RU2144142C1 - Internal combustion engine with rocking piston - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; diesel engines. SUBSTANCE: proposed internal combustion engine has housing with two combustion chambers furnished with covers with stiffening ribs. Hollow shaft installed in center of housing is secured on bearing mounted in centers of covers and in crankcase wall. Two rectangular pistons are rigidly secured on hollow shaft opposite to each other. Labyrinth seal is installed over piston perimeter. Combustion chambers are two-sided as they are provided with intake and exhaust valves and nozzle arranged between valves at both sides. Timing shafts set into rotation by gear mounted on crank-shaft are arranged in spaces between covers, housing and combustion chambers. Lever with connecting rod coupled with crankshaft is secured on shaft through splined joint. Splines are made inside hollow shaft for butt-joining the modules. Two combustion chambers of proposed engine correspond to four-cylinder engine. EFFECT: reduced number of moving parts and their mass, 2,5-time reduction of mass and capacity of engine, reduced friction and power losses for movement of parts, prevention of cylinder wear, simplified design. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, in particular to diesel internal combustion engines.

 Known internal combustion engine with oscillating pistons located on two shafts, the pistons go towards each other and swing in opposite directions (application Germany N 3900375, CL F 02 B 57/00, publ. 09/27/89). However, the presence of two shafts greatly complicates the design.

 Known internal combustion engine with a swinging piston, comprising a housing with an annular chamber, a piston with a shaft with a system of mechanical and radial seals, oscillating in the annular chamber, and a mechanism for converting oscillatory motion into rotational (RF patent N 2079680, class F 02 B 53 / 00, publ. BI N 14, 1997). The disadvantages of this engine include the structural complexity of the mechanism for converting oscillatory motion into rotational, which leads to a high probability of malfunctions and breakdowns, and the presence of only one piston reduces engine power.

 The closest in number of essential features and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a two-stroke internal combustion engine with a swinging piston, comprising a housing with an annular combustion chamber, a piston with a shaft with a seal oscillating in the chamber, a lever mounted on the shaft and connected via a connecting rod with crankshaft (German patent N 3811760, class F 02 B 53/00, F 01 C 9/00, publ. 01.06.89).

 The disadvantage of this invention is that the piston occupies a significant part of the volume of the combustion chamber of the engine and does not allow the second piston to be placed. In addition, the piston swings at an angle of more than 90 degrees, which leads to significant losses in the transmission of forces to the crankshaft due to the decomposition of forces into components.

 The problem solved by the invention is to simplify the design, reduce the size and weight of the engine and at the same time increase its efficiency.

 The problem is solved in that in the known internal combustion engine with a swinging piston comprising a housing with an annular chamber, a piston with a shaft with a seal oscillating in the annular chamber, a lever mounted on the shaft and connected through a connecting rod to the crankshaft, according to the invention, the engine additionally equipped with a second piston, while the pistons are made in the form of two opposed prisms mounted on a shaft, and the combustion chambers are equipped with nozzles, intake and exhaust valves on both sides.

 The seals between the pistons and the shaft are labyrinthine. The use of the labyrinth seal leads to the absence of friction between the pistons and the walls of the engine housing. Compared to conventional engines, there is no need to lubricate the pistons, the oil will not burn in the cylinders, its consumption and the amount of toxic gases emitted will decrease. The lubrication system will be greatly simplified and the amount of oil in the crankcase will also be reduced several times.

 Slots are made inside the shaft on the opposite side of the lever. The execution of the slots allows you to dock two engine modules together, while the second module must be taken without a crankcase and a lever.

 In an internal combustion engine, the length of the connecting rod is equal to the two radii of the lever. With this ratio of the length of the connecting rod and the radius of the lever provides the transmission of the piston to the crankshaft with less loss.

 In FIG. 1 presents a diagram of the inventive internal combustion engine; in FIG. 2 - section of the engine along the axis; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the transmission of force from a piston to a crankshaft in the inventive engine.

 The internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 with combustion chambers 2 provided with covers 3 with stiffeners 4. A hollow shaft 5 is mounted in the center of the housing 1, mounted on bearings 6 located in the centers of the covers 3 and in the wall of the crankcase 7. On the hollow shaft 5, it is rigidly opposed two rectangular pistons 8 are fixed. Along the perimeter, the pistons 8 are sealed with a labyrinth 9. Between the housing 1, the covers 3 and the shaft 5 there are two combustion chambers 2. The combustion chambers 2 are two-sided, as they are equipped with intake valves 10, exhaust and nozzles located between the valves on both sides (exhaust valves and nozzles in Fig. not indicated). In the cavities between the covers 3, the housing 1 and the combustion chambers 2, gas distribution rollers 11 are placed, receiving rotation from the gear 12 sitting on the crankshaft 13. A lever 15 with a connecting rod 16 connected to the crankshaft 13 is fixed to the shaft 5 through a splined connection 14. docking modules inside the hollow shaft 5 made slots 17.

 The working process in the engine proceeds in the following order.

 Pistons 8 with a shaft 5 oscillate at an angle of 60 degrees from the left dead center to the right and back. The shaft 5 is rotated on bearings 6, which are installed in the centers of the covers 3 and in the wall of the crankcase 7, the lever 15, mounted on the shaft 5 through a spline connection 14, is also rotated by an angle of 60 degrees. The movement of the lever 15 through the connecting rod 16 is transmitted to the crankshaft 13. When the lower piston 8 is turned to the right, the combustion chamber 2 receives air from the left side through the inlet valve 10, while the piston 8 moves backward, the air is compressed, and at that moment atomized fuel is fed through the nozzle, the left side of the combustion chamber begins a stroke, respectively, through the lever 15 and the connecting rod 16, the movement is transmitted to the crankshaft 13. In the right half of the lower combustion chamber 2, air is released at this moment, and in the right half of the upper combustion chamber 2 will be Ia compression cycle. Fuel is injected into the left half of the upper combustion chamber 2 and a working stroke begins in it. The lever reciprocates at an angle of 60 degrees from point a to point e. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the transmission of force from the piston (lever) to the crankshaft. In the direct course, when the lever passes the point "b" - the transfer of force will be almost without decomposition into components. With the reverse stroke, a similar pattern is observed at point "f". With a forward stroke, the transfer of force will be more profitable to point "c", with a reverse stroke to point "q". Points "c" and "q" coincide. This is due to the fact that the piston and lever describe an arc during movement. The best result will be obtained with a connecting rod length equal to two lever radii. At point "c" the power transmission will be like that of a conventional engine.

 The inventive internal combustion engine is structurally very simple, has two pistons, therefore, exceeds the power of the prototype.

 In the proposed design, two combustion chambers correspond to a four-cylinder engine. Instead of four pistons, only two. Instead of four connecting rods, only one is needed. And the crankshaft with just one crank pin. Thanks to this, the number of moving parts and their mass is sharply reduced, and the mass and volume of the engine are reduced by 2.5 times. Friction is reduced. Accordingly, power losses due to the movement of moving parts are reduced. There will be no cylinder wear, so there is no friction between the pistons and cylinders.

 In addition to the foregoing, the proposed design is much simpler in design, and therefore cheaper in production, which will simplify the process of operation and repair. One metal product will require 2.5 to 3 times less, which means that the environment wins.

Claims (3)

 1. An internal combustion engine with a swinging piston, comprising a housing with an annular chamber, a piston with a shaft with a seal, oscillating in the annular chamber, a lever mounted on the shaft and connected through a connecting rod to the crankshaft, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second piston while the pistons are made in the form of two opposed prisms mounted on the shaft, and the combustion chambers are equipped with nozzles, intake and exhaust valves on both sides.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal is made labyrinth.  3. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slots are made inside the shaft on the opposite side of the lever.

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