RU214323U1 - DREDGER HEAD - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the equipment of a suction dredger, the purpose of which is the production of dredging. The device can be used for earthworks carried out under water at the bottom of a reservoir in order to lay a pipeline or cable under water. The dredger head as a soil intake device is a working tool of a suction dredger, which, according to the rock separation method, belongs to a suction dredger with a hydraulic loosener. The dredger head contains a carriage with pipelines installed on it. One pipeline is for discharge, the other for suction. The carriage is a frame equipped with wheels. The frame has a profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle. To do this, the frame contains side members installed in parallel, connected by transverse arcuate elements installed parallel to each other, in parallel planes. Wheels are mounted on the frame between the spars in rows arranged longitudinally. In each row, the wheels with the planes of rotation are in the same plane. The angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other extreme row is 80 degrees. The wheels are mounted on theoretical axles that are in parallel planes. Each theoretical axle is formed by axles located in the same plane, on each of which one of the wheels is installed. Each axis of each theoretical axis is located on a tangent to the arc. On the arc are the centers of the wheels of each single theoretical axle. The technical result is to reduce the height of the support part when using the possibility for it to repeat the support profile. 39 w.p. f-ly, 23 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the equipment of a suction dredger, the purpose of which is the production of dredging.

The utility model can be used for earthworks carried out underwater at the bottom of a reservoir for the purpose of laying pipelines and cables under water, and is intended for loosening rocks and transporting them in the form of pulp to hydraulic dumps. Suitable for use in salt water and fresh water reservoirs.

It is also possible to use for dredging, capital, for example, in the construction of hydraulic facilities, as well as operational, for example, for cleaning from silt, sediments that disrupt the operation of hydraulic structures.

The floating suction dredger (dredger) with which the utility model works is designed to excavate rock mass located under a layer of water in natural or artificial reservoirs and transport it to dumps, processing plants or intermediate containers.

The dredger head as a soil intake device is a working tool of a suction dredger, which, according to the rock separation method, belongs to a suction dredger with a hydraulic loosener, and the soil is transported using a floating slurry pipeline. Water is used as the carrier fluid.

Known method and apparatus for laying the pipeline "Method and apparatus for burying pipeline" (US 3659425A, published: 1972-05-02).

The apparatus comprises longitudinal parallel metal tubes forming a frame, interconnected by metal tubes. Support rollers are located between the pipes. In addition, one or more additional clips may be present. The lowermost longitudinal pipes are provided with a large number of nozzles directed inwards and/or downwards. Upward directed nozzles may also be present. The longitudinal pipes are provided with a liquid inlet. All metal pipes are interconnected in such a way that the liquid can flow from the inlet, through said pipes to the orifice of the nozzle. The apparatus may be lowered onto the pipeline so that it surrounds the pipeline. The apparatus, through a cable or chain, is connected to a tugboat or any other traction device, such as, for example, a winch on the shore or a winch below. To prevent the apparatus from tilting, it is assumed that it is sized such that, in normal use, its center of gravity is below the center of the pipeline.

Flaws.

The connected pipes of the apparatus simultaneously perform the functions of the frame and pipelines. The support rollers on the axles are mounted directly on the pipes. Thus, the apparatus is a carriage, the frame of which functions as a conduit. The possibility of using, the performance of the device as a soil intake device is limited by the frame design. Also, the device must not be used for any other purpose. The design - a frame on support rollers and at the same time pipelines - is difficult to manufacture, time-consuming to maintain and operate. For the apparatus to function as a carriage and pipelines at the same time, the frame pipe connections must be made reliable and tight, for this the frame must be made torsionally rigid. Also, frame torsion deformations lead to additional, mainly, radial displacement of the shafts and, as a result, to additional loading of the cantilever sections of the shafts, i.e. there may be shortcomings in the functioning of the support rollers. Materials for manufacturing must meet high requirements for corrosion resistance.

An essential structural element of such structures is the frame. The torsion of the frame occurs with an asymmetric load. The spar frame in this case is a statically indeterminate system.

Torsional deformations of high frames are especially significant. These deformations lead to additional, mainly radial, displacement of the shafts, and, as a result, to additional loading of the elements of the couplings, cantilever sections of the shafts. Just as for flat frames, for spatial frames, as a rule, stresses and strains associated with the action of longitudinal and shear forces are small compared to stresses and strains from bending and torsion.

The most versatile frame that can be used for a carriage is a load-bearing spar frame. The flexural strength is created by the spars, and the cross members serve to stabilize the position of the spars in the event of local twisting, which occurs due to a shift in the load application point. In addition, the crossbars also act as a support for the equipment mounted on the carriage, in this case the piping system.

The objective of the claimed utility model is a device, the design of which provides for the possibility of simple replacement of working equipment, the possibility of using other working equipment, and the problems of increasing durability, reducing material consumption, and simplifying maintenance are also solved in the utility model.

The tasks are achieved due to the physical separation of the supporting elements, that is, the supporting part and the equipment installed on it, due to the uniform distribution and reduction of loads both on the entire device as a whole, and individually on the carriage, and, on the working equipment (on pipelines), by reducing the height of the support part when using the possibility for it to repeat the profile of the support, i.e. object on which the supporting part (carriage) can be placed.

The tasks are achieved by the fact that according to the utility model, the "Dredger head" device contains a carriage, which is a frame equipped with wheels, with pipelines installed on it, and differs in that

that the frame has a transverse profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle, for this, the frame contains parallel-mounted spars connected by transverse arcuate elements installed parallel to each other, in parallel planes,

wheels are installed on the frame between the spars, in rows arranged longitudinally,

in each row of the wheel, the planes of rotation are in the same plane,

the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of another, the extreme row is 60-120 degrees,

the wheels are mounted on theoretical axes that are in parallel planes,

each theoretical axle is formed by axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of the wheels,

each axis of each theoretical axle is located on a tangent to the arc on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axle are located,

this arc is part of a circle whose radius is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe on which the carriage and carriage wheels are to be placed,

on each theoretical axle, each distance along the arc between the centers of the wheels is: π ⋅ (R pipes + r wheels) ⋅ α degrees / 180 degrees,

where: R of the pipe is the radius of the pipe on which the carriage is to be placed, r is the radius of the carriage wheel, α degrees - the angle between the planes of rotation of the wheels of the theoretical axis,

π is a mathematical constant equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Possible implementations of the device are disclosed below.

The cross profile of the frame corresponds to an arc equal to 120 degrees, the number of spars installed in parallel is four, the distance along the arc between adjacent spars is 40 degrees,

on the frame between the spars, 12 wheels are installed, arranged longitudinally in three rows, each row has four wheels, the central row of wheels is located along the longitudinal axis of the carriage, in each row the wheels with the planes of rotation are in the same plane, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other, extreme row is 80 degrees, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other, adjacent row is 40 degrees,

the wheels are mounted on four theoretical axles that are in parallel planes, while each theoretical axle is formed by three axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of 12 wheels,

each axis of each theoretical axle is located on a tangent to the arc on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axle are located,

this arc is part of a circle whose radius is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe on which the carriage and carriage wheels are to be placed,

on each theoretical axle, each distance along the arc between the centers of the wheels can be calculated by the formula: π ⋅ (R pipes + r wheels) ⋅ α degrees / 180 degrees,

where: R pipe - the radius of the pipe on which the carriage should be placed, r - the radius of the carriage wheel, α degrees - the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of the theoretical axis,

π is a mathematical constant equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

The frame contains six transverse arcuate elements, of which four transverse arcuate elements support the spars from below, while two of them are located on one side of the transverse axis of the frame, the other two are located on the other side of the transverse axis of the frame, and two transverse arcuate elements support the spars from above ,

while one of them is installed in the plane of location of one extreme lower transverse arcuate element, the other is installed in the plane of location of the other extreme lower transverse arcuate element.

The transverse arcuate elements located on one side of the transverse axis of the frame, and the transverse arcuate elements located on the other side of the transverse axis of the frame, are equidistant from the transverse axis of the frame.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the extreme axles, one of which is the first, the other - the fourth, to the gauge is 1.5-6.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the outer axles to the gauge is 4.095, the ratio of the wheelbase along the first and second axes to the gauge is 1.126, the ratio of the wheelbase along the second and third axles to the gauge is 1.84, the ratio of the wheelbase along axes of the third and fourth to the gauge is 1.126.

Wheelbase (B), track (L), diameter (d) of each wheel.

B/L=4.095, at d=98% of pipe radius,

where: B - distance between axles; L is the length of the arc corresponding to the track of the carriage; d is the diameter of the wheel.

Pipelines.

On the frame, the pipelines are installed with the possibility of removal, with the possibility of installation, and relative to the frame, the pipelines are installed with the possibility of changing the position according to the angle of inclination.

On the frame, the pipelines are installed on its transverse axis, in the same plane, by means of platforms specially designed for this.

The platforms are made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures, for example, platforms are made of C245 steel.

Two pipelines of different diameters are installed on the frame, one of them is of a smaller diameter for functioning as an inlet, the other, of a larger diameter, for functioning as a suction one, the pipelines are installed in parallel planes with their upper ends, each pipeline, namely the upper end of each pipeline, is equipped with a flange .

One injection pipeline contains branch pipes connected by flanges on bolts, has one hole in the upper branch pipe for functioning as an inlet, is bifurcated in the middle part, each of the two lower parts is also bifurcated into branch pipes, thus, there are four holes in the lower part , one in each lower outlet to function as a weekend.

In this case, the ratio of the diameter of the inlet to the sum of the diameters of the outlet holes: 0.511. In this case, the device will function effectively even at a ratio selected in the range of 0.38-0.65.

The injection pipeline is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures, for example, steel C245.

The other pipeline, the suction, contains pipes connected by flanges on bolts, has one hole in the upper pipe to function as an outlet, in the middle and lower parts it is bifurcated into pipes, thus there are two holes in the lower part, one in each lower pipe for functioning as input.

The ratio of the sum of the diameters of the inlet holes to the diameter of the outlet hole: 1.35. In this case, the device will function effectively even at a ratio selected in the range of 1-1.8.

The suction pipeline is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. The suction pipe, with the exception of the lower pipes, can be made of C245 steel, and its lower pipes are made of C345 steel.

Nozzles are installed on the lower nozzles of the discharge pipeline, on the lower nozzles of the suction pipeline, there is one nozzle on each nozzle, and each nozzle is a pipe segment, the open end of which has an oblique cut, made at an angle of 45 degrees to the wall of the pipe segment, each nozzle is installed with the possibility of adjustment, namely: with the possibility of rotation around the axis, with the possibility of moving along the axis, with the possibility of fixing in the required position.

The nozzles are made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures.

Moreover, each nozzle installed on the discharge pipeline can be made of steel C245, each nozzle installed on the suction pipeline can be made of steel C345.

Spar configuration, materials.

Each spar is made of a steel closed rectangular profile designed for building structures.

In addition, each spar can be made from a profile made according to GOST 30245-2003 from S245 steel.

Each spar can be made from a profile with a section of 140 mm by 140 mm, with a wall thickness of 8 mm.

The configuration of the transverse arcuate element.

Each transverse arcuate element is made of a steel closed rectangular profile designed for building structures.

In this case, each transverse arcuate element can be made of a profile made according to GOST 30245-2003 from S245 steel.

Each transverse arc-shaped element can be made of a profile with a section of 140 mm by 140 mm, with a wall thickness of 8 mm.

Spars and transverse arcuate elements are connected by welding, platforms are installed on the frame by welding.

Wheel, wheel axle.

Each wheel is mounted on its own axle, specially designed for it, the wheels on the axles are mounted on the frame to provide the carriage with uniform weight distribution along the axles, each axle is mounted with the possibility of removal, with the possibility of installation.

Each wheel has a hub, which is made closed hermetic, with the possibility of disassembly, with the possibility of assembly, from steel intended for the manufacture of building structures, part of the support that supports the wheel hub, and accordingly, the wheel itself on the axle is a bearing, while the hubs can be made of steel C245.

For each wheel, the bearing is represented by two sealed radial ball bearings.

Each axle is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures, for example, each axle is made of C245 steel.

Each wheel contains a disk and a tire containing rubber mounted on it.

Tires are solid, each of them has a tread pattern consisting of large blocks, a pattern of the "interrupted wave" type.

Metal elements are subjected to anti-corrosion protection, while their protection against corrosion is made in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11-85 and SNiP 3.04.03-85.

Each pipeline in its lower part is equipped with a means that provides the ability to play the role of a damping means and provide the possibility of more accurate positioning on the object of placement, while each such means is a bushing made of rubber.

Utility model "Dredger head", figures.

Fig. 1 - dredger head placed on the pipeline; Fig. 2 - dredge head; Fig. 3 - dredger head, side view; Fig. 4 - head of the dredger placed on the pipeline, front view; Fig. 5 - dredger head, top view; Fig. 6 - frame, side view; Fig. 7 - frame, top view; Fig. 8 - axle with wheels, formed by three axes located in the same plane (the theoretical axis of the carriage), placing the wheels on the pipe (on the pipeline), the pipe is shown in cross section; Fig. 9 - shaft, cantilevered on the platform; Fig. 10 - bracket, which is designed to support the free end of the shaft;

Fig. 11 and 12 - injection nozzle 10; Fig. 13 and FIG. 14 - suction nozzle 11; Fig. 15 - shaft, cantilevered on the site, top view;

Fig. 16 - bracket, which is designed to support the free end of the shaft, top view; Fig. 17 - platform for fastening pipelines; Fig. 18 - means of fastening pipelines to the site (bracket, mating part);

Fig. 19 - test, penetration 1, nozzle configuration;

Fig. 20 - test, penetration 2, nozzle configuration;

Fig. 21 - test, penetration 3, nozzle configuration;

Fig. 22 - test, penetration 4, nozzle configuration;

Fig. 23 - test, penetration 5, nozzle configuration.

The "Dredger head" device contains a carriage, which is a frame equipped with wheels. The carriage is the lower support part of the device. Pipelines are installed on the carriage. One pipeline is designed to function as an injection, for fluid medium, the other as a suction, for soil, for pulp.

The frame is a three-dimensional structure containing rigid connections between elements.

The frame has a transverse profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle, namely, the frame profile corresponds to an arc equal to 120 degrees. Other values for the length of the arc are also possible.

A frame of such a profile can be stably placed on the cylindrical surface of any object (body), for example, a pipe, cable, etc. It is also possible to use a cylindrical surface as a guide for moving the frame along the axis of such a cylindrical surface.

Thus, the possibility of repeating the profile of the support was used for the frame, i.e. an object on which it can be, a frame and, accordingly, a carriage should be placed, and the material consumption of the frame should also be reduced.

The frame contains four parallel spars 1 (longitudinal elements), connected by six transverse arcuate elements (crossbars), which are represented by two elements 2 and four elements 3. Each arcuate element 2 and 3 corresponds to an arc with a length less than a semicircle, preferably, each of them corresponds to an arc 120 degrees, while the arc distance between adjacent spars 1 is 40 degrees.

Four transverse arcuate elements 3 are installed parallel to each other, in parallel planes, support the side members from below. Two elements 3 are located on one side of the middle of the frame (from the transverse axis of the frame), two other elements 3 are located on the other side of the middle of the frame (from the transverse axis of the frame). Preferably equidistant from the middle (from the transverse axis) of the frame.

Two transverse arcuate element 2 are installed parallel to each other, in parallel planes, support the spars from above. At the same time, one of them is installed in the plane of location of one extreme lower transverse arcuate element 3, the other is installed in the plane of location of the other extreme lower transverse arcuate element 3.

Arcs can be measured in angular units. Arcs equal in central angles are not necessarily equal in length and are directly proportional to the radius of the circle. They are equal only if the radii of the circles are equal.

The arcuate elements 2 are equal in length, the arcuate elements 3 are equal in length, while each arcuate element 2 is longer in length than each arcuate element 3.

Thus, the configuration of the frame corresponds to the cylindrical surface (i.e., the frame follows the cylindrical surface due to the configuration), so that the frame can be placed on the cylindrical surface without play and stably.

The frame is the basis for fastening the wheels on the axles, as well as for fastening pipelines, while the wheels on the axles are placed between the spars, which made it possible to significantly lower the frame, bring it closer to the placement surface. Instead of pipelines, which are described in the application, other equipment can be installed on the frame.

The carriage is a structure that can exist and that can be moved separately. Pipelines can be fixed on the frame with clamps, brackets, elements of threaded connections (bolts, screws, nuts), etc. can also be used for fastening.

The spar frame used in the utility model is enclosing for the structural elements of the carriage (for wheel axles, for wheels, i.e. it works not only as a simple spar frame, but also as a peripheral frame), and is also enclosing, repeating the profile of the object on which carriage can be placed. Also, this frame can be described as spatial.

The frame configuration is chosen in such a way that its elements (spars, cross members) are subjected to a minimum bending load, due to this, the possibility of reducing the cross section of the frame elements (pipes, profiles) and significantly reducing weight with the same overall rigidity is used.

Also, a distinctive feature of the frame used is the physical separation of the supporting elements (supporting part) and the equipment installed on the frame (pipelines). Bearing elements - power elements that perceive the workloads that occur during the movement of the carriage. The frame perceives the weight of the equipment, perceives the loads arising during the operation of the equipment, perceives the dynamic and shock loads arising during the movement of the carriage.

This design made it possible to combine the manufacturability of the frame with the required weight with the rational use of space, including by reducing the height of the spars relative to the placement surface.

For the manufacture of the frame (spars, crossbars), a round pipe, a different section, a U-shaped profile (channel), an I-beam, a rectangular section profile, a closed rectangular section profile can be used. Crossbars can be K-shaped, X-shaped. Spars, cross members can be made with a variable section. In the most loaded areas, the height of the section can be increased.

In this case, it is preferable to use a closed profile of a rectangular cross section, this allows you to significantly reduce the cross section of the spars and cross members, which leads, among other things, to a decrease in metal consumption.

The simple design of the frames with no inaccessible hidden cavities makes it easy to carry out effective anti-corrosion treatment.

For spars 1 selected:

Each spar is made of a steel closed rectangular profile designed for building structures, namely from a profile made in accordance with GOST 30245-2003. There are various options for choosing a profile for the cross section and wall thickness, while a profile with a cross section of 140 mm by 140 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm is quite sufficient.

For crossbars 2, 3 selected:

Each arched cross member is made of a steel closed rectangular profile designed for building structures, namely, from a profile made in accordance with GOST 30245-2003. There are various options for choosing a profile according to the cross section and wall thickness, while a profile with a cross section of 140 mm by 140 mm and a wall thickness of 8 mm is quite sufficient.

The material for the spars and cross members can be metal, plastic, wood.

In the utility model, the material for the spars and cross members is mild steel of the C245 type, it is also possible to use its analogues of steel Vst3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3. Such steel is distinguished by the constancy of the mechanical properties of finished rolled products, is well processed by a cutting tool, bends and molds. It can also be welded without restrictions.

For spars and cross members, each closed profile is sealed by joining into a closed section and welding the slots with solid seams.

Frame parts can be connected by rivets, bolts, screws, welding. In the utility model, the spars and transverse arcuate elements (crossbars) are connected by semi-automatic welding in a shielding gas.

For fastening the axles of the wheels, specially designed for this platform 4 is provided on the frame. Each platform 4 is a rectangular plate with holes for connection by means of bolts with the reciprocal platform-base of the wheel axle. The shape of the plate does not matter. The platforms are installed on the side members by means of semi-automatic welding in a protective gas environment. Also, axles can be installed without such platforms.

For fastening pipelines, specially designed platforms 5 are provided on the frame (Fig. 17), which are described in more detail below. Also, pipelines can be fixed on the frame without such platforms.

Wheel axles.

A shaft with a bracket and a bracket, in pairs, are designed to connect the wheel to the frame. Quantity: shaft with bracket - 12 pieces, bracket - 12 pieces.

The carriage is equipped with 6 wheels. The number of wheels is preferably 12 (twelve).

On the frame, between the spars, with the possibility of simultaneous engagement with the cylindrical rolling surface when placed on it, each on its own axis, wheels 6 are installed. The wheels are made of the same diameter.

A pipe (pipeline), on which a carriage can be placed for movement along its axis, and, accordingly, a carriage wheel can be placed, can be considered in cross section as a circle.

The sole of the wheel is formed by a certain segment, respectively, is on a straight line. This line and the circle have one common point, that is, the line is tangent to the circle. The plane of the wheel, coinciding with the plane of rotation of the wheel, is perpendicular to the tangent to the circle, that is, with respect to the tangent, the wheel is perpendicular to this plane.

It can also be said that each wheel is installed in such a way that the surface of its sole is perpendicular to the shortest segment, limited by two points, one of which is located on the axis of the pipe (on the axis of the buried pipeline) on which the carriage is located, the other in the center of the wheel.

The wheels on the axles are mounted on the frame to provide the carriage with a uniform weight distribution along the axles. Thus, in conjunction with the possibility of a frame, when installing the wheels, the possibility of repeating the profile of the support was also used, i.e. object on which the carriage can be placed.

The pipeline, through which the carriage can be moved, has a cylindrical surface, the frame of the carriage has a configuration corresponding to the cylindrical surface, the wheels are mounted on the frame with the possibility of simultaneous engagement with the cylindrical rolling surface (pipeline) when placed on it.

It is known that a cylindrical surface is a surface of the second order, formed by the movement of a straight line (in each of its positions called a generatrix) along a curve (called a guide) so that the straight line constantly remains parallel to its initial position.

It is also known that three points will be enough to designate a plane in space, and the fourth (fifth, sixth, etc.) can be located both in it and outside it.

Based on this, we can conclude that for the support and stable placement of the carriage on the pipeline with the ability to move along this pipeline, it is sufficient to have three reference points (wheels) that are not located on the same straight line and not on the same arc. With a three-wheel design, a carriage with wheels arranged in an isosceles triangle, for example, with a central wheel, either in front or behind, will be more stable.

An increase in the number of support wheels to more than three leads to an increase in the stability of the carriage, to an improvement in adhesion to the placement surface, to a more uniform distribution of weight, to an increase in the carrying capacity of the carriage, to a decrease in the load on each wheel.

Each axis 7 is made by means of a shaft (Fig. 9, Fig. 15), which is cantilevered on the platform and a bracket (Fig. 10, Fig. 16), which is designed to support the free end of the shaft.

On the site, the shaft is set at an angle of 110 degrees. The shaft fastening on the site can be reinforced with braces, which is preferable. All connections are made by semi-automatic welding in a protective gas environment.

The bracket is made by means of a piece of pipe of circular cross section, fixed on the platform cantilever. On site, the pipe section is set at an angle of 110 degrees. The pipe section is made with an inner diameter that provides a gap-free connection with the shaft, with its outer cylindrical surface. The fastening of the pipe section on the site can be reinforced with braces, which is preferable. All connections are made by semi-automatic welding in a protective gas environment.

Each platform is a rectangular plate with holes for fastening on the frame, on the reciprocal platform of the frame. The shape of the plate does not matter, only the matching of the mounting holes is important. Mounting the platform on the frame is possible with screws, bolts, etc. Thus, on the frame, each axle is installed with the possibility of easy removal and installation.

The material for platforms, brackets, axles, braces can be low-carbon steel of the C245 type or its analogues of steel VSt3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3.

Wheel location. Carriage axles.

Theoretically, it can be assumed that the carriage has four axles, where each axle has three wheels in the planes of rotation, the outermost of which are located at an angle of 80 (eighty) degrees to each other, the neighboring ones are at angles to each other of 40 (forty) degrees.

Each theoretical axis of the four is formed by three sections (removable axes) located in the same plane.

For each theoretical axis:

each section (each removable axle) is located on a tangent to the arc, on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axle are located, respectively, each one theoretical axle is formed by three sections (three removable axles) - three tangents.

The arc on which the centers of the wheels of one theoretical axis are located is part of a circle whose radius is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe (pipeline on which the carriage should be placed) and the carriage wheel. This definition is valid for every theoretical axis.

Each removable axle is designed to support one wheel on it. Between themselves, the sections (removable axes, respectively, the tangents are located at angles, each of which is equal to 140 degrees.

Wheel location. Wheel alignment angles.

Each wheel can be adjusted in several planes.

In the automotive industry, camber is the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the vertical. The camber determines whether the wheel is tilted to one side or is standing flat on the surface (on the road). The wheel is deflected outward with positive camber, and inward with negative camber.

Convergence is a parameter that characterizes the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel (planes of rotation of the wheels) and the direction of movement.

As a rule, the values of wheel alignment adjustments indicate the ranges within which the wheels can be set. Even small changes in these angles affect the handling and stability of the vehicle.

Angles of installation of wheels for the carriage.

The surface on which the carriage can be placed, and along which the carriage can be moved, is the surface of the pipe (pipeline).

A pipe (pipeline), on which a carriage can be placed for movement along its axis, and accordingly, a carriage wheel can be placed, can be considered in cross section as a circle.

Accordingly, for a carriage wheel, the concept of "camber" can refer to the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the shortest segment, limited by two points, one of which is located on the axis of the pipe (pipeline), the other in the center of the wheel.

Relative to the pipeline surface, this angle (camber) for each carriage wheel is zero.

Convergence.

The movement of the carriage, on wheels, through the pipeline is possible along the axis of the pipeline. When placing the carriage on the pipeline, the axis of the pipeline and the longitudinal axis of the carriage are parallel, respectively, the movement of the carriage is possible along its longitudinal axis.

Thus, for a carriage, convergence characterizes the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the direction of movement, that is, between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the longitudinal axis of the carriage. On the carriage, each wheel with the plane of rotation is installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carriage.

The wheels on the carriage are installed by planes of rotation in three longitudinal rows (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carriage), a total of 12 wheels.

Each row is formed by four wheels, the axes of which are in the same plane, parallel to each other.

The central row of wheels is located along the axis of the carriage, at sixty degrees along the arc. That is, the central row of wheels divides the arc in half. The wheels of each single row are mounted by planes of rotation in one plane, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carriage.

Carriage track.

Track, in transport, is the transverse distance between the extreme edges of the wheels of the vehicle.

For a carriage, the reference surface is the surface of the pipe (pipeline) in the longitudinal direction.

A pipe (pipeline) in cross section is a circle.

When placed on a pipe (on a pipeline), the carriage breaks this circle into arcs with wheels. Each wheel of the carriage occupies its position with the plane of rotation perpendicular to the arc of the circle (if exactly, then perpendicular to the tangent to the circle).

Also, when placed on a pipe (on a pipeline), each carriage wheel occupies its position in such a way that the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheel and the shortest segment, limited by two points, one of which is located on the axis of the pipe (pipeline), the other in the center of the wheel is equal to zero . Thus, for a carriage, track (maximum) is the transverse distance along an arc related to the supporting surface, between the outermost wheels.

An arc is one of two subsets of a circle into which it is divided by any two different points belonging to it. Any two points on a circle divide it into two parts; each of these parts is called an arc.

Arcs can be measured in angular units. Arcs equal in central angles are not necessarily equal in length and are directly proportional to the radius of the circle. They are equal only if the radii of the circles are equal.

The length of the arc L of a circle of radius R can be calculated by the formula:

L=πRa°/180°,

where α° is the central angle in degrees (the angle between the planes of rotation of the extreme wheels), R is the radius of the circle (cross-section of the pipe, buried pipeline).

For example, when: α°=80 degrees, R=700 mm,

arc length L will be equal to 976.89 mm (or L=1.4×R), which is the track of the carriage.

Circumference:

С=2πR=πD

С=2⋅3.14⋅700 mm=4396 mm. 4396 mm/976.89=4.5.

Thus, the arc that satisfies the conditions of stable placement of the carriage with wheels on the pipe, the operability of the carriage and the entire device as a whole, can be equal to 80 degrees or 4.5 times shorter than the circumference (cross-section of the pipe).

Other values for the central angle (for the angle between the planes of rotation of the outer wheels) are also possible, which are preferably chosen in the range from 60 to 120 degrees. At each value, the central row of wheels by the plane of rotation of the wheels can divide the central angle into equal angles.

A carriage with more than three longitudinal rows of wheels is also possible. In such cases, equal angles between the planes are possible, or angles at which a uniform distribution of the weight of the carriage is ensured.

Dependencies.

Wheels are mounted on the frame in three rows arranged longitudinally, that is, in three tracks.

The transverse distance (track) along the arc along the extreme rows is 80 degrees. The transverse distance (track) along the arc in adjacent rows is 40 degrees.

Accordingly, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of another, extreme row is 80 degrees.

The angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of another, neighboring row is 40 degrees.

Pipe radius (buried pipeline): R=700 mm.

Wheel radius: r=343 mm; wheel diameter: d=686 mm.

The wheel is defined by the diameter as this determines the maximum clearance and is therefore the limiting factor in relation to the issue of space occupied in the mechanism.

Distance from the center of the pipe (from the pipeline axis) to the wheel axis: L=700 mm+343 mm=1043 mm.

Each carriage wheel is made with a diameter equal to: 0.98 of the radius of the pipe (pipeline), i.e. 0.98×R or 98% of the pipe radius.

Also, the carriage will work when the wheel size is 60-120% of the pipe radius.

It should be taken into account that at constant distances along the arc between the centers of the wheels, the size of the track of the carriage depends on the diameter of the wheels. So an increase in the diameter of each wheel will lead to a decrease in the track, and vice versa, a decrease in the diameter of each wheel will lead to an increase in the track.

Provided that on each theoretical axis, the angle between the planes of rotation of the extreme wheels is 80 degrees, the wheels are made with the same diameter, which is equal to 686 mm, the axis of each wheel is 1043 mm away from the axis of the pipeline, the arc length L = 976.89 mm, which is the track of the carriage on the extreme wheels.

where alpha is the central angle.

Accordingly, provided that the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other, extreme row is 80 degrees, the wheels are made with the same diameter, which is equal to 686 mm, the axis of each wheel is 1043 mm away from the axis of the pipeline, the length of the arc L=976.89 mm, which is the gauge of the carriage along the extreme rows of wheels.

The choice of such parameters for the carriage provides it with the possibility of stable placement on a pipe (on a pipeline) with a radius of 700 mm.

Thus, the diameter of the carriage wheel can be calculated from the radius of the pipeline (placement surface), and in this case is 98% of its radius.

The carriage can be designed to be placed on a pipe (on a pipeline) of any diameter.

With known dimensions of the pipe (pipeline) and wheel, the distance between the center of the pipe and the center of the wheel (between the axes of the pipe and wheel) is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe and wheel.

On every single theoretical axle, the center of each wheel is on an arc.

Between wheel centres, arc distances (arc length) can be calculated using the formula L=πRα°/180°.

Accordingly, the length of the arc J (length of the theoretical axis of the carriage) J=π⋅(R pipes + r wheels)⋅α°/180°,

where R of the pipe is the radius of the pipe on which the carriage is to be placed, r is the radius of the carriage wheel, α° is the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels.

Thus, the carriage contains a frame that has a transverse profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle, namely, it corresponds to an arc equal to 120 degrees, the number of spars installed in parallel is four, the distance along the arc between adjacent spars is 40 degrees,

12 wheels are installed on the frame between the spars, in three rows arranged longitudinally, each row has four wheels, the central row of wheels is located along the longitudinal axis of the carriage, in each row the wheels are in the same plane with the planes of rotation, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other, extreme row is 80 degrees, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other, adjacent row is 40 degrees,

the wheels are mounted on four theoretical axles that are in parallel planes, while each theoretical axle is formed by three axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of 12 wheels,

each axis of each theoretical axle is located on a tangent to the arc on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axle are located,

this arc is part of a circle whose radius is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe on which the carriage and carriage wheels are to be placed,

on each theoretical axle, each distance along the arc between the centers of the wheels can be calculated by the formula: π⋅(R pipes + r wheels) ⋅ α°/180°,

where: R of the pipe is the radius of the pipe on which the carriage is to be placed, r is the radius of the carriage wheel, α° is the angle between the planes of rotation of the wheels of the theoretical axis.

π is a mathematical constant equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, π=3.14159.

At the same time, the following set of features will be sufficient for the operation of the carriage as intended:

the frame has a transverse profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle,

wheels are installed on the frame between the spars in rows arranged longitudinally,

in each row of the wheel, the planes of rotation are in the same plane,

the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of another, the extreme row can be selected in the range from 60 degrees to 120 degrees,

the wheels are mounted on theoretical axes that are in parallel planes,

each theoretical axle is formed by axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of the wheels,

each axis of each theoretical axle is located on a tangent to the arc on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axle are located,

this arc is part of a circle whose radius is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe on which the carriage and carriage wheels are to be placed,

on each theoretical axle, each distance along the arc between the centers of the wheels can be calculated by the formula: π⋅(R pipes + r wheels) ⋅ α°/180°,

where: R of the pipe is the radius of the pipe on which the carriage is to be placed, r is the radius of the carriage wheel, α° is the angle between the planes of rotation of the wheels of the theoretical axis, in degrees.

Wheel base of the carriage.

The wheelbase in vehicles is the horizontal distance between the axles of the front and rear wheels.

For vehicles with three or more axles, this distance can be defined as the axle distance of two consecutive axles on the same side of the vehicle.

Wheelbase (maximum) - the horizontal distance between the axle of the front wheels and the axle of the rear wheels.

For a carriage with four axles, the wheelbase can be defined as the distance between the axles of the front and rear wheels (outer axles), and as the distance between adjacent axles.

Wheelbase - the distance between the axle of the front wheels and the axle of the rear wheels (between the extreme axles of the carriage) is 4000 mm.

Distances between adjacent carriage axles (wheelbases):

between the axis of the first and the axis of the second is 1100 mm;

between the second axis and the third axis is 1800 mm;

between the third axis and the fourth axis is 1100 mm.

Other values for the distances between the axles are also possible, i.e. various options for the execution of the carriage on the wheelbase are possible.

Wheelbase and track.

The wheelbase of the carriage can be calculated along the theoretical axes. Each theoretical axis of the four is formed by three sections (removable axes) located in the same plane.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the extreme axles, one of which is the first, the other the fourth, to the gauge (base / track):

4000mm/976.89mm=4.095.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the axes of the first and second to the gauge (base / track): 1100 mm / 976.89 mm = 1.126.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the axes of the second and third to the gauge (base / track): 1800 mm / 976.89 mm = 1.84.

The ratio of the wheelbase along the third and fourth axes to the gauge (base / track): 1100 mm / 976.89 mm = 1.126.

If we compare the track with the wheelbase, then it is not advisable to make the track more than a certain value. So, it is desirable that the ratio of the track to the wheelbase (base / track) be not less than 1.5.

The higher the base/track ratio, the more stable the carriage. A carriage with a large base is more stable on the placement surface (on the pipeline) even under adverse conditions (eg slippery surface). The long base carriage is less susceptible to small irregularities in the placement surface (pipeline). Thus, the maximum ratio of gauge to wheelbase (base/track) may be limited by the geometry of the placement surface (pipeline), and preferably not more than 6.

The wider the track, the more stable the carriage in tight turns, i.e. at small radii of curvature of the buried pipeline. However, if the carriage is wide, but short, then if it hits a section of the pipeline with poor adhesion, the carriage may simply fly off the pipeline.

Also, the bottom bracket may have a difference in track width, such as a difference in front track and rear track.

Wheels.

The carriage is equipped with twelve wheels 6. Each wheel contains a 12-inch disc and a tire mounted on the disc rim, i.e. is a rubberized roller. The dimension of the rims, and accordingly, the wheels, does not matter, and is limited only by the dimensions of the frame.

Tires are used in size 7.00-12 designed for installation on cars and special equipment with 12-inch rims. Tires for special equipment include those used on construction, mining, quarry equipment, truck cranes, container ships, loaders, excavators, etc.

There are several types of tires 7.00-12 sizes in design.

Pneumatic. These tires are suitable for use on medium quality surfaces.

Solid. The tire is made of three sections, has a rigid base, a shock-absorbing filler and an outer layer with a cord. They are characterized by increased wear resistance and strength, resistance to mechanical damage. Solid tires are better for use on flat surfaces. The soot-free variety of such tires is designed for use in rooms with increased hygienic requirements.

Bandage. Suitable for conditions with an increased risk of mechanical damage, cuts and punctures. The basis of the tire is a steel bandage, on which a thin layer of shock-absorbing material and a tread are fixed.

One of the important parameters of any tires for special equipment is the ply rate - the number of cord layers in the structure.

The more layers of cord, the higher the strength, wear resistance and load capacity of the tire. Tires in size 7.00-12 have a ply rating of 10-12 PR. Practice has shown that this is quite enough for their normal operation in various conditions. For work with increased loads, it is advisable to select rubber with a parameter of 14-16PR.

Tread pattern.

For operation on hard surfaces, including the surface of the pipeline, a tread pattern consisting of large blocks is preferable. For most cases, this is a pattern of the "interrupted wave" type. A tread with such a pattern increases the contact patch of the tire with the placement surface. The result is even load distribution, more grip, more stable handling and a smoother ride. Solid tread blocks are less prone to tearing under torsional loads. If the carriage is expected to operate mainly on soft surfaces, then tires with a more pronounced and deep tread are preferable.

The utility model uses solid tires.

A solid tire is a one-piece product made from two layers of rubber.

The tread layer is a mixture of rubber based on natural rubber, which has high wear resistance. Landing layer - the strong reinforced rubber mix. The sidewalls of the tire are reinforced with cord fabric and have edges for additional protection of the disc rim from mechanical damage. A solid tire can be easily mounted on both a standard collapsible rim and a three-piece welded rim, and will not require special attention throughout the entire service life. The welded disc can be mounted with a bar both in a standard version and a bar with a lock.

In order for the carriage to function as intended, depending on the conditions of use, the wheel may have any of the described or similar designs.

Wheel hubs.

Each wheel is mounted with the possibility of free rotation on its fixed axle. The central part of the wheel is the hub, which is designed to fit onto the shaft (on the axle), i.e. the hub serves to connect the rim (wheel) and the shaft (axle).

Part of the support that supports the wheel hub, and accordingly, the wheel itself on the shaft is a bearing. The bearing fixes the position of the wheel in space, provides rotation, rolling with the least resistance, perceives and transfers the load from the movable unit (from the wheel) to other parts of the carriage.

In the utility model, two rolling bearings are used for each wheel. Each of them is a ball radial single row. It is possible to use other types of bearings, and it is also possible in a different quantity.

Including, characterized by the type of rolling elements: ball; roller (also, needle); by type of perceived load: radial; radial-thrust; stubbornly radial; according to the number of rows of rolling elements: single row; double row; multi-row; self-aligning; non-self-aligning; according to the material of the rolling elements: all steel; hybrid (steel rings, non-metallic rolling elements, as a rule, ceramic).

Plain bearings can also be used. In this case, friction occurs when the mating surfaces slide. Lubrication is one of the main conditions for the reliable operation of the bearing and provides separation of moving parts, low friction, heat dissipation, and protection from harmful environmental influences.

In this case, the lubricant can be liquid (mineral and synthetic oils, water for non-metallic bearings), plastic, solid (graphite, molybdenum disulfide), etc.

Each hub is made closed, with the possibility of disassembly, and assembly, with the possibility of repair. To do this, the hub has end caps that provide it with tightness, one for each end. To increase the tightness, annular sealing cuffs (glands) can be used. Covers are bolted on. The bearings in the hub are installed with the possibility of simple replacement.

In order for the carriage to function as intended, the wheel hub may have any of the constructions described or similar. The presence of a bearing or bearings is not required.

The material for the hubs can be low-carbon steel of the C245 type or its analogues of steel VSt3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3.

Pipelines.

Pipelines 8 and 9 are installed on the carriage. One pipeline 8 is designed to function as an injection pipeline, for a fluid medium, the other 9 as a suction pipeline, for soil, for pulp.

Pipeline 8, smaller diameter, forcing. It is intended for transportation and forcing of liquid.

The pipeline 8 (injection) is bifurcated in the middle part, and each of the two lower parts is also bifurcated. Thus, conduit 8 has one hole at the top, in the top branch pipe, to function as an inlet, and four holes at the bottom, to function as an outlet.

Pipeline 8 contains sections (pipes). To simplify understanding, position 8 is divided into positions corresponding to sections (pipes) of the pipeline.

Sections (pipes): 8.1 - l-shaped, upper; 8.2 - forked section; 8.3 - two identical sections; 8.4 - two identical sections; 8.5 - two identical sections; 8.6 - two identical sections; 8.7 - two identical forked sections, lower.

For connection to the pipeline, each section has flanges, while each lower section has a flange from one end. The connection is provided with the help of bolts and nuts, which provides the pipeline with the possibility of easy disassembly and assembly.

The ratio of the diameter of the inlet hole to the sum of the diameters of the outlet holes: 325/(159×4)=0.511. Thus, the fluid pressure at the outlet is 1.96 times less than at the inlet. In this case, the device will function effectively even at a ratio selected in the range of 0.38-0.65.

The material for the pipeline can be mild steel of the C245 type or its analogues, steels VSt3ps6, VSt3ps6-1.18ps, K02702, S235J2G3.

NOZZLE forcing. Qty 4.

Nozzles 10 (Fig. 11, Fig. 12) can be installed on the lower outlets (on the branch pipes), one nozzle on each outlet. Each nozzle is a piece of pipe, the end of which has an oblique cut, made at an angle of 45 degrees to the pipe wall. Also, effective functioning is possible at an angle selected from 30 to 60 degrees. Each nozzle provides its nozzle with the possibility of configuration. Each nozzle is installed with the possibility of adjustment, namely: with the possibility of rotation around the axis, with the possibility of moving along the axis, with the possibility of fixing in the required position.

The material for the nozzles can be mild steel of the C245 type or its analogues, steels VSt3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3. Pipeline 9, larger diameter, suction. Designed for suction, transportation of soil in the form of pulp.

The pipeline 9 (suction) in the middle and lower parts is made bifurcated. Thus, conduit 9 has one opening at the top to function as an outlet, and two openings at the bottom, one in each nozzle, to function as inlets.

The pipeline 9 contains sections (pipes). To simplify understanding, position 9 is divided into positions corresponding to sections (nozzles) of the pipeline.

Sections (pipes): 9.1 - r-shaped, upper; 9.2 - forked section; 9.3 - two identical sections, lower.

For connection to the pipeline, each section has flanges, while each lower section has one end. The connection is provided with the help of bolts and nuts, which provides the pipeline with the possibility of easy disassembly and assembly.

Each lower branch pipe (9.3) on the lower end may have an oblique cut, made at an angle, preferably 20-70 degrees.

The ratio of the sum of the diameters of two inlet holes to the diameter of the outlet hole: (426⋅2)/630=1.35. The liquid outlet pressure is 1.35 times greater than the inlet pressure. The device will function effectively enough and at a ratio selected in the range of 1-1.8.

The material for the lower pipes is C345 steel, it is possible to use its analogues, steels Gr.50 type1-4, SM490, S355J2, S355JR, S355J0, 16Mn, 2132.

The material for the pipeline can be low-carbon steel type C245 or its analogues, steel VSt3ps6, VSt3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3. NOZZLE suction. Qty 2.

Nozzles 11 (Fig. 13, Fig. 14) can be installed on the lower outlets (on the branch pipes), one nozzle on each outlet. Each nozzle is a pipe section, the open end of which has an oblique cut, made at an angle of 45 degrees to the wall of the pipe section. Each nozzle provides its nozzle with the possibility of configuration. Each nozzle is installed with the possibility of adjustment, namely with the possibility of rotation around the axis, with the possibility of moving along the axis, with the possibility of fixing in the required position.

The material for the suction nozzles can be mild steel of type C245 or its analogues of steel Vst3ps6, Vst3ps6-1.18ps, K02702, S235J2G3, but it is preferable to use high-strength steel C345, or its analogues of steel Gr.50 type1-4, SM490, S355J2, S355JR, S355J0.16Mn, 2132.

A jumper 12 is installed on the suction pipeline between the outlets, made of a round pipe, preferably of C245 steel, or its equivalent. With taps, the jumper is connected by semi-automatic welding in a protective gas environment. The jumper gives rigidity to the structure, and is also used to fasten pipelines to the carriage. For alignment, to limit the possibility of moving the pipeline on the carriage along the axis of the jumper, the latter is equipped with collars.

The location of pipelines relative to each other and on the carriage.

The discharge pipeline 8 is rigidly fixed to the suction pipeline 9 by means of four brackets 13 by semi-automatic welding in a shielding gas.

To fasten the pipelines on the carriage, a jumper 12 is used, installed between the outlets on the suction pipeline 9. On the carriage, the pipelines are fixed with the possibility of inclination to the longitudinal axis of the carriage and fixation in the required position. On the frame, and accordingly, on the carriage, any equipment, pipelines can be installed and fixed anywhere, including on the transverse axis of the frame.

In the utility model for fastening pipelines, on the frame there are specially designed supports for platform 5 (Fig. 17) and means for fastening pipelines to these platforms (Fig. 18), for example, brackets, clamps, etc. Fastening pipelines carried out by placing and fixing the jumper 12 between each platform 5 and each bracket. Namely, two platforms 5 are installed on the transverse axis of the frame, in the same plane. The platforms are fixed on the spars, namely, on their central sections, which are located between the frame crossbars, one of which is installed on one side of the transverse axis of the frame, the other on the other side of the transverse axis of the frame. Also, these platforms can be used for mounting pipelines of other structures on them or for mounting other equipment. Platforms are installed on the frame by means of semi-automatic welding in a protective gas environment.

The material for the platforms can be low-carbon steel of the C245 type or its analogues of steel VSt3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3. The design of pipelines, the design of the carriage, as well as their position in a single device, provide the utility model as a mechanical system with a stable equilibrium position on the object of placement (on the pipe), since the center of gravity of such a system occupies the lowest possible position.

To simplify the installation technology, for convenience, to reduce the time to perform work on the connection with the liquid supply and pulp discharge pipelines, the upper ends of the pipelines 8 and 9 can be installed in parallel planes, with an offset sufficient for installation work. For example, with an offset of 180-250 mm.

Flanges.

For connection with the inlet and outlet lines, each pipeline, namely the upper end of each pipeline, can be equipped with a flange 14. The upper (mounting) flanges 14 of the pipelines can be located in parallel planes, with an offset.

For each pipeline (8 and 9): bolted flange connections can be used to connect individual sections (pipes) of the pipeline into a whole pipeline.

Each flange 14 is a flat, round piece with bolt holes. Flanges serve for strong and hermetic connection of sections of pipelines (flanged connections on bolts). Flanges can be made in round, square or other shapes.

In pipelines, flanges are used in pairs (as a set). The execution of flanges can be carried out in accordance with GOST 33259-2015, and depends on the working pressure for which the flange or flange connection is calculated, and on the medium being transported.

Versions: B - with a connecting ledge, E - with a ledge, F - with a cavity, C - with a spike, D - with a groove, K - for a lens gasket, J - for an oval gasket, L - with a spike for a PTFE gasket, M - with a groove for a PTFE gasket.

Various types of flanges can be used: steel flat welded (type 01); steel flat loose on the welded ring (type 02); flanges steel flat on flanging (type 03); steel flat loose clamps for welding (type 04); butt-welded steel (collar flanges) (type 11); valve body flanges (type 21).

Flanges can be made from hot-rolled sheet metal, steel type C245 or its analogues, steel Vst3ps6, Vst3ps6-1, 18ps, K02702, S235J2G3.

To facilitate positioning, for more accurate positioning of the utility model on the placement surface (on the pipe), each pipeline, namely, each lower branch (pipe) of the discharge pipeline and each lower branch of the suction pipeline, can be equipped with a bumper 15. The bumper 15 is a sleeve made from rubber, it is possible to use other polymeric materials. Also, each bumper acts as a shock absorber. On each bend, each bumper is installed with the possibility of moving along the axis of the bend and fixing in the required position, at the required height due to the tight fit.

Anti-corrosion protection.

To increase the reliability and durability of the utility model, its metal elements are subjected to anti-corrosion protection. Protection of structures against corrosion is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 28.13330.2012 “Protection of building structures against corrosion. Updated version of SNiP 2.03.11-85” and SNiP 3.04.03-85 “Protection of building structures and facilities against corrosion”.

Before applying protective coatings, the surfaces of steel structures were cleaned to the third degree in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.402-2004. The places where site welding was carried out were previously cleaned of slag and additionally primed and painted at the site.

Functioning.

The replanting of the pipeline to the design levels using the utility model can be carried out using any watercraft, for example, using a ship, barge, etc. Also, any other traction device can be used to move the utility model, for example, a winch on the shore or a winch on the bottom. A cable or chain is used to connect to a tugboat or other traction device.

To test the utility model, a platform with an 8-point positioning system was used. Pipeline replanting is possible after removal of the soil above the pipeline and preliminary measurements of the bottom. Moving the platform and laying out anchors is possible, for example, with the help of an anchor handling tug. The positioning of the platform at a given point is carried out using papillon winches and ship's positioning system. Transportation, dumping of the developed soil is carried out using a pipe (pulp pipeline) to dump the pulp into an underwater dump through a dumping device or into a dredger scow. Water is used as the carrier fluid.

The utility model is placed by a carriage on the surface of the pipeline, along its axis. The profile of the carriage allows it to be stably placed on a cylindrical surface in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the carriage and the axis of the pipeline are parallel. The cylindrical surface of the pipeline is used as a guide to move the carriage along the axis of the pipeline.

Pipeline 8, smaller diameter, forcing. It is connected via a floating pipeline to a pump on a ship or to a pump on land.

The injection pipeline is intended for transportation and injection of liquid through the nozzles installed on it in order to wash out the soil under the object at the bottom, namely under the pipeline lying on the bottom.

Pipeline 9, larger diameter, suction. Designed for suction, transportation of soil in the form of pulp. By means of a floating pipeline (pulp pipeline) it is connected to a place, a capacity for pulp discharge.

Works on testing the utility model were carried out at sea, at depths with an isobath of 10 meters. Five penetrations were carried out (4 penetrations on one alignment and 1 penetration on the side of the new alignment). The length of each of the four penetrations was 100 meters (the length of the additional penetration was 37 meters). For each penetration, its own configuration of the location of the hydraulic jet nozzles was chosen, and its own time for passing the section was also chosen. The device was also tested without nozzles.

Penetration 1, (Fig. 19).

Nozzle configuration: each nose nozzle is directed at an angle of 45 degrees inward; each feed nozzle is directed at an angle of 135 degrees towards the curb.

The height of the device above the ground is 0.5 m. The speed is 0.5 m/10 sec, erosion 80%, sampling 80%, driving time 35-40 min.

Conclusion: as a result of erosion, due to their different location in height and in different directions, "bumps" are formed along the axis of the passing tack. The width of the formed erosion (trench) is up to 12 m.

Penetration 2, (Fig. 20).

Nozzle configuration: each nose nozzle is directed at an angle of 90 degrees inward; each feed nozzle is directed at an angle of 90 degrees inward.

The height of the device above the ground is 0.5 m. The speed is 0.5 m / 30 sec, erosion 80%, sampling 70%, penetration time 1 h 50 min.

Conclusion: there was a significant deepening of the developed trench, but part of the soil was not sucked up by the soil intake, but was blown onto the edge, where it settled. The washout width is up to 8 m.

Penetration 3, (Fig. 21).

Nozzle configuration: each nose nozzle is directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the outside; each feed nozzle is directed at an angle of 135 degrees to the outside. Height of the device above the ground = 0.5-0.7 m. Speed 0.5 m/50 sec, erosion 70%, sampling 70%, penetration time 3 hours.

Conclusion: Occurred by erosion of the side walls of the trench. As a result, a central “hillock” was formed (washed). There was also an expansion of the trench. The width of the upper base is 13-14 m. The width of the lower base is 7-8 m.

Penetration 4 (Fig. 22).

Nozzle configuration: each nose nozzle is directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the inside; each feed nozzle is directed at 135 degrees inward. The height of the device above the ground is 0.6 m. Speed 0.5 m/90 sec, erosion 80%, sampling 70%, penetration time 5 hours.

Conclusion: The choice of this nozzle configuration proved to be the most effective. As a result of the dredging, the central "bump" left from the previous dredging was cut off. A trench has been formed with a depth of 1 to 2.2 meters, the width of the base along the top is 13-14 meters. On the lower base - 4-5 meters. Penetration 5 (Fig. 23).

The work on the 5th passage was carried out on a new tack (the same section), on virgin soil. The section length is 37 m. The nozzle configuration is the same as in penetration 4.

Nozzle configuration: each nose nozzle is directed at an angle of 45 degrees to the inside; each feed nozzle is directed at an angle of 135 degrees inward. Carriage height 0.3 m.

Speed 0.5 m/3 min, washout 80%, haul out 80%, penetration time 3.5 hours.

Conclusion:

The choice of this configuration on soft soils with small inclusions of clay made it possible to achieve a trench with a width of 12 meters along the upper base, and 5-7 meters along the lower base. The depth of the trench is 0.5-1.5 meters.

Thus, the choice of the configuration of "nozzles" and the penetration time depend on the task, on the structure of the soil, and on other factors. Tests of the utility model without nozzles showed average results. It is also possible to use combined options for penetrations.

Claims (45)

1. The head of the dredger containing the carriage, which is a frame equipped with wheels, with pipelines installed on it, characterized in that the frame has a transverse profile corresponding to an arc with a length less than a semicircle, for this the frame contains parallel-mounted spars connected by transverse arcuate elements installed in parallel each other, in parallel planes, wheels are installed on the frame between the spars, in rows located longitudinally, in each row of wheels the planes of rotation are in the same plane, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other extreme row is 60-120 degrees , the wheels are mounted on theoretical axles that are in parallel planes, each theoretical axle is formed by axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of the wheels, each axle of each theoretical axle is located on a tangent to the arc on which the centers of the wheels of each one theoretical axis, this arc is part of a circle, the radius of which is equal to the sum of the radii of the pipe on which the carriage and carriage wheels are to be placed, on each theoretical axis, each distance along the arc between the centers of the wheels is:

where: Rτ is the radius of the pipe on which the carriage is to be placed, mm; r is the radius of the carriage wheel, mm; α - angle between the planes of rotation of the wheels of the theoretical axis, °; π is a mathematical constant equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. 2. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse profile of the frame corresponds to an arc equal to 120 degrees, the number of spars installed in parallel is four, the distance along the arc between adjacent spars is 40 degrees, 12 wheels are installed on the frame between the spars in three rows , located longitudinally, there are four wheels in each row, the central row of wheels is located along the longitudinal axis of the carriage, in each row the wheels with the planes of rotation are in the same plane, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one extreme row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of the other extreme row is 80 degrees, the angle between the plane of rotation of the wheels of one row and the plane of rotation of the wheels of another adjacent row is 40 degrees, the wheels are mounted on four theoretical axes that are in parallel planes, while each theoretical axis is formed by three axles located in the same plane, each of which has one of 12 wheels. 3. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame contains six transverse arcuate elements, of which four transverse arcuate elements support the spars from below, while two of them are located on one side of the transverse axis of the frame, the other two are located on the other side from the transverse axis of the frame, and two transverse arcuate elements support the spars from above, while one of them is installed in the plane of location of one extreme lower transverse arcuate element, the other is installed in the plane of location of the other extreme lower transverse arcuate element. 4. The head of the dredger according to claim 3, characterized in that the transverse arcuate elements located on one side of the transverse axis of the frame, and the transverse arcuate elements located on the other side of the transverse axis of the frame, are equidistant from the transverse axis of the frame. 5. The head of the dredger according to claim 2, characterized in that the ratio of the wheelbase along the extreme axes, one of which is the first, the other is the fourth, to the gauge is 1.5-6. 6. The dredger head according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the wheelbase along the extreme axes to the gauge is 4.095, the ratio of the wheelbase along the axes of the first and second to the gauge is 1.126, the ratio of the wheelbase along the axes of the second and third to the gauge is 1.84, the ratio of the wheelbase along the third and fourth axes to the gauge is 1.126. 7. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipelines are mounted on the frame with the possibility of removal, with the possibility of installation, and relative to the frame, the pipelines are installed with the possibility of changing the position according to the angle of inclination. 8. The head of the dredger according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the pipelines on the frame are installed on its transverse axis in the same plane by means of platforms specially designed for this. 9. Dredger head according to claim 8, characterized in that the platforms are made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. 10. Dredger head according to claim 9, characterized in that the platforms are made of C245 steel. 11. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that two pipelines of different diameters are installed on the frame, one of them is of a smaller diameter, injecting, the other, of a larger diameter, is suction, the pipelines are installed with their upper ends in parallel planes, each pipeline, namely the upper end of each pipeline is provided with a flange. 12. The head of the dredger according to claim 11, characterized in that one pipeline, forcing, contains branch pipes connected by flanges on bolts, has one hole in the upper branch pipe for functioning as an inlet, in the middle part it is made bifurcated, each of the two lower parts is also made bifurcated into nozzles, in the lower part there are four holes, one in each lower nozzle for functioning as outlets. 13. The head of the dredger according to claim 12, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the inlet to the sum of the diameters of the outlets is 0.38-0.65. 14. The head of the dredger according to claim 12, characterized in that the injection pipeline is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. 15. Dredger head according to claim 14, characterized in that the injection pipeline is made of C245 steel. 16. The head of the dredger according to claim 11, characterized in that the other suction pipeline contains pipes connected by flanges on bolts, has one hole in the upper pipe for functioning as an outlet, in the middle and lower parts it is bifurcated into pipes, in the lower part there are two holes, one in each lower spigot, to function as inlets. 17. The head of the dredger according to claim 16, characterized in that the ratio of the sum of the diameters of the inlets to the diameter of the outlet is 1-1.8. 18. The head of the dredger according to claim 16, characterized in that the suction pipeline is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. 19. The head of the dredger according to claim 18, characterized in that the suction pipeline, with the exception of the lower pipes, is made of C245 steel, and its lower pipes are made of C345 steel. 20. The head of the dredger according to claim 12 or 16, characterized in that nozzles are installed on the lower nozzles of the injection pipeline, on the lower nozzles of the suction pipeline, there is one nozzle on each nozzle, and each nozzle is a pipe segment, the open end of which has an oblique a cut made at an angle of 30-60 degrees to the wall of the pipe section, each nozzle is installed with the possibility of adjustment, namely with the possibility of rotation around the axis, with the possibility of moving along the axis, with the possibility of fixing in the required position. 21. The head of the dredger according to claim 20, characterized in that the nozzles are made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. 22. The head of the dredger according to claim 21, characterized in that each nozzle installed on the injection pipeline is made of C245 steel. 23. The head of the dredger according to claim 21, characterized in that each nozzle mounted on the suction pipe is made of C345 steel. 24. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each spar is made of a steel closed rectangular profile intended for building structures. 25. The head of the dredger according to claim 24, characterized in that each spar is made of a profile made of sheet metal, of C245 steel, each profile is sealed by connecting into a closed section and welding the slots with solid seams. 26. The head of the dredger according to claim 25, characterized in that each spar is made of a profile with a section of 140 mm by 140 mm, a wall thickness of 8 mm. 27. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each transverse arc-shaped element is made of a steel closed rectangular profile intended for building structures. 28. The head of the dredger according to claim 27, characterized in that each transverse arcuate element is made of a profile made of sheet metal, of C245 steel, each profile is sealed by connecting into a closed section and welding the slots with solid seams. 29. The head of the dredger according to claim 28, characterized in that each transverse arc-shaped element is made of a profile with a section of 140 mm by 140 mm, a wall thickness of 8 mm. 30. The head of the dredger according to any one of paragraphs. 24, or 27, or 29, characterized in that the spars and transverse arcuate elements are connected by welding, the platforms are installed on the frame by welding. 31. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each wheel is mounted on its own axle, specially designed for it, the wheels on the axles are mounted on the frame to ensure uniform weight distribution on the axles of the carriage, each axle is installed with the possibility of removal, with the possibility of installation . 32. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each wheel has a hub, which is made closed, airtight, with the possibility of disassembly, with the possibility of assembly, from steel intended for the manufacture of building structures, part of the support that supports the wheel hub, and accordingly , the wheel itself on the axle is a bearing. 33. Dredger head according to claim 32, characterized in that the hubs are made of C245 steel. 34. The head of the dredger according to claim 32, characterized in that for each wheel the bearing is represented by two closed radial ball bearings. 35. Dredger head according to claim 1, characterized in that each axle is made of steel intended for the manufacture of building structures. 36. Dredger head according to claim 35, characterized in that each axle is made of C245 steel. 37. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each wheel contains a disk and a tire containing rubber mounted on it. 38. The dredger head according to claim 37, characterized in that the tires are solid, each of them has a tread pattern consisting of large blocks. 39. The head of the dredger according to any one of paragraphs. 9, 14, 18, 21, 24, 27, 32, 35, characterized in that each metal element is subjected to anti-corrosion protection. 40. The head of the dredger according to claim 1, characterized in that each pipeline in its lower part is equipped with a means that makes it possible to act as a means of shock absorption and provides the possibility of more accurate positioning on the subject of placement, while each such means is a sleeve made of rubber .

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