RU2143798C1 - Agricultural product storage (versions) and method for loading and unloading of agricultural product from storage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production, in particular, storage of packaged feed, vegetable and fruit in containers in storage. SUBSTANCE: storage has cylindrical vessel with cupola, hollow column extending axially of cupola, round base, pole-shaped supports positioned around base, rigidity rings fastened on pole-shaped supports to define storage carcass, roller-type device, circular monorail running along outer storage contour, crown beam mounted on monorail and adapted for carrying two hoists, one of them provided with operator's seat. Conveying table is positioned in storage so as to be rolled into zone under wall-mounted crane. Covered storage has hole for loading and unloading of packaged products or products in containers. Storage may be made double-walled or may be free of wall. It may be covered with net. Products are loaded or unloaded from storage by conveyor movable through chamber isolated from vessel. EFFECT: increased efficiency and wider operational capabilities. 8 cl, 26 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular, for storing feed, boxed in the form of bales, rolls, bags, as well as for storage of other agricultural products, for example, all types of root vegetables and all types of fruits in container packaging.

 Known feed storage (See RU application N 94018857/13, 02.20.96, SU 1042668 A1, 09/23/83, SU 917777 A1, 04/07/82), capable of sheltering feed stored in bulk form. These storages reliably cover feed in loose form and reliably maintain their good quality. They, with the optimal ratio of height and diameter, solve an important technical and economic problem - to cover as much feed as possible with the smallest surface.

 But these storages are not able to receive, stack and store boxed fodder. It is very important to distribute the dignity of these storages for the storage of boxed feed. At the same time, when solving the problem of storing boxed fodder, this solution should be linked to the problem of storing other results of peasant labor, especially fodder root crops, food root crops, and also fruits and vegetables. There are no perfect storage facilities in the village with a high level of mechanization of loading and unloading operations and a high level of reliability of preservation of these products.

 Solving the problem of sheltering vegetables, fruits, all types of root crops, it is necessary to make the rule, the norm of the technological process of harvesting these crops, the mandatory use of packaging: when harvesting these types of crops, they must be packed in special containers in this process and then stored in this packaging. The invention is aimed at solving this problem.

 To solve this problem, in a boxed feed storage box containing a cylindrical container with an optimal ratio of height and diameter, a container covered with a dome and a dome space separated from the container, the container is sealed with a two-tier hanging film, the connecting seams of which are made according to the patent SU 917777, with This film is suspended on the curved bars. The storage is equipped with a crane-beam mounted on a roller support device placed on a hollow column, and a circular monorail mounted on the brackets at the top around the perimeter of the storage wall. The beam crane has a drive and is able to rotate around a hollow column, and a doorway is made in the wall of the cylindrical container; a wall-mounted crane with a hoist is installed above the entrance to the doorway, while at the entrance to the store there is a chamber isolated from the tank with a conveyor table placed in it. The conveyor table is able to roll out of the chamber outside the storage area and part of it is installed under the wall-mounted crane in order to receive food packages or containers with vegetables or fruits from the wall-mounted crane and move them to the storage chamber. The chamber at the top in its ceiling has a hatch with dimensions that, when loading the store, for example, with hay rolls or containers with vegetables and others, can be taken by a crane hoist with a crane hoist from the conveyor table or when unloaded from the storehouse to be fed to the conveyor table. In the absence of loading or unloading, the camera hatch is closed by a lid from the mechanism ensuring its horizontal movement in special tracks. The manhole cover is equipped with gaskets. It is also envisaged that for more reliable retention of a given temperature regime of product storage in a cylindrical container, the storehouse can have not only a single-wall design, but also a double-walled one, while the upper part of the space between the walls above, under the roof of this space, is filled, for example, with glass wool.

This storage is also distinguished by the fact that during long-term storage of vegetables, fruits, root crops and other perishable products in container packaging, its cylindrical container is filled with a neutral gas medium, for example heavy CO ₂ gas, and for the operator to work in this gas environment, the crane beam has a hoist , carrying an operator’s chair with a flexible duct hose connected to the arm of the flexible duct connecting the moving chamber (device) with a hollow column having openings for supplying air to the flexible hose in the coverage area.

 This storehouse carries a higher culture of frugality. It introduces the use of the storage process of all types of vegetables, root crops and fruits, as integral elements of this process, such devices as a container and a pallet.

 The container, pallet should become the equipment of the storage facilities and their turnover: storage - field, field - storage or storage - store, store - storage. These storage devices must be made of lightweight and durable materials and have a design.

 Therefore, in the invention, storages for vegetables, root crops and fruits are distinguished in that the containers of the above products are conical in height and can be made one, two, three or more sectional or chamber. At the same time, the bottom of these sections can open both down and up, which achieves both upper and lower unloading of containers.

 When laying containers in a stack, they with their legs are inserted into the frame of the underlying container and form a connected column, and on the side surface (at the corners) there are hook protrusions for tying the resulting stack with a cable or bundle at two, three levels.

 This storehouse can also deliver products in bulk form and therefore differs in that the conveyor table of the receiving chamber has a slot for installing a container on it for lower unloading on the conveyor table and distributing the product in bulk form to the consumer packaging.

 Boxed feed storage, when storing only feed packed in bales, rolls, packages, can be performed in a wallless design or covered with a netting net, while fully preserving all the equipment (devices) for receiving and stacking bales, rolls, containers, listed above in the storage of single and double-walled, but without an isolated chamber.

 In FIG. 1 and 2 depict a single-wall fodder storage box, with FIG. 1 - general view of the storage; in FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1.

 In FIG. 3 and 4 show a boxed feed storage in a double-walled design, with FIG. 3 is a general sectional view (b); in FIG. 4 is a sectional view of FIG. 1.

 In FIG. 5 shows the assembly A of FIG. 4 - upper insulation of the inter-wall space under the roof lobe with glass wool material.

 In FIG. 6 is a horizontal section of FIG. 22 and shows stacking of containers by sector.

 In FIG. 7 is a section AA in FIG. 1 shows the stacking of containers or feed packages in concentric rings.

 In FIG. 8 and 9 depict in two projections a crane beam, where in FIG. 8 is a side view and in FIG. 9 is a top view.

 In FIG. 10 shows the attachment of the crane beam to the central column and the monorail, and section AA is taken from the duct duct (Fig. 8).

 In FIG. 11-16 depict a container in two projections, where in FIG. 11 and 12, a three-section container for vegetables and fruits with delicate peel, respectively, a side view and a top view, in FIG. 13 and 14 - a two-section container; and FIG. 15 and 16 - single-section container, respectively, side view.

 In FIG. 17 - node B of FIG. 12.

 In FIG. 18 - node A of FIG. fourteen.

 In FIG. 19-21 shows the insulating chamber at the entrance to the storage, in Fig. 19 is a side view, in FIG. 20 is a plan view and in FIG. 21 is a front view for showing a drive of a camera sunroof.

 In FIG. 22 and 23 depict a stack of containers in two projections (side view and top) and its strapping with a bundle or cable at two levels.

 In FIG. 24 and 25 show the boxed feed storage box in a wallless design or covered with a net, for example a netting net, in FIG. 24 is a perspective view of FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the storage showing its equipment; FIG. 26 - node B in FIG. 23.

 In FIG. 1 depicts a single-wall storage of vegetables and fodder root crops for warm or moderately warm regions. This storage includes: wall 1 made of concrete small-format hollow blocks, dome 2, on the basic version of the storage (diameter 18 m), it is made in the form of two spherical layers. Above the entrance to the storehouse, doorway 3 has a wall mounted crane 4 with a hoist 5.

 In FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a boxed single-wall feed storage. The storage capacity is separated from the dome space by the suspension of the two-tier film 6 and its connection with the dome dome mounted on the hollow column 7.

 At the entrance to the storage, a conveyor table 8 with a slot for lower unloading of containers is installed, this conveyor table 8 is placed in an insulated chamber 10. Chamber 10 has a hatch 11 closed by a cover 12. The cover 12 moves to open or close the cable block system 14 from the mechanism and drive 15 through a transmission shaft with cable drums 16.

 The insulation chamber 10 communicates with the cylindrical storage capacity by the lock passage 17. The main loading and unloading mechanism of the storage is a crane-beam 18, which is laid on a roller support device 19 and a circular monorail 20 mounted on brackets.

 The crane-beam 18 has a drive 22 for its rotation around the hollow column 7. The crane-beam has two telphers 23 and 24. The telpher 23 is a cargo one for gripping and moving containers and pallets with feed packages. The hoist 24 carries the operator's seat 25 and the control box crane-beam 26.

In storages where products are stored in a neutral gas environment, for example, using carbon dioxide CO ₂ , a flexible hose (duct) 27 from a box (chamber) 28 mounted on a hollow column 7 is suspended from the operator’s chair. A collector block is installed on the hollow column 7 rings 29, and on the crane beam 18 - collector box 30, which provides power to the drive 22 of the crane beam and its hoists 23 and 24.

A thermoblock 31 is installed on the hollow column 7 to create a predetermined temperature regime for product storage and a set of gas cylinders 32 with CO ₂ gas. On the hollow column 7 there are two exhaust hatches 33 and 34 for ventilating the storage tank, while the hatch 33 is for removing light gases from the storage and the hatch 34 is for removing heavy gases, so that the column 7 performs at the same time an important technological purpose - it is an exhaust pipe, at the same time very reliable.

 In FIG. Figures 3 and 4 show the double-walled storage with the formation of an air jacket. This storage has the same device and is equipped with the same equipment, but is insulated; wall 1 has a double-walled design with the formation between the walls of the air jacket, where you can apply, if necessary, warm air from the air heater according to the signal of the freezing temperature.

 At the top, the shirt of the storage wall is covered with a roofing petal 35, under which glass wool 38 is laid on the grate 36 fixed on the shrouds 37. This is all the differences between the storage in a double-walled design and the storage with one wall. The insulation of the shirt under the roof is depicted in detail on the notch of the assembly “A” of FIG. 2.

 In FIG. 6 and 7, sections AA are shown in FIG. 1 and BB in FIG. 24, to show two methods of stacking feed packages or containers of products in stacks: in FIG. 6 shows the method of laying containers by sectors and in FIG. 7 - receiving stacking containers on concentric rings. These techniques create the conditions for the use of robotics in the laying of feed and on their fence from the storage.

 In FIG. 8 and 9 show a crane beam in two projections: in FIG. 8 is a side view and FIG. 9 is a plan or top view.

 The crane beam carrying capacity is not more than 1 ton and has the following device. The beam is made of an I-beam of light profile. In the center of the storage, the crane beam 18 is supported on the hollow column 7 by means of a supporting roller device 19, and near the storage wall on a circular monorail 20, which is mounted on the wall with brackets 21. The crane beam is rotated along the monorail 20 using a gear motor 22. The crane The beam 18 carries two telphers 23 and 24. The telpher 23 is cargo: it is equipped with grips (A), (B) and (C). Capture (A) - ordinary hook, capture (B) - clamshell and capture (C) - in the form of a rolling pin for inserting its fixed ends from the inside into the eyes of the containers.

 An operator chair 25 and a box 26 for controlling a crane beam and its hoists are suspended on a hoist 24.

 A flexible hose or duct 27 is connected to the seat 25 for the operator to work in a neutral gas environment. The flexible duct 27 is connected to the box 28, which movably covers the hollow column 7. The connection of the flexible hose to the box, and the box with the hollow column 7 is shown in section AA of this figure. When the crane beam 18 rotates, the hose rotates with it, the shell rotates in the grooves of the plates of this device.

 In FIG. 11-16 - three types of containers: (a), (b) and (c) and each of them in two projections. Container (a) - three-section, it is designed to store vegetables and fruits with delicate peel; container (b) - two-section, it is intended for vegetables and fruits with a more durable peel, from melons, it contains melons. The container (s) is single-section, it stores all types of root crops and melons and pumpkins and watermelons.

 The container has a frame 39, which is knitted from the corner of light alloys or from organic materials. Corners 39 are mounted with frames 40. These two parts form the frame of the container. The frame is enclosed by strips 41 and a conical basket is formed. Sashes 42 are pivotally attached to the frames 40, which, when attached, form the bottom of the container section.

 In the upper part of the container, its lattice is tied with a stiffening frame 43, it has eyes or holes for gripping containers with hoists.

 Sashes of sections 42 have hooks 44 to hold them open during container loading or top unloading. In a horizontal position, when the flaps perform the function of the bottom, they are held by screw stops 45. The container basket, its lower frame has self-aligning rollers 46 for moving the container along the storage floor or the transport body.

 In FIG. 19-21 are three projections of the insulated chamber 10, in FIG. 19 is a side view, in FIG. 20 is a perspective view from above and in FIG. 21 is a frontal projection showing a hatch cover drive.

 Its purpose is to more reliably maintain the temperature regime of storage of the product, even while it is being taken from the store. It is even more necessary if the product is stored in a neutral gas environment.

 In the chamber 10 there is a conveyor table 8 with a socket 9 for lower unloading of containers and delivery of the product in loose form to the consumer’s packaging. In the ceiling of the chamber there is a hatch 11, which is closed by a cover 12. The cover 12 for opening or closing the hatch moves in the paths 13. The movement of the cover 12 is made by a cable block system 14 from the shaft by a gear motor with a cable drum 16.

 In FIG. 22-23 show a stack of containers stacked in height in 4 rows. The stack is tied at two levels with a cable or harness, the cable tie is laid on hooks 48, mounted on the corners of the container frame.

 In FIG. Figure 24-25 shows a boxed boxless feed storage. This store has an entrance 49 to the doorway 3, equal in height to the height of the base of the store 50. Around the base of the base there are supports 51 on which a stiffening ring 52 is attached, which forms the frame of the store. A grid or mesh is attached to the rings 52, for example a netting net. At the top of the support 51 are fitted with a stiffening ring 53 of profile metal, for example a channel. In the ring 53, a bandage 54 is laid, to which the petals of the dome are attached. The fastening of the dome petals to the bandage 54 is completely unified with the fastening of the dome to the BS-9.15 tower.

 All the technological equipment of the boxless feed storage box is completely preserved: a wall-mounted crane 4, a beam crane 18 with two hoists 23 and 24, a conveyor table 8 with a socket 9 is saved, only an insulated chamber is missing and no two-tier suspension is required in this storage films.

 Loading and unloading storage.

 When loading the storage, the conveyor table 8 is rolled out of the storage under the wall crane 4 (partially). The wall crane 4 with the help of a hoist 5 picks up a container or a pallet with bales from a transport body and installs it on a conveyor table 8. A conveyor table 8 moves a container or a pallet with bales in a storage under the hatch 11, where the containers are picked up by the hoist 23 and a crane-beam 18 are introduced into the storage tank and stacked in an appropriate stack according to the type of feed being harvested. The operator on his chair hoist 24 approaches the place of laying the container, unhooks the container from the gripper and instructs the hoist 23 to return to its original position above the hatch 11, then the process is repeated.

 Upon completion of the laying of the containers and the complete formation of one or another sector of the stack, it is tied at two, but no more than three levels, in height with a bundle or cable 47, by laying them on the edges 48. After that, the storage tank is ventilated and the insulated chamber 10 is closed.

 When unloading the storage, the doorway 3 opens, the conveyor table 8 partially rolls out under the wall crane 4, the hatch opens 11. The operator in the chair 25 of the telpher 24, controlling the freight telpher 23 with the help of box 26, approaches the sector and container, adjusts the grip, picks up the intended container or pallet with bales and moves it to the hatch 11 and then lowers it onto the conveyor table 8. The conveyor table 8 moves the container under the wall crane 4, the latter takes the container with the hoist 5 and fits into the transport body.

 If the contents of the container are dispensed into the consumer’s packaging, then the container is installed on socket 9 and its lower discharge is made. The contents of the container are poured onto the conveyor table and moved and poured onto the consumer packaging installed at the conveyor. The filled capacity (box, container) of the consumer is captured by the hoist 5 of the wall crane 4 and fed into the transport body.

A storage facility equipped with an isolated chamber for receiving and dispensing products packed in containers is capable of storing all the results of peasant labor with very high safety, and at the same time where they are produced. This storage facility fully mechanizes all loading and unloading operations, and the size of these storage facilities can be from 300 to 3000 m ³ . This storehouse brings to the village a high culture of frugality of the results of peasant labor.

Claims (8)

 1. A storage of agricultural products, containing a cylindrical container with a dome and two tiers of film with the formation of an air gap between them to seal the storage, a hollow column placed along the axis of the storage, characterized in that for storing feed in boxed form in the form of bales, rolls, and also vegetables, fruits, various root crops laid in containers, a supporting roller device is installed on the hollow column, and a circular monorail, on which a crane-b is installed, is placed at the top of the perimeter of the storage wall a drive with a drive for its rotation around the hollow column and carrying two hoists, one of which, adjacent to the hollow column, has an operator's chair and a crane control box, and a wall crane is installed on the outer surface of the storage wall above its entrance with a hoist, the entrance to the storage wall is made in the form of a doorway with a device at the entrance to the storage chamber, isolated from the storage capacity and communicating with the cylindrical storage capacity by a lock passage having three gateways - input, neutral and exit bottom, in the chamber there is a conveyor table capable of rolling out from the chamber under a wall-mounted crane, while the conveyor table has a slot for installing a container on it in case of its lower unloading on the conveyor table and dispensing of the product in loose form in the consumer’s container, at the top of the chamber , in its overlap there is a hatch for loading and unloading boxed products or containers.  2. Storage according to Claim. 1, characterized in that in the absence of loading of the storage or unloading of packaged products from it, the camera hatch is closed by a lid from the mechanism ensuring its horizontal movement in the tracks, and the manhole cover is equipped with sealing gaskets.  3. Storage according to claim 1, characterized in that for the most reliable retention in a cylindrical tank of a given temperature storage mode, the storage is made double-walled, while the upper part of the inter-wall space, under the roof of this space, is filled with a heater, such as glass wool. 4. The storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that during prolonged storage of perishable products packaged in containers, the cylindrical container is filled with a neutral gas medium, such as CO ₂ gas, and for the operator to work in this gas medium to a hoist carrying the operator's chair with the device to control the crane beam, a flexible hose of an air duct connected by an enclosing movable device with a hollow column made in the zone of its coverage with holes for supplying air to the flexible hose is brought.  5. The storehouse according to claim 1, characterized in that for storing boxed vegetables, fruits and all kinds of root crops, containers with a bottom device, intermediate partitions along the height of the container at two, three or more levels, capable of opening upwards, are used in it. and down to achieve both lower unloading of containers and upper, and the basket of containers in height, its frame is made conical.  6. A storage of agricultural products, containing a cylindrical container with a dome, as well as a hollow column placed along the axis of the storage, characterized in that when storing feed in boxed products, for example, bales, rolls, other materials, placed in boxes or containers that do not require preserving the preset temperature regime of storage, it is equipped with a circular base, supports around the base of the base in the form of columns on which stiffening rings are fixed, forming the storage frame, and also mounted on a hollow a supporting roller device, and at the top of the inner perimeter of the storage there is a circular monorail on which a crane beam is mounted with a drive for its rotation around the hollow column, carrying two telphers, one of which adjacent to the hollow column has an operator chair and a crane-beam control box, and on the external surface of the storage above the entrance to it there is a wall-mounted crane with a hoist, the entrance to the storage is made in the form of a doorway, and the storage is also equipped with a conveyor table, capable of roll out under a wall crane with a hoist, and the conveyor table has a slot for installing a container on it in case of its lower unloading on the conveyor table.  7. The storehouse according to claim 6, characterized in that a grid, for example, a "chain-link" grid, is attached to the stiffening rings forming the frame.  8. The method of loading and unloading from the storage of agricultural products, including the supply of agricultural products by moving the conveyor, characterized in that when storing agricultural products in the form of vegetables, fruits, root crops, packed in containers, the feed is carried out through a chamber isolated from the storage tank with a it with a conveyor table, where a container with or without products is installed on a conveyor table, with which the product is moved inside the chamber and then through the hatch in the chamber overlap they lift the crane beam up, bring it into the cylindrical storage capacity and stack it, while laying the containers in the stack they are inserted in the conical part into each other with the formation of a connected column, and along the lateral surface of the containers at their corners in special hook protrusions lay a cable or tow to ensure binding of the stack of containers at two, but no more than three, in case of their long storage, levels, while the stack is made in the form of vectors or cylindrical rings, and uzku containers is carried out in reverse order.

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