RU214041U1 - WORKING BODY OF THE CULTIVATOR FOR STUCK TILLING OF THE SOIL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to the working bodies of cultivators for stubble cultivation of soils subject to water and wind erosion.

The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage includes a C-shaped stand, a chisel, wings and an impact mechanism, while a plate is rigidly fixed on the stand, pivotally connected to a movable bracket, on which the lower part of the chisel and wings are rigidly fixed. The lower part of the bit is rigidly fixed to the movable bracket by means of a bolted connection. The movable bracket has oval holes for hinged connection with the plate, as well as oval holes and oval grooves for rigid double-sided bolting of the wings. The plate is rigidly fixed on the rack with a fixed bracket and has an additional rigid fastening by means of a bushing with an external thread for the rack and an internal thread for the adjusting bolt.

The technical result achieved is to reduce the traction resistance while maintaining the optimal crushing ability of the bit when loosening the soil at various depths.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to the working bodies of cultivators for stubble cultivation of soils subject to water and wind erosion.

Soil crumbling is a qualitative indicator that characterizes the division of the entire mass of the cultivated soil layer into smaller pieces in the form of small lumps, lumps, structural aggregates. For the working bodies of cultivators, this indicator is characterized by the setting of a chisel-shaped loosening paw, attached to the rack at an angle α to the horizon and forming a dihedral wedge. With an increase in the angle α, the crushing ability of the paw increases, but at the same time, the traction resistance increases and its deepening ability decreases. The main rational limits of the angle α are: for depths up to 12 cm - 25 ... 30 degrees; for depths up to 16 cm - 35 degrees (Krasnichenko A.V. Handbook of the designer of agricultural machines. In 2 volumes. Volume 2. - M: State scientific and technical publishing house of machine-building literature, 1961. - 862 p.).

To perform the process of crumbling the soil, various working bodies are used.

A loosening working body of a cultivator is known, where, in order to reduce traction resistance, the tip and the loosening paw are pivotally connected by a lamellar elastic element of the spring type, which allows, depending on the resistivity, to change the crumbling angle (Patent RU 2340135 C1; IPC A01B 35/22, A01B 39/22 ; published on December 10, 2008, bulletin No. 34).

The disadvantage of this working body is a floating spontaneous change in the angle of crumbling in the process of tillage, which leads to uneven processing in depth and unstable both quality and energy indicators of the loosening process.

Also known is the working body of the cultivator, including two spring racks, to the lower part of which are attached right-handed and left-handed plowshares, while the racks are made flat and straight and located at an angle to each other with the top of the angle directed towards the movement of the working body, and on the front sides the racks have a loosening tooth in the form of a spring plate with the possibility of moving it along the height (AS SU 978746 A1; IPC A01B 35/08; publ. 07.12.1982, bull. No. 45).

The main disadvantage of the working body is the constant deformation of the loosening tooth due to the angular self-oscillations of the spring struts, which occur due to the variable force of traction resistance, which leads to the movement of the lower end of the loosening tooth in the vertical plane and, as a result, uneven processing depth. As a result, the quality of tillage in depth decreases, and the variable frontal traction resistance of the working body also increases.

The closest analogue of the utility model is the working body of a stubble cultivator, containing a C-shaped rack, a chisel, wings, as well as an impact mechanism mounted on the rack, including an attachment axis and a lever connected to the drummer, and the cutting-crushing chisel is attached to the rack with an offset of the toothed cutting edges relative to the serrated cutting edge of the wings (patent RU 204796 U1; IPC A01B 35/20, A01C 7/20; publ. 11.06.2021, bull. No. 17).

The disadvantages of the described working body of the stubble cultivator include the fact that when loosening various types of soils at a fixed angle of crushing of the cutting-chopping bit, in order to ensure the consistency of the quality of crumbling and the optimal value of traction resistance, depending on the depth of processing, it is necessary to constantly change the mass of the impactor in order to intensify the self-oscillating process loosening. This requires a wide range of strikers of various weights and additional operating costs.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to eliminate the above disadvantages and provide the possibility of changing the crumbling angle depending on the depth of tillage for high-quality crumbling of the soil layer with minimal traction resistance.

The technical result of the utility model is a reduction in traction resistance while maintaining the optimal crushing ability of the bit when loosening the soil at various depths.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage, including a conformable stand, a chisel, wings and an impact mechanism, according to the utility model, a plate is rigidly fixed on the stand, pivotally connected to a movable bracket, on which the lower part of the chisel and wings. At the same time, the lower part of the bit is rigidly fixed to the movable bracket by means of a bolted connection, the movable bracket has oval holes for hinged connection with the plate, as well as oval holes and oval grooves for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings with bolted connections, and the plate is rigidly fixed to the rack with a fixed bracket and has additional rigid fastening by means of a sleeve with an external thread for the stand and an internal thread for the adjusting bolt.

Rigid fastening of the lower part of the bit by means of a bolted connection on a movable bracket with oval holes for hinged connection with a plate rigidly fixed on the C-shaped column with a fixed bracket, as well as with oval holes and oval grooves for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings with bolted connections makes it possible to change the optimal angle α depending on the depth of tillage for high-quality crumbling of the soil layer with minimal traction resistance.

Additional rigid fastening of the plate with the post by means of a bushing with an external thread for the post and an internal thread for the adjusting bolt provides a variation in the angle α in the range from 25 to 30 degrees without dismantling the working bodies.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the working body of a cultivator for stubble tillage.

In FIG. 2 - working body of a cultivator for stubble tillage, side view with a section, in Fig. 3 - general view of the working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage, rear view.

The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage contains a C-shaped rack 1, a chisel 2, wings 3 and an impact mechanism 4 (Fig. 1). The lower part of the bit 5 is rigidly fixed by means of a bolted connection 6 on a movable bracket 7 (Fig. 2) with oval holes 8 for hinged connection 9 with a plate 10 rigidly fixed on the rack 1 with a fixed bracket 11, as well as with oval holes 12 and oval grooves 13 for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings 3 with bolted connections 14. The plate 10 has an additional rigid fastening with the stand 1, by means of a bushing 15 (Fig. 3) with an external thread 16 (Fig. 2) for the stand 1 and an internal thread 17 for the adjusting bolt 18.

The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage works as follows. Before the start of tillage to a depth of 12 cm, the movable bracket 7 is loosened, on which the lower part of the bit 5 is rigidly fixed by means of a bolted connection 6, due to bolted connections 14 for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings 3. Then, with an adjusting bolt 18 passing through the sleeve 15 ( Fig. 3), having an external thread 16 (Fig. 2) for fixing the plate 10 with the stand 1 and an internal thread 17, the angle α to the horizon is smoothly changed up to 25 degrees. The movable bracket 7, due to the hinge connection 9 of the plate 10, rigidly fixed on the rack 1 by a fixed bracket 11, as well as oval holes 12 and oval grooves 13 for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings 3 with loose bolted connections 14, moves the lower part of the bit 5 to the required angle α. Then it is fixed with bolted connections 14. Oval holes 12 and oval grooves 13 make it possible to maintain the original position of the bolted connections 14, which rigidly fix the two-sided fastening of the wings 3 without changing their optimal crumbling angle.

When moving the working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage, the chisel 2 with the required angle α to the horizon provides the required crushing ability of the cultivated soil layer with minimal traction resistance.

When cultivating the soil to a depth of up to 16 cm, it is necessary to loosen the bolted connections 14 again and, using the adjusting bolt 18, move the movable bracket 7 through an angle α up to 35 degrees. At the same time, on the movable bracket 7 itself there are marks indicating 25, 30 and 35 degrees, respectively. Then again fix the movable bracket 7 and wings 3 with bolted connections 14. Such an adjustment of the angle α makes it possible to quickly adjust the working body of the cultivator for stubble cultivation in the field without removing it, as well as the absence of the need to purchase additional chisels with different angles α for high-quality crumbling soils at various depths, which are recommended for light stubble cultivators.

The use of the proposed working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage will reduce the traction resistance while maintaining the optimal crushing ability of the chisel when loosening the soil at various depths.

Claims (4)

1. The working body of a cultivator for stubble tillage, including a C-shaped rack, a chisel, wings and an impact mechanism, characterized in that a plate is rigidly fixed on the rack, pivotally connected to a movable bracket, on which the lower part of the chisel and wings are rigidly fixed. 2. The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the chisel is rigidly fixed to the movable bracket by means of a bolted connection. 3. The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable bracket has oval holes for hinged connection with the plate, as well as oval holes and oval grooves for rigid double-sided fastening of the wings with bolted connections. 4. The working body of the cultivator for stubble tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate is rigidly fixed to the stand with a fixed bracket, and also has an additional rigid fastening by means of a bushing with an external thread for the stand and an internal thread for the adjusting bolt.

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