RU214268U1 - VACUUM SWEEPER STEERING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering, namely to hydraulic steering systems of vehicles, mainly machines for public utilities.

The task is to simplify the design of the steering system of a vacuum sweeper with an improvement in its speed and a decrease in the consumption of the working fluid.

In the steering system of the vacuum sweeper (1) (Fig. 3), containing the steered wheels (2, 3) of its front and rear axles, the steering column (4), mechanically connected to the metering pump (26) of the volumetric hydraulic drive ( 5), which also includes a hydraulic tank (14), a hydraulic pump (20) in communication with a priority valve (25), two hydraulic distributors (27, 28), one of which (28) is in communication with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) for turning the wheels (3) the rear axle of the vacuum sweeper (1), and with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) for turning the wheels (2) of its front axle, and one of the hydraulic distributors is made in two sections, one of the sections of which is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12 ) wheels (3) of the rear axle of the machine, there are distinctive features: hydraulic distributors (27, 28) of the volumetric hydraulic drive (5) are not directly connected to each other, and the same sections (29, 30) of one of them (28) with two electromagnets (31) are used -34) n and each, moreover, one of its sections (29) is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the front axle (2), and the other section (30) is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the rear axle (3) of the vacuum sweeper (1 ). Additional distinctive features are also given that increase the efficiency of using the system according to the utility model.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of transport engineering, namely to hydraulic steering systems of vehicles, mainly machines for public utilities.

A known steering system of a communal machine [1, Patent RU 24626 U1, IPC A47L 11/24, priority 26.02.2002, publ. 08/20/2002], which includes a hydraulic pump connected through a metering pump mounted on the steering column shaft, with a hydraulic motor connected to a worm, which is associated with a cylindrical helical wheel located on the vertical shaft of the machine's running wheel, and the teeth of the worm and cylindrical helical the wheels have the same slope.

However, the effectiveness of such a system is insufficient to provide increased maneuverability and maneuverability of the communal vehicle.

More effective in this regard, the steering system of the utility vehicle [2, Patent RU 24626 U1, IPC A47L 11/24, priority 26.02.2002, publ. 08/20/2002], containing the steered wheels of the front and rear axles of the communal machine, its steering column, mechanically connected to the volumetric hydraulic dosing pump, which also includes a hydraulic tank, a dual gear hydraulic pump communicated with a priority valve, two hydraulic distributors that are interconnected directly and with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder for turning the wheels of the rear axle of the communal machine, which is kinematically connected with its front steered wheels, and with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder for turning the wheels of the front axle of the communal machine, which is kinematically connected with its rear steered wheels, and one of the hydraulic distributors is made in two sections, one of sections of which is equipped with two brake valves communicated with its rod end of the hydraulic cylinder for turning the wheels of the rear axle of the communal machine to adjust the position of these wheels from the signal of their neutral position sensor installed in the rear axle.

In such a hydraulic drive, the metering pump has valves that regulate the fluid pressure in the volumetric hydraulic drive, and takes the working fluid through the priority outlet in the amount necessary to turn the said wheels.

The dual gear hydraulic pump is equipped with sections with the direction of the working fluid to the priority valve, which supplies the working fluid to its priority outlet at the time of turning the steering wheel and to the non-priority outlet of this pump in other cases.

However, the disadvantage of such a system according to the prototype [2] is the complexity of its design due to the use of kinematic connections between the hydraulic cylinder for turning the steered wheels of the rear axle with the steered wheels of the front axle, and also between the hydraulic cylinder for turning the steered wheels of the front axle with the steered wheels of the rear axle, as well as from - due to the use of direct communication between two hydraulic distributors and the implementation of a section of one of them with the function of adjusting the position of its wheels in the form of two brake valves, as well as due to the use of the neutral position sensor of its wheels installed in the rear axle and the implementation of the hydraulic pump as a double gear.

In addition, such a configuration of the listed elements and the connections between them according to the first drawback also has a negative effect on the response time of the system and the flow rate of the working fluid.

Because such machines with a system according to the prototype [2] will maneuver relatively slowly when using different ways of positioning their steered wheels.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to achieve a technical result for more efficient maneuvering in various ways of the position of the steered wheels of a vacuum sweeper.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the steering system of the vacuum sweeper (figure 1-6), containing the steered wheels (2, 3) of their front and rear axles of the vacuum sweeper (1), its steering column (4 ), mechanically connected to the dosing pump (26) of the volumetric hydraulic drive (5), which also includes a hydraulic tank (14), a hydraulic pump (20) communicated with a priority valve (25), there are distinctive features: also a hydraulic valve for five-section control of additional equipment (27) and a hydraulic unit for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels (28) of a volumetric hydraulic drive (5), connected to a common system through a priority valve (25), and with priority to a metering pump (26), in addition, a hydraulic unit control of the modes of rotation of the wheels (28) is made in the form of two valves with electromagnetic control built into the body: a three-position four-line valve (29) and a two-position six-line valve (30 ) controlled by electromagnets (31) and (32), (33), respectively, moreover, the on-off six-line valve (30) is connected to the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the wheels (2, 3) of the front and rear axles and is responsible for classic mode and loader mode, and the three-position four-line valve (29) - with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the wheels (3) of the rear axle and is responsible for the full-turn mode and the “crab” mode of turning the vacuum sweeper (1).

Taken together, these distinctive features will allow the vacuum sweeper (1) to quickly maneuver in various ways the positions of its steered wheels (2 and 3), choosing the desired turn mode, which will provide, in comparison with the prototype [2], more efficient maneuvering in various ways of the position of the steered wheels vacuum sweeper.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of the steering system of the vacuum sweeper:

- the hydraulic tank (14) is made with a drain valve (15), a minimum level indicator (18) and a level and temperature indicator (19) of the working fluid in the hydraulic tank (14)\

- in the volumetric hydraulic drive (5) a drain filter (22) is used, after which a heat exchange unit (23) is installed, and a pressure filter (24) is also used at the outlet of the hydraulic pump (20), after which a priority valve (25) is installed.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where:

- figure 1 shows a side view of the vacuum sweeper;

- figure 2 - part of the top view of the skeleton of a vacuum sweeper with conventionally removed equipment according to figure 1 and aligned with its front and rear axle wheels;

- figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic steering system of the vacuum sweeper according to figure 1;

- in Fig.4 - the same as in Fig. 3, but the wheels of the front axle are turned (classic turning pattern);

- figure 5 - the same as in figure 4, but the wheels of the rear axle are turned, and opposite to the wheels of the front axle (full rotation mode);

- figure 6 - the same as in figure 5, but the wheels of the rear axle are turned in the same direction as the wheels of the front axle (diagonal movement in the "crab" mode).

The steering system according to the utility model is used in a vacuum sweeper 1 (Fig. 1), which has steered wheels 2 of its front axle and steered wheels 3 of its rear axle, driven from the steering column 4 through a volumetric hydraulic actuator 5 (Fig. 3).

On the frame 6 (figure 1) of such a machine can be installed, for example, sweeping equipment 7 and vacuum cleaning equipment with a hopper 8 together with a picker 9.

Wheels 2 and 3 of the front and rear axles of the vacuum sweeper 1 are fixed under the frame 6 with the help of unified lever-hinge nodes 10 (figure 2) and with the possibility of turning in various modes (figure 4-6) using rods 11 driven by hydraulic cylinders 12, the rods 13 of which are connected to the rods 11.

The hydraulic cylinders 12 are included in the equipment kit of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5 (Fig.3), which also includes a hydraulic tank 14 with a drain valve 15, a pressure line 16 and a drain line 17, a minimum level indicator 18 and a level and temperature indicator 19 of the working fluid in the hydraulic tank 14 .

At the inlet of the pressure line 16, a hydraulic pump 20 is installed, for example, a gear pump driven by an internal combustion engine 21 of a vacuum sweeper 1, and a drain filter 22 is installed at the outlet of the drain line 17, behind which a heat exchange unit 23 is installed (the constituent elements of these units in the diagram figure 3 is not conventionally marked).

At the outlet of the hydraulic pump 20, a pressure filter 24 is installed in the pressure line 16, behind which a priority valve 25 is installed (the constituent elements of these nodes in the diagram of Fig. 3 are also conventionally not indicated).

A metering pump 26 is installed behind the heat exchange unit 23 in the drain line (its constituent elements are conventionally not indicated in the diagram of Fig. 3) with inlet ports P, T and outlet ports L, R, as well as with a control line LS to the priority valve 25.

The volumetric hydraulic drive 5 also includes a five-section hydraulic distributor for controlling additional equipment 27 and a hydraulic unit for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5, connected to a common system through a priority valve 25, with priority to the metering pump 26.

The five-section control valve for additional equipment 27 can be made, for example, with electromagnetic shutdown, if necessary, from the cab of the vacuum sweeper 1, and serves to distribute the working fluid from the hydraulic tank 14 under pressure generated by the hydraulic pump 20 to control various units of the communal machine 1, for example, to control the hydraulic booster (not shown) of the steering column 4 ..

The hydroblock for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5 is used for selective communication through its ports A, B, C and D of the outputs of the metering pump 26 with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 12, acting with the help of their rods 13 on the rods 11 of the lever-hinge nodes 10 for rotation wheels 2 and 3, respectively, of the front and rear axles of the vacuum sweeper 1.

The hydroblock for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 is made in the form of two valves with electromagnetic control built into the body: a three-position four-line valve 29 and a two-position six-line valve 30, controlled by means of electromagnets 31 and 32), 33, respectively.

Moreover, the two-position six-line valve (30) is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the wheels (2, 3) of the front and rear axles and is responsible for the classic mode and the loader mode, and the three-position four-line valve (29) is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) wheels (3) of the rear axle and is responsible for the full turning mode and the “crab” mode of turning the vacuum sweeper (1).

The steering system of the vacuum sweeper 1 (figure 1) operates when its steering column 4 is acted upon as follows to perform maneuvers of its movement:

a) Classic turn only steerable wheels 2 of the front axle (fig.3).

In this mode, the control is carried out by the metering pump 26 (figure 3), which supplies the working fluid under pressure only to the hydraulic cylinder 12 fixed on the front axle, which, acting on its rods 13 on the rods 11 of the lever-articulated assembly 10, turns the steered wheels 2 to the left or to the right.

In this case, the metering pump 26 supplies the working fluid through the output port R to the hydraulic cylinder 2 when turning to the right, and when turning to the left, the working fluid through the outlet port L of the metering pump 26, ports L and B of the hydroblock for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5 supplied to hydraulic cylinder 2.

b) Turning with all wheels (full turn mode).

In this mode, control is carried out, as in the first mode, only the hydraulic cylinder 12 of the rear axle is additionally connected through the hydraulic unit for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5.

For such inclusion, it is necessary to give a signal to its electromagnet 31, which mechanically fixes the said block in the open position. To return it to its original position, it is necessary to give a signal to the electromagnet 32. As a result, with its rods 13, the hydraulic cylinder 12 of the rear axle additionally turns its wheels 3 through the rods 11.

So, when turning them to the right, the working fluid under pressure through port R of the metering pump 26 enters the hydraulic cylinder 12 of the front axle, squeezing out the working fluid from its opposite cavity, which enters the hydraulic unit for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5, and through it ports B and D, squeezing out the working fluid from the opposite cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 12 of the rear axle, which flows further to the said hydraulic block and through its ports D and B acts on the hydraulic cylinders 12 of both axles.

As a result, the wheels 2 and 3 do not turn parallel through their lever-hinge assemblies 10 and the vacuum sweeper 1 makes a "steep" turn (reversal).

c) Diagonal movement (crab mode).

In this mode, the control is similar to the first and second modes, as in the second mode (b), the hydraulic cylinder 12 is additionally connected to turn the wheels 3 of the rear axle, but the flow direction in the hydraulic block for controlling the wheel turning modes 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5 is changed, between its ports C and D to this hydraulic cylinder 12.

To enable this mode, it is necessary to additionally apply a signal to the electromagnet 34, which mechanically fixes the hydroblock for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels 28 of the volumetric hydraulic drive 5.

Thus, in the steering system of the vacuum sweeper according to the utility model, the dynamic signal of the working fluid in the line LS of the metering pump 26 of the positive displacement hydraulic drive 5 provides easy and smooth control of the priority valve 25, which directs the working fluid in priority to the metering pump 26 when turning the vacuum sweeper 1 at the beginning of the steering. The unused flow of the working fluid and the main flow, when driving in a straight line, without engaging the steering, is directed through the priority valve 25 to the five-section control valve for additional equipment 27.

Additional advantages over the prototype [2], identified during testing of a vacuum sweeper with a utility model system:

- less torque on the steering column 4 - about 0.5-5-2.0 Nm under normal operating conditions and, as a result, a higher speed of its rotation and rotation of the driven wheels 2, 3 axles of the vacuum sweeper 1;

- when working together in a volumetric hydraulic drive 5 of the metering pump 26 paired with a priority valve 25, increased requirements for energy saving of the vacuum sweeper 1 are observed.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 24626 U1, IPC A47L 11/24, priority 26.02.2002, publ. 08/20/2002.

2. Patent RU 24626 U1, IPC A47L 11/24, priority 26.02.2002, publ. 08/20/2002 /prototype/.

LIST of reference symbols in the figures and names of elements to which these symbols refer

Claims (3)

1. The steering system of the vacuum sweeper, containing the steered wheels (2, 3) of its front and rear axles of the vacuum sweeper (1), its steering column (4), mechanically connected to the dosing pump (26) of the volumetric hydraulic drive (5), which also includes a hydraulic tank (14), a hydraulic pump (20) communicated with a priority valve (25), characterized in that the volumetric hydraulic drive (5) also includes a five-section hydraulic control valve for additional equipment control (27) and a hydraulic control unit modes of rotation of the wheels (28) of the volumetric hydraulic drive (5), connected to the common system through the priority valve (25), and with priority on the dosing pump (26), in addition, the hydraulic unit for controlling the modes of rotation of the wheels (28) is made in the form of built-in housing of two solenoid operated valves: a three-position four-way valve (29) and a two-position six-way valve (30), controlled by means of electromagnets, respectively (31) and (32), (33), moreover, the two-position six-line valve (30) is connected with the rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the wheels (2, 3) of the front and rear axles and is responsible for the classic mode and the loader mode, and the three-position four-line valve (29) - with rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (12) of the wheels (3) of the rear axle and is responsible for the full-turn mode and the “crab” mode of turning the vacuum sweeper (1). 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic tank (14) is made with a drain valve (15), a minimum level indicator (18) and a level and temperature indicator (19) of the working fluid in the hydraulic tank (14). 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the volumetric hydraulic drive (5) a drain filter (22) is used, behind which a heat exchange unit (23) is installed, and a pressure filter (24) is also used at the output of the hydraulic pump (20), behind which the priority valve (25) is installed.

Images