RU2140311C1 - Spatial fire-extinguishing system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment, in particular, stationary automatic fire detecting and extinguishing systems. SUBSTANCE: system has gas-aerosol fire-suppressing mixture generators having casing with outlet opening. Aerosol generating compound is within casing. Generator initiating units are connected through electric channels with single starting device having power source, temperature sensitive fire warning sensors and remote control commutator. Power source of starting device is connected with probing unit switched to mains and connected through time delay device to generators, which are provided with cooling units for cooling gas-aerosol fire-suppressing mixture. Cooling units are made in the form of air-ejecting shell disposed in axial alignment with generator casing above outlet openings, or in the form of ablation material granular layer disposed in receiver between aerosol-forming compound and generator casing outlet openings. EFFECT: increased safety of rooms from fire by enhanced reliability in operation of actuating member communication means and effective cooling of generated fire-suppressing mixture. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, to stationary automatic systems for detecting and suppressing fires by means of a generated aerosol.

 From the patent literature, a volumetric fire extinguishing system is known that contains the extinguishing inhibitors of the inhibitory mixture generated in the protected volume generated during the combustion of the aerosol-forming pyrotechnic composition, the initiation units and communication channels made of a flame-retardant heat-sensitive cord that are connected to a common starting device (RF patent N 2046614, class A 62 C 37/00, 10.27.95).

 The pyrotechnic composition, upon combustion of which a gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture forms, is placed in the generator housing equipped with outlet openings. The ignition initiation units of the pyrotechnic composition of the generators are driven by a signal from heat-sensitive means of detecting ignitions.

 A feature of the system is its autonomy to detect fires and suppress fires without external power sources for actuating elements, since the means for detecting fire, initiating the operation of aerosol generators and launch communication channels are made in the form of a heat-sensitive fire-resistant cord. This ensures the functioning of the system with active and simple means of excitation and transmission of control signals to actuators without additional amplification devices with an external power source or periodic recharging of the built-in battery.

The disadvantage of the described device is its low functional reliability due to the low mechanical strength of an expensive fire-resistant cord, subject to chemical degradation and the presence of gasoline vapors, organic solvents having a high temperature threshold (150 - 170 ^o C) and a relatively low burning rate, which reduces the efficiency of suppression fires at the initial stage, the development of which can entail significant material and technical losses.

 The prior art is characterized by a mobile volumetric fire extinguishing system, the general starting device of which consists of an electrically connected power source, heat-sensitive sensors and a remote switch of the generator initiation units with an aerosol-forming composition placed in a housing with outlet openings (RF patent N 2081640, class A 62 C 13/22, 06/20/97).

 The gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators are located in places of the most likely occurrence of fires, in the area of expensive equipment, sources of thermal radiation and conversions, in instrumentation, engine compartments and electrical cabinets, control panels, etc. closed, cramped volumes.

 A disadvantage of the known system is the unsatisfactory functional reliability, which is determined by the probable operation of the generators due to possible violations of the integrity of the electrical communication channels between the elements of the starting device and the communication channels of the starting device with the nodes of the initiation of generators and warning devices.

 In addition, the temperature of the extinguishing mixture at the outlet of the generators located inside cramped local volumes with working equipment, insulating and decorative panels, means of communication, is several times higher than the ignition temperature of their organic materials, which can cause secondary foci of fire and the spread of fire to the entire protected volume of the room , and the melting temperature of synthetic materials, which causes property damage due to warpage, fusion and other deformations that violate the normal The proper functioning of protected objects.

 As the closest analogue to the claimed invention, a fire extinguishing system is adopted comprising extinguishing elements whose initiation units are controlled by a starting device including a power source, fire alarm sensors, a display, a time delay device, a switch and a sensing unit. (RF patent N 2114660, class A 62 C 37/00, publ. 10.07.98).

 The task to which the present invention is directed is to increase the functional reliability of the system and the destination indicators, that is, a guarantee of suppressing fires in protected volumes without violating the integrity of the protected objects.

 The required technical result is achieved in that in a volumetric fire extinguishing system, including a starting device, including a power source, fire alarm sensors, a display, a time delay device, a switch, the power source is connected to the sensing unit connected to the mains, and through the time delay device, to initiation units for gas aerosol extinguishing mixture generators equipped with cooling units.

 In addition, the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators have cooling units made in the form of an air-ejection shell axially mounted on the housing above the outlet openings.

 In this case, the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators have a cooling unit made in the form of a layer of granules of ablative material placed in the receiver between the aerosol-forming composition and the outlet openings of the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators.

 Distinctive features ensured the expansion of the scope of the system and increased the functional reliability of fire extinguishing due to the guaranteed availability of electric communication channels of the actuating elements and more efficient cooling of the extinguishing gas-aerosol mixture generated by burning the pyrotechnic composition.

 The proposed options for the implementation of additional cooling units are structurally simple and adequate to existing generators.

 A new stable interconnection of essential features creates the efficiency and reliability of the fire extinguishing system.

 Each essential feature is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality, that is, a new super-effect as a sum effect that is not inherent in the features in their disunity.

 The proposed technical solution is not known from the available sources of information of the prior art, from which it does not explicitly follow for a fire safety specialist, and can be reproduced industrially, that is, meets the criteria of patentability.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has only illustrative purposes and does not limit the scope of the rights of the formula, and where are shown schematically:
figure 1 - the proposed system;
figure 2 - generator with a cooling unit;
figure 3 is the same option.

Generators 1 of a gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generated during the combustion of aerosol-forming composition 2 (FIGS. 2 and 3), mainly based on potassium nitrate, a combustible binder (phenol-formaldehyde resin) and gas-aerosol-forming dicyandiamide, which ensures high speed and completeness of combustion of composition 2, are mounted inside the protected volume of the room. , an active transition into the aerosol of a finely dispersed phase of particles and inert gases (CO ₂ , N ₂ and H ₂ O in the form of vapors), which ensures an increase in fire extinguishing ability and achievement of portable about the toxic level of aerosol for humans at its working concentrations.

 The composition 2 is placed in the housing 3 of the generator 1, equipped with a heat-protective layer 4 of gypsum (calcium sulfate) and a closed lid 5, in which the outlet openings 6 are made, over which an air-ejection shell 7 (Fig. 2) of the cooling unit is axially mounted mounted with an ejection gap 8 relative to the housing 3. In the lid 5, the initiation unit 9 is fixed.

 Inside the housing 3 (Fig. 3, embodiment), between the aerosol forming composition 2 and the outlet 6 of the cover 5, an interlayer 10 of granules of cooling ablative material is installed (cooling block), which carries the initiation unit 9, and in the volume of the housing 3 between the aerosol forming composition 2 s a layer 10 and a cover 5 formed by the receiver 11, performing the functions of the cooling unit. The interlayer 10 is made, for example, of limestone, basic magnesium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the like. ablation materials.

 The sensing unit 12 connected to the power supply network (220 V, 50 Hz) is connected to a starting device, which includes a power supply 13, fire alarm sensors 14 and (heat-sensitive elements), and a remote switch 15 connected to each other by electric communication channels. The power source 13 is also associated with various warning devices, for example, light 16 and sound 17 alarm, beacon 18, as well as with the drive 19 locking doorways, through the device 20 time delay.

 The second output of the power source 13 is connected to the nodes 9 of the initiation of the generators 1 through the device 21 time delay, a duration exceeding the time delay of the device 20.

 The system works as follows. The sensing unit 12 in a predetermined sequence generates sounding pulses, the parameters of which are different from the nominal triggering (the amplitude is below the threshold value or the frequency does not coincide with the range of reference signals), which control the electrical communication channels of the system elements. The sensing results are identified and displayed on the display of the sensing unit 12 (not shown conditionally) for visual control by a person on duty who receives operational information about the malfunction and its location in the communication channels in order to promptly eliminate and bring the system as a whole ready for active suppression of fires.

 The system is started by the operator from the remote control via the remote switch 15 or from the heat-sensitive sensors 14 of the fire alarm automatically when the ambient temperature of the protected room is above the set level. In this case, the warning means 16, 17, 18 and the time delay devices 20, 21 are turned on.

 After a period of time sufficient to evacuate people, a signal from the device 20 sends a command to block the doorways with the drive 19 and lock them to isolate the room where the fire has occurred, which is necessary to create a fire extinguishing aerosol concentration in a closed volume.

 Then, from the control signal from the device 21, initiation units 9 are activated, igniting the aerosol forming composition 2 in the generators 1, upon combustion of which a gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors is formed.

 The jet flows of the gas-aerosol mixture through the openings 6 of the cover 5 (FIG. 2) flow out into the shell 7, where they are mixed with the air of the protected volume of the common room injected through the ring gap 8 and are autonomously actively cooled.

Further, a relatively cold (150-200 ^° C) gas-aerosol mixture from the shell 7 is discharged into the protected volume, where the fire is suppressed as a result of the inhibitory effect of fine particles on the passage of redox combustion reactions. When a gas-aerosol mixture is introduced into the combustion zone, the chain mechanism of formation of active radicals breaks off due to their recombination, as well as due to their retention on the aerosol surface, each particle of which acts as an energy condenser - as a result, the fire is suppressed. The high dispersion of the active particles, their kinetic nature, determine the high fire extinguishing ability of the aerosol formed in the generators 1.

 In the cramped volumes of electrical cabinets, control panels, etc. establish a more compact design of the generators 1 (figure 3) with a cooling unit (layer 10, receiver 11), more efficient, without injection of air, which is mounted inside the housing 3 under the cover 5.

 The generated aerosol is a dielectric; therefore, it is used to extinguish electrical energized equipment. The flow of the generated aerosol during the combustion of composition 2 passes between the granules of the interlayer 10, where, under the influence of high temperature, the endothermic decomposition of the material occurs with the formation of non-combustible gaseous products (water vapor, carbon dioxide), diluting the aerosol and, as a result, its high-quality cooling.

 Ablation gas formation prevents the deposition of aerosol on the surface of the granules of the interlayer 10, which does not increase its hydraulic resistance. In the receiver 11, the gas-aerosol mixture accumulates, aerosol and non-combustible gaseous products of endothermic decomposition of the ablative material are mixed and cooled when pressure is equalized, followed by jet discharge of the quenching mixture through the outlet 6 of the lid 5 into the protected volume.

 The proposed system is universal, reliable in operation with the guaranteed functioning of actuators and the action of electric communication channels, intended for installation in industrial, office and residential premises, energy facilities, on vehicles.

 The high efficiency of lowering the temperature of the quenching of the mixture in the additional cooling units of the generators ensured fire safety and preservation of the integrity of devices, equipment and premises.

Claims (3)

 1. A volumetric fire extinguishing system comprising a starting device including a power source, fire alarm sensors, a display, a time delay device, a switch and a sensing unit, characterized in that the power source is connected to a sensing unit connected to the mains, and through a time delay device - with initiation nodes for gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators equipped with cooling units.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generators have a cooling unit made in the form of an air-ejection shell axially mounted on the housing above the outlet openings.  3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas aerosol extinguishing mixture generators have a cooling unit made in the form of an interlayer of granules of ablative material placed in the receiver between the aerosol forming composition and the outlet openings of the gas aerosol extinguishing mixture generators.

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