RU2142421C1 - Method of decontamination of liquid medium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: decontamination of drinking water, water in swimming pools, clear waste water, ground water, etc. SUBSTANCE: method consists in radiation of flow of fluid medium by radiation of optical range in pulse mode; each volume of fluid medium is radiated by train of at least two pulses at duration within 10^-3-10^-5 s and total energy in train ensuring concentration of energy in fluid medium within 10^-3-10 J/cu.cm and wave band from 0.2 to 4.5 mkm. Method ensures complex of decontamination mechanisms based on action of powerful pulse ultra-violet radiation, pulse temperature thermomechanical action on medium and ultrasonic action connected with it. EFFECT: extended field of application; enhanced efficiency of decontamination against various microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites) in various forms of their vital activity (vegetative, spore, in capsules). 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for treating natural and wastewater with optical radiation (OI), including ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation), and can be used to disinfect water (including drinking water) in various fields of the national economy.

A known method of disinfecting drinking water, in which it is treated sequentially with ultraviolet light at a dose of 0.24-0.325 mJ / cm ² and an antimicrobial agent - copper ions in an amount of 0.75-1 mg / L. To implement this method in 30 minutes with a high initial degree of infection (10 ⁷ in ml of water), along with the disinfection effect, a preserving effect is achieved [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is low productivity in combination with high resistance associated with the need to use copper ions.

 A known method of disinfecting water, in which it is let into a cylindrical container formed by the wall of the cylindrical body and the wall of the transparent cover that protects the bactericidal lamp mounted coaxially to the body from the aquatic environment. The specified container is pre-filled with air. After turning on the lamp, water falls under the influence of two bactericidal factors - UV radiation and ozone, which is formed almost instantly from the air when the lamp lights up [2].

 The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity of disinfection associated with a low specific radiation power developed by a continuous UV lamp.

 For the prototype selected as the closest in technical essence the method described in [2].

 The objective of the invention is to ensure reliability and high performance disinfection of the environment (lack of growth of microorganisms after treatment: any water and gels, sterilization of liquid food products, etc. without the use of disinfectants).

 The technical effect is expressed in the complexity of the disinfecting mechanisms of powerful UV radiation, pulsed temperature, thermomechanical effects and the associated ultrasonic effects on the environment, which provides high efficiency of disinfection from microorganisms of various types (viruses, bacteria, parasites) in various forms of their life (vegetative, spore, in capsules).

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, which includes treating the fluid with UV radiation, according to the invention, each volume of the fluid is treated with a series of at least two pulses of optical radiation with a duration of (10 ^-3 -10 ^-5 ) s with energy / 10 ^-3 -10 / J / cm ³ in the wavelength range (0.2-4.5) microns. The aforementioned parameters of pulsed optical radiation and exposure modes provide a complex effect, namely, the rapid alternation in the habitat of biostructures of abnormal conditions caused by a series of pulses of optical radiation, with their subsequent return to their original state (by type - sudden heating and rapid cooling) leads to disorientation of the ability of these structures to survival. In addition, at sufficiently high parameters of the radiation flux (in the aforementioned range), pulsed local heating of microorganisms and parasites by radiation of the visible and infrared ranges causes an increase in temperature up to the coagulation temperature of the protein in their tissues, as well as the excitation of thermomechanical wave stresses in them, leading to rupture bonds in cytoplasmic structures.

The action of subsequent radiation pulses leads to the accumulation of such defects. Given the accumulation of bond breaks at the molecular level caused by the action of powerful pulsed UV radiation in the range (0.2-0.4) microns, this effect leads to the death of microorganisms and parasites without their visible destruction (disintegration). In addition, repeated irradiation of fluid jets that mix in the intervals between pulses as it moves along the surface of the pulsed radiation source leads to its more uniform processing by optical radiation as compared to processing by a single pulse of optical radiation. When using a source with a sufficiently high pulse frequency (0.2-1 Hz), the disinfection capacity can reach 1000 m ³ / day and higher.

The invention is as follows. A continuously fluid medium is fed into a chamber with a pulsed optical emitter placed in it and each fluid volume V _i passing through the chamber is irradiated with a series of at least 2 pulses of optical radiation with a spectrum width (0.2-4.5) microns, duration / 10 ^-3 -10 ^-5 / s, while the irradiation is carried out in a fluid with a concentration of optical radiation energy Ε _i in the volume V _{i of the} fluid (0.1-10) J / cm ³ .

Example. Water was infected with microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and fed into a chamber with a pulsed optical emitter placed in it. Each volume V _i passing through the chamber was treated with a series of 5 pulses with a duration of ~ 10 ^-4 s, an energy of 1.5 • 10 ³ J and a time interval between pulses of 5 s. Samples were taken and the number of surviving microorganisms was determined at time intervals. The data on the most resistant to powerful pulsed optical radiation microorganisms are summarized in the table.

 The analysis of the treated waters showed that as a result of the treatment with pulse-periodic optical radiation according to the proposed method, changes in the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of water do not occur. Water after treatment meets GOST and can be used in the practice of domestic and technical water use.

 As follows from the above examples, the proposed method of disinfecting a liquid medium is effective, economical, versatile, has high performance, does not require disinfectants and does not affect the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of water.

Sources of information
1. Auth. St. USSR N 1678770 on z-ke N 47530356, class. C 02 F 1/32 publ. 09/23/91.

 2. PCT N 18/01606, cl. C 02 F 1/32, publ. 10/03/08.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting a liquid medium, including irradiating a fluid flow with optical radiation, characterized in that each fluid object is irradiated with at least two pulses of optical radiation in the wavelength range of 0.2 - 4.5 μm, the duration of each pulse in the range of 10 ^{- 5} - 10 ^-1 s, with the total energy in a series of pulses irradiating each volume of the fluid, providing a concentration of energy in the fluid in the range of 10 ^-3 - 10 J / cm ³ .

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