RU2142215C1 - Method for presowing treatment of sugar beet seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, seed stocking enterprises for presowing treatment of seeds of sugar beet, rape, corn, sunflower etc. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming biologically active nutrient and fungicidal medium on surface of uncoated seeds for providing complex beneficial action upon growing processes in germ, for suppressing pathogenic symptoms on seed surface; increasing uniformity of components of coating composition applied on seed surface by dispersing it through nozzles, and for protecting from inhibiting action of toxic insecticides contained in coating composition. Aqueous suspension of coating composition contains liquid microfertilizing composition in an amount of 6-8 l per 1 ton of seeds. Coating composition is prepared on the base of two solutions, which are applied on seeds having basic moisture content of 13-14.5% in two successive layers, with following drying to basic moisture content upon applying of each layer. The first applied layer is aqueous suspension containing fungicide, growth promoter such as microfertilizing composition, film forming substance and water. The second layer applied contains insecticides and film forming polymers. EFFECT: increased efficiency by forming nutritive and fungicidal medium on seed surface, improved uniformity of layers applied on seed surface and reduced inhibiting effect of insecticides contained in second layer. 4 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture. It can be used at seed plants for the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of sugar and fodder beets, rape, corn, sunflower and other crops.

 Known methods for pre-sowing seed treatment (see, for example, SU N 1757497 A1, SU N 1753974 A1, SU N 1793836 A3, SU N 1809747, SU N 1655324 A1) characterize its individual methods or preparations, do not meet the requirements of industrial flow technologies do not even provide uniform application of protective-stimulating preparations of various physicochemical properties to seeds, which leads to unprotected seedlings, unequal plant growth and crop shortages. In addition, the absence of the drying process of seeds moistened by pickling leads to an increase in their moisture content and a decrease in flowability.

 The prototype of the invention selected the seed treatment technology described in the "Instructions for the processing of sugar beet seeds with furadan, adifur, daifuran and safety requirements" (Gosagroprom of the USSR, M.1988). According to the Instructions, for non-coated seeds with a moisture content of not more than 11%, preparations (eg furadan) are applied together with protective stimulants in the form of a specially prepared working mixture. In this case, first prepare a suspension of protective stimulants, including at the rate of 1 ton of seeds; TMTD 4 kg, ZhKU 3 l, boric acid 0.5 kg, Na CMC or SMAN-20 0.1 kg per 10 l of water. After thorough mixing, the drug is added to the suspension at the rate of 0.40-0.50 mg per seed.

 The disadvantages of the prototype are: the absence in the working mixture of a biologically active substance with a complex effect on the growth processes of the seed germ, there is no separate application of drugs with different physicochemical properties, mixing of an aqueous suspension consisting of fungicides, fertilizer additives, etc., with dressing agents carbofuran group, prepared on the basis of organic solvents, leads to the appearance in the working mixture of sediment, clots, causing technical interference in pumps and nozzles prot equal equipment, which leads to uneven application of seeds with inlaid composition, complicates the process. Direct contact of a toxic insecticide (e.g. furadan), mixed with other substances, with a seed coat has an inhibitory effect on them, therefore seed dressing with a working mixture prepared in this way, as practice shows (see, for example, A.V. Kornienko and etc. "Insecticides for pre-sowing seed treatment", magazine "Sugar beet", N 3, 1994, p. 17) reduces their germination by 5-12% (depending on the period of seed aging after inlay). In addition, the pericarp of seeds, which is a good substrate for fungal pathogens, is not sufficiently protected by a fungicide that forms a loose membrane on the surface of the seeds due to the presence of insecticides with an organic solvent in the mixture. The requirement for a reduced initial seed moisture of no more than 11% worsens their wettability with the working mixture during the inlay process and, thus, also contributes to the formation of an uneven coating, and a stronger wetting of the seeds requires their additional drying, which is not provided for inlay. Thus, a reduced initial moisture content of not higher than 11% is dictated by the maximum permissible dose of seed moistening during inlaying, which should not exceed 14.5% according to GOST, and this in turn imposes a limitation of the amount of water in the working mixture to 10 liters per ton of seeds and it does not allow to lower the concentration of the working mixture, which is necessary to increase the uniformity of the coating, in particular when processing nozzles.

 The technical task of the invention to be solved is the systemic formation, directly on the surface of unrefined seeds, of a dense biologically active nutrient and fungicidal medium with a complex positive effect on growth processes in the embryo, suppression of pathogens on the surface of the seeds, increasing the uniformity of applying all components of the encrusting composition to the surface of the seeds by spraying them with nozzles and protection against the inhibitory effect of toxic insecticides that are part of the incrust siating seeds.

The technical problem to be solved in the method of presowing treatment of sugar beet seeds, which consists in applying an inlaid composition to the seed surface in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) fungicide, film-forming substance of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC), water, insecticides of the carbo group, liquid microfertilizer composition (ZhUSS) (TU 39-05765670-OP-201-94) was introduced into the aqueous suspension of the inlaid composition (TU 39-05765670-OP-201-94) at the rate of 6-8 liters per ton of seeds, and the inlaid composition was tovlen as two solutions are applied to the seeds in two layers alternately; the first layer is applied an aqueous suspension consisting of TMTD fungicide, a growth stimulant of ZhUSS, the film-forming substance Na CMC and water, the second layer is applied insecticides mixed with film-forming polymers, the water content in the aqueous emulsion is increased 1.8-2.5 times and is 18 -25 l of water per ton of seeds, and the seeds were taken with an initial moisture content of 13-14.5% after applying each layer, dried with warm air with a temperature of 38-40 ^o C to the initial humidity.

The proposed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", because suggested distinctive features: introduction of sugar beet into the inlaid composition for treating seeds of sugar beet as a growth stimulator for a new preparation, liquid micronutrient composition (JUSC) at a rate of 6-8 liters per ton of seeds, reducing the concentration of water emulsion by 1.8-2.5 times by increasing water up to 18-25 liters per ton of seeds (in relation to the prototype 10 liters), applying the encrusting composition to seeds with an initial moisture content of 13-14.5% in two layers, followed by drying (after applying each batch) with warm air with a temperature 38-40 ^o C until similar moisture when the first layer is applied aqueous emulsion containing fungicides, growth stimulants and seed film forming agent and an insecticide in the second layer with a separate film forming are novel and essential characterizing features for inlaying sugar beet seeds. All this allows us to form a dense uniform shell directly from the biologically active nutrient and fungicidal medium directly on the surface of the seeds with a complex effect on the growth processes in the embryo, suppressing pathogens on the surface of the seeds, and increase the uniformity of application of all components of the encrusting composition to the seeds in each layer, using spray nozzle spraying method widely used in production lines and reduce the inhibitory effect of toxic insecticides in the second outer layer of the inlaid seed coating. All this leads to an increase in field germination, increased seed growth in the early stages of development, increased yield, reduces the loss of germination during storage of seeds after inlay.

 From known sources of scientific and technical information, such a technical solution for inlaid sugar beet seeds was not found.

 - The introduction into the water emulsion of a new growth stimulator of JHSS not studied on sugar beet in the amount of 6-8 kg / t ensures the activation of the hydrolysis of storage substances and the synthesis of new compounds in the seed germ, as well as the activation of seedling growth and the initial period.

 - A decrease in the concentration of the water emulsion improves the operation of the nozzles and allows it to be applied evenly on the surface of the seeds, and subsequent drying to the initial moisture content strengthens and compacts the first layer due to the polymerization of the film-forming substance. As a result, the exact dosage of pesticides is firmly fixed on each seed.

 - Separate application in different layers of a water emulsion and toxic insecticides with an organic solvent allows avoiding the formation of clots in the working mixture and clogging of nozzles and pumps of the pickling equipment, which also improves the uniformity of the application of each layer and the incrustation of seeds in general.

 - Spraying the insecticide in a separate layer on a dense film of Na CMC, the first layer, reduces its inhibitory effect on the seed and reliably protects from the influence of "external parasites", which increases the seed growth energy and increases their field germination by 12% and yield (see results tests).

 The technical implementation of the method is implemented on a mechanized technological line for encrusting and pelleting seeds (see drawing). The line is a combination of mechanisms and devices combined into a single sequential system, providing a closed technological cycle of seed pre-sowing treatment and allowing multiple repetition of individual operations of seed encrusting in a continuous stream, in particular, operations of layer-by-layer application of encrusting composition and drying. In its composition the line contains a hopper-dispenser 1; two norias 2, 7; storage hopper 3; operational hopper 4; 5 inlaid machine with nozzles 6; drying machine 8. The storage hopper 3 is an intermediate seed storage tank located in front of the encrusting machine 5 and serves to redistribute the seed flow between the units in the process of changing the sequence and repetitions of technological operations. In particular, when layer-by-layer application of the encrusting composition after applying the first layer in the encrusting machine, the seeds enter the drying machine 8, from there they are sent by noriya 7 back to the operational hopper of the encrusting machine for applying the second layer, and then they are put into packaging after repeated drying in the machine. For incrustation, seeds of the 1st class are taken, previously polished (in the case of sugar beets) on a special device (RF patent for the invention N 2067025), their initial moisture content is 13-14.5% (prototype not higher than 11%). On the seeds, the first layer of a separate nozzle from a separate container is applied to an aqueous emulsion consisting of 1 ton of seeds, from TMTD (4-6 kg), film-forming polymer Na CMC (0.2 kg), water (18-25 l). As a biologically active substance, 6-8 l of a new preparation is added to the emulsion - liquid microfertilizer composition ZhUSS (TU 39-05765670-OP-201-94), the growth stimulant of which are copper chelates, boron, obtained on the basis of ethanolamine (ed. N 852302).

After preliminary drying on the production line with warm air (38-40 ^o C), the seeds treated with fungicide, growth stimulant and film former are coated with a second layer of furadan insecticide, which is imported as a ready-made paste with a film former at the rate of 0.4-0.5 mg per one seed with another nozzle from another container. Re-drying of the inlaid seeds is carried out to a loose state. Being in the outer layer, a toxic insecticide separated by a film-forming polymer from the first layer penetrates the pericarp cells more slowly, which reduces the inhibitory effect of the drug.

 The synergism of the action of a fungicide that suppresses the growth of pathogens on the seed coat and the trace mineral copper contained in JUSS, which increases the resistance of seedlings, has a positive effect against the fungal disease - beet root eater (see Table 1).

 Since ZhUSS is an effective growth substance and contains nitrogen in the amine form and boron compounds, and the trace element boron in ZhUSS is biologically in a more active form, the need for the use of ZhKU and boric acid disappears.

A new method of presowing treatment of seeds was tested on sod-podzolic and leached chernozem soils. The experiments were carried out in triplicate, the accounting area of the plot of 100 m ² . Culture: sugar beet, cultivar Lgovskaya single-seeded 52, data on average for 1996-1998.

 The data given in table. 1, show that the new method of seed treatment increases the field germination of seeds by 12%, reduces the susceptibility of root beetles by 36% and increases the mass of 100 plants before thinning (phase of the first pair of true leaves) by 14 g.

 As the data from table. 2, a new method of seed treatment increases the yield of sugar beets by 52 kg / ha, sugar content - 0.2%, increases the collection of sugar from ha by 0.84 tons.

 Thus, systemic layer-by-layer application of fungicides, new growth stimulants, film-forming polymers, insecticides to seeds provides an increase in the productivity of field crops.

Claims (4)

 1. A method for pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds, comprising applying to the seed surface an inlaid composition in the form of a suspension consisting of tetramethylthiuram disulfide fungicide, a film-forming substance of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, water, a toxic insecticide of a carbo-furan group, characterized in that the aqueous suspension contains an insulating suspension of a carbohydrate the calculation of 6-8 liters per ton of seeds, and the encrusting composition is prepared in the form of two solutions, which are applied to the seeds in two layers, each Independent user: the first layer is applied to the aqueous suspension of the fungicide tetramethylthiuramdisulphide, growth stimulator - mikroudobritelnogo liquid composition a film-forming substance - sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water, the second layer is applied in admixture with insecticides, film-forming polymers.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content in the aqueous suspension is based on per ton of seeds 18-25 liters. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds after applying each layer are dried with warm air with a temperature of 38-40 ^o C to the initial humidity.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial seed moisture is 13-14.5%.

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