
18 - holes in the upper distribution hole pan and lower hole bottom;
19 is a pipeline that discharges water from the installation;
20 - the lower part of the installation for collecting treated water;
21 - flange connections of the upper cover of the installation;
22 - flexible insert;
23 - jet divider;
24 - fan;
25 - flange connection on the source water pipeline;
26 - flange connection on the upper part of the working chamber of the installation;
27-29 - a free opening on the upper part of the working chamber of the installation;
28 - bolts for connecting flanges 26;
30 - a section of the source water pipe inside the working chamber and when exiting it;
31 - oblique sections of the end of the pipeline at an angle of 45 ^o to the vertical plane on the ventilation pipes 3 and 4.

Installation works as follows:
The most important link in the process of water iron removal is the technological element, due to which water is saturated with oxygen as much as possible, as a result of which the ferrous iron in the water is oxidized to ferric. It is for this purpose that our invention serves. This stage of iron oxidation is necessary in order to retain ferric iron on subsequent technological units of cleaning - filters, since ferrous iron cannot be removed from the water on the filters. In addition, due to the fact that the basic principle of the installation is based on splitting water jets into tiny drops and moving towards each other at high speeds of two flows - water and air, not only iron oxidation occurs in the installation, but also blowing and, therefore removal from water of all dissolved gases contained in it, thereby improving the quality of water. It should be noted that removal of hydrogen sulfide gas from water also allows to increase the service life of steel pipelines through which water is transported, since it is known that hydrogen sulfide contained in water significantly enhances corrosion of pipelines. In addition, the present invention allows to increase the pH of the water, which accelerates the oxidation of iron.

 The source water is supplied through the pipeline 1 and enters the divider 23, having openings 29, due to which it is split into separate jets, and then onto the distribution hole pan 6, having openings 18, with a diameter of 25-30 mm, the distance between the centers of the openings is 100 mm. The perforated distribution pan serves to evenly distribute water throughout the installation area. The restriction ring 7 around the entire perimeter of the distribution tray 6 is designed to prevent the passage of water flow along the walls of the installation, bypassing the workload of the rings Rashig 12. The distribution tray 6 is based on the supports 17.

 Further, after passing through the distribution tray 6, the water, evenly distributed over the entire installation area, passes through the loading layer with the nozzle from the Rashig rings 12. The role of the nozzle 12 is to split the incoming stream of the source water into even smaller drops, due to which the water is saturated with oxygen, since towards the smallest drops of water moves at high speed air flow, resulting in the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric, as well as the removal of gases dissolved in water. When carbon dioxide is removed, the pH of the water rises, which increases the rate of oxidation of iron. Further, oxidized iron is easily removed from the water using filters.

 In the lower part of the installation is located the lower hole bottom 11, which is similar to the upper distribution pan 6 supported by supports 17 '. The lower hole distribution bottom supports the loading of the nozzle from the Rashig rings, and also evenly distributes the air flow over the entire area of the installation, which rushes towards the water flow from the lower part of the installation 20, where it enters with the help of ventilation pipes 3 and 4. The pipes 3 and 4 are located in vertical walls of the lower part of the installation 20 immediately below the bottom hole bottom 11. Thus, the air that enters through the nozzles 3 and 4, moves in the direction from the bottom up towards the direction of movement n water outflow. The nozzles 3 and 4 inside the installation have a medium in the plane 31 to prevent water droplets from entering the air nozzles. Features of sections 3 and 4 are that pipe 4 is designed to naturally saturate water with air without a supply fan, and pipe 3 allows the unit to operate in artificial ventilation mode - by supplying air from a supply fan 24 to pipe 3. When the unit is in operation of artificial ventilation, the plug 8 on the flange 9 is closed and air is supplied to the unit from the supply fan 24 through the nozzle 3. When the unit is operating in natural ventilation on the nozzle 4, the plug 8 opens i. Opening the plug 8 is very easy without wrenches by turning the plug 8 relative to the flange around the axis of the bolt 10, and the bolt 10 also serves as a mount for the plug 8.

 Purified water, having passed the installation, is collected in its lower part 20, which serves as a kind of collection device for individual streams of water. Next, the water enters the discharge pipe 19 to further cleaning links - filters.

 To prevent air leaks that are possible through the exhaust pipe 19, a water trap 2 is provided in this pipeline in the form of a bend in the pipe in which water will constantly be located, preventing air leakage.

In the upper part of the installation is a removable conical cap 14, which is attached to the flanges 15 and serves for two purposes:
- preventing water splashing, bypassing the installation;
- to create optimal conditions for air movement, since the connection of the installation through the cap 14 and the air ducts 16 and 16 'with the natural exhaust ventilation system of the building allows to increase the air speed inside the installation due to the pressure difference inside the installation and outside the building at the outlet of the air duct from the room .

 The duct connection of the installation 16 with the duct of the building 16 'is carried out using a flexible stand 22 and flanges 21, which provides easy removal of the cap 14 to provide access to the load from the Raschig rings 12. Ensuring ease of dismantling the cap 14, as well as the pipe section 30 is especially important for operation such installations, since loading the nozzle requires periodic unloading and washing, especially at high concentrations of iron in the source water. The dismantling of the pipe 30 is carried out after removal of the cap 14, which is connected to the installation housing using detachable flanges 15. For the dismantling of the pipe 30, detachable flanges 25 and 26 are provided, as well as a free opening 27 and 29, shown both in the installation figure and in section II-II. The opening 29 is released after removing the top cover 14. To seal the working part of the installation, the opening 27 and 29 can be closed with a paronite gasket.

 The valve 13 on the feed water supply pipe to the installation serves to control the flow of water to the installation, since, in our opinion, several, moreover, small dimensions should be designed so that they fit comfortably into the technological scheme and dimensions of the water treatment buildings, for which the optimal installation dimensions - diameter 1.0-1.5 m, height 1.8-2.0 m. Such geometric dimensions also allow you to create optimal conditions for intensive movement of the air flow inside the unit, which is especially important for the described processes: oxidation of ferrous iron and blowing of dissolved gases.

Claims (3)

 1. Installation for water purification from iron, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other gases, containing a working chamber with a lid, a lower hole bottom, on which the nozzle is located, and an upper distribution tray with holes, an artificial ventilation system, a source water supply pipe, outlet pipeline and filter, characterized in that the working chamber is equipped with a jet divider with a nozzle and a valve installed on the pipeline for supplying source water, two nozzles entering the working chamber under the lower with a hole bottom, one of which is connected to the supply ventilation system, and the other, designed for operation in natural ventilation mode, has a rotary plug with an axis of rotation in the form of a bolt, and a water seal in the form of a bent pipe section mounted on the outlet pipe, while the upper the distribution pan is made with a restrictive ring around the perimeter and the nozzle is made of Raschig rings.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it has detachable connections for dismantling the upper cover, upper distribution tray and jet divider.  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber lid is connected to the exhaust ventilation system of the building by means of a pipe.

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