RU2118903C1 - Three-dimensional fire-extinguishing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fireproofing equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has heat-insulated housing with outlet openings and pyrotechnical charge disposed in housing and connected with ignition unit. Cooling unit vessel filled with ablator material pellets is positioned between pyrotechnical charge and outlet openings. Ignition unit is positioned in central longitudinal channel of pyrotechnical charge in axial alignment with opposite outlet openings. Burning pyrotechnical charge generates fire-extinguishing aerosol which is divided into two flows filling the whole volume of cooling unit to reduce its temperature. EFFECT: increased efficiency and convenience by reduced dimensions and enhanced reliability in operation. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of fire prevention, and more particularly, to devices that use fire extinguishing compositions that generate aerosol when burning pyrotechnic material, which has a strong inhibitory effect on redox processes in the fire zone.

 From the patent literature, aerosol volumetric fire extinguishing devices (aerosol generators) are known, containing a pyrotechnic checker connected to an initiating device for igniting it placed in a thermally protected case equipped with outlet openings (UK patent N 2028127 of 03.03.80, A 62 C 35/08; and S. S. N 217411, 1984, A 62 D 1/00; RF patent N 2046614 dated 10.27.95, A 62 D 1/00, A 62 D 1/00, A 62 C 5/02).

 The aerosol generated by burning the drafts, which is introduced into the protected volume and suppresses the fire, contains combustion inhibitors formed in the form of gaseous and highly dispersed compounds of the condensed phase containing alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts.

 The aerosol generator according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2008045 dated 02.28.94, A 62 C 3/00 is additionally equipped with a gas aerosol products cooling unit, including an injection cylinder with an ablating coating that increases the efficiency of fire extinguishing by reducing the temperature of the fire extinguishing jet, which is an indication of purpose, but by half increases the length of the device.

 The disadvantage of the generator is its low structural strength, which limits the area of use and reduces operational characteristics.

 In the invention according to the application N 95109407 from 06/21/95 the aerosol volumetric fire extinguishing device operates without air ejection from the burning room, more compactly and efficiently by cooling the generated fire extinguishing mixture, since the cooling unit is located between the pyrotechnic checker and the housing outlet openings, which are made on focusing the gas-aerosol stream of the lens, and filled with granules, tablets of ablative material from a number of carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, salts.

 The generated gas-aerosol stream is cooled on the developed surface of the interlayer of ablation material granules - the filler of the cylinder of the cooling unit due to heat absorption by the chemical reaction, which results in the formation of non-combustible compounds - water vapor and carbon dioxide, which dilute the aerosol and significantly reduce its temperature.

 The layer of granules in the cooling unit is loaded with a flat spring. The device case is equipped with external thermal protection for manual use. Between the pyrotechnic checker and the body, channels are made by means of a corrugated gasket for directing the products of the checker combustion from the burning checker end to the outlet through the ablation filler of the cooling block cylinder.

 The device is compact, suitable for manual use by a directed jet of a fire extinguishing mixture having a high temperature gradient as a result of effective cooling.

 However, the design of the device is complicated by assembly technology for organizing the directional action of a fire extinguishing jet.

 These disadvantages are eliminated in the device according to the invention described in the application N 94020391 from 05.31.94, p.p. 2 and 3, FIG. 3, in which the granules of the ablation cooler are also placed between the pyrotechnic block and the outlet openings, but, unlike the device described above, the block is placed inside the capacity of the cooling unit, i.e., the granules are coaxially located on both sides, which more effectively cools the generated gas-aerosol stream.

 The disadvantage of the aerosol generator, selected by the authors as a prototype, is the increased dimensions of the device due to the bulky cooling unit for efficient and uniform reduction of the temperature of the aerosol stream when the pyrotechnic checker burns at the top end.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the cooling efficiency of the fire extinguishing mixture generated by the device and reduce its size.

 The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for volumetric aerosol fire extinguishing, containing coatings with a heat-protective layer, a housing with outlet openings, between which a pyrotechnic checker connected to the ignition assembly is mounted in the capacity of the cooling unit filled with granules or tablets of cooling material, according to the invention the ignition unit is located inside the longitudinal channel of the pyrotechnic checker mounted coaxially with the outlet openings.

 Distinctive features make it possible to separate gas-aerosol flows from a progressively burning checker along the central channel in opposite directions to axisymmetric outlet openings, filling the entire volume of the ablating layer with a fire extinguishing mixture.

 At the same time, the specific heat load on the ablation material of the cooling unit is reduced, the efficiency of which increases.

 Compared with the prototype, the proposed device is simpler in design and has a larger temperature gradient of the center and periphery, to the outlet openings, which allows to reduce its volume and, consequently, dimensions, that is, to create a compact generator without reducing the main technical characteristics.

 The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has purely illustrative purposes and does not limit the scope of rights of the totality of the features of the claims.

 In the case 1 of a cylindrical shape, inside coated with a heat-protective layer 2, a pyrotechnic checker 3 is installed, in the central longitudinal channel 4 of which an ignition device 5 is mounted. On both sides of the checkerboard 3, through the separating nets 6, the cylindrical cavities of the cooling unit 7 are filled with granules or tablets of ablative material 8. The housing 1 is closed on both sides by nozzle grilles 9, which are hermetically closed by rolling with the housing 1. The cells of the grilles 9 act as outlet openings. The outlet openings 10 and 10 'of the opposite gratings 9 are axial (coaxial) to the central channel 4 of the checkers 3.

 The elements of the device are loaded with a spring 11 placed between the grill 9 and the restrictive mesh 12 to fix the position of the cooling layers of the material 8 from dynamic disturbances, for example, transport. The housing 1 is closed on both sides by cap caps 13, which protect the cooling composition of the generator from external influences.

 Communication electric wires 14 (or fire-retardant cord) of the ignition device 5 are laid between the grill 9 and the cover 13, in which the central hole is made.

 The proposed design was implemented in a pilot batch of aerosol brand "Blizzard" for testing and certification tests. The mass of the generator is 0.32 ... 0.34 kg, dimensions: diameter 49 mm, length 206 mm. The weight of the pyrotechnic checkers 3 is 0.075 kg. The device is designed for fire protection of volumes up to 0.8 cubic meters.

 Generators with electric start are triggered when a direct or alternating current pulse is supplied with a voltage of 12 ... 24 V and a current of 0.8 ... 1.2 A.

Generators with thermal start are automatically activated when the temperature of the protective volume increases to 190 ± 15 ^o C and when exposed to an open flame.

 The resulting water vapor and carbon dioxide fill the entire volume of blocks 7, mix with the gas-aerosol stream, diluting it and taking a significant part of the heat. Further, the increasing pressure of the cover 13 is torn off the housing 1 and the fire extinguishing mixture is discharged into the protected volume.

The device for aerosol volumetric fire extinguishing as follows. The device 5, initiated by external action, ignites the checker 3, during combustion of which a gas-aerosol mixture is formed, the flows of which propagate in both directions along the central channel 4 to the outlet openings 10 through ablation material 8. The heat of hot gases and aerosol combustion products starts the endothermic process of chemical decomposition of the material 8 granules a cooler, in particular sodium bicarbonate, a material with high heat absorbing and gas-generating ability. The temperature of the gas-aerosol stream at a distance of 0.5 m from the cutoff of the generator does not exceed 40 ... 60 ^o C.

 When a gas-aerosol mixture is introduced into the combustion zone, the chain mechanism of reproduction of active radicals breaks off - as a result, the fire is suppressed. High dispersion of active particles leads to a high fire extinguishing ability.

 The proposed generator is designed for volume extinguishing class B fires and subclass A2 in sealed or conditionally sealed volumes, solid and liquid combustible substances, as well as electrical equipment, including under voltage.

The device is operable at an ambient temperature of ± 50 ^o C and relative humidity up to 100%.

 The aerosol mixture does not have a harmful effect on humans, does not cause damage to property. A decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air does not occur.

The generator is characterized by a reduced consumption of pyrotechnic composition (20 ... 30 g / m ³ ). The cessation of plasma combustion in the protected space occurs when a fire extinguishing aerosol concentration is reached.

 White plaque deposited on walls, appliances, cables, equipment, is a mixture of potassium carbonate (potash) and potassium chloride and can be easily removed by any method acceptable for this equipment.

Claims (1)

 A device for volumetric aerosol fire extinguishing, comprising a housing with a heat-protective layer with outlet openings between which a pyrotechnic checker connected to the ignition unit is mounted in the capacity of the cooling unit filled with granules or tablets of cooling material, characterized in that the ignition unit is placed inside the longitudinal channel of the pyrotechnic checkers mounted coaxially with the outlet openings.