RU2139612C1 - Circumferential polarization separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: circumferential polarization separator has round waveguide 1 with short-circuiting switch 2 and longitudinal excitation slits 3 and 4 having rectangular shape and cut in side walls of waveguide 1 in mutually perpendicular planes passing through axis of round waveguide and longitudinal axes of slits, two lengths of rectangular waveguides 5 and 6 connected to side walls of waveguide 1 perpendicular to these walls in points of location of excitation slits. Slits match internal sections of these lengths of rectangular waveguides. Lengths of waveguides, dimensions of excitation slits and distance from short-circuiting switch to center of excitation slits are chosen by given relations with allowance for wavelengths in waveguides. EFFECT: separation of waves of circumferential polarization of round waveguide into two waves of linear polarization each propagating over its own waveguide. 5 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of radio engineering, and more specifically to microwave waveguide paths. It can be used in microwave paths to separate a circular polarization wave of a circular waveguide into two linear polarization waves.

Known polarizing separator / 1 / containing a segment of the main waveguide of square cross section, loaded from one end to an agreed load or shorted by a short circuit, two segments of secondary waveguides of rectangular cross section connected to mutually perpendicular walls of the main waveguide, and a segment of an additional waveguide of rectangular cross section, mounted perpendicular to one from the walls of the main waveguide, while the secondary and additional waveguides are connected with the main waveguide by slots uzhdeniya in the walls of the main waveguide and the distance between the slits of excitation and additional secondary waveguides chosen equal to the wavelength λ _in basically waveguide.

 The polarization separator operates as follows. The circular polarization wave propagates along the main waveguide. In the secondary waveguides, waves of orthogonal linear polarizations are excited through the excitation slits, the amplitudes of which are measured in the polarization analyzer. Part of the power of the main waveguide passes to the additional waveguide and excites it through the excitation gap with a linear polarization wave, the value of which is also measured in the polarization analyzer.

 The analogue allows one to determine only the relative content of orthogonal linear polarizations in the circularly polarized wave of the main square waveguide.

Known polarization separator / 2 /, containing a segment of a circular waveguide (OKW), shorted or shorted at one end, and two installed on it coaxially cruciform joints (CC) in the H-plane at a distance of λ _in / 2 from each other, where λ _in - wavelength RCC, four segments of rectangular waveguides (OPV) each, wherein the second CS is set at an angle of 45 ^o with respect to the first broad wall of the first COP arranged three-stage matching stub, the two opposite OPV each COP shorted for short, and the length of Orochony OPV set to 0.75 λ _c1 and λ _c1, where _c1 λ - wavelength in OPV.

The polarization separator works as follows. The wave of circular polarization through the OKW enters the second CS. The components of this wave, polarized linearly at angles of 45 ^° and 135 ^° to the longitudinal axis of the second KS, excite the opposite short-circuited OPW of this KS with linear polarization waves that enter the polarization analyzer. The constituent OKW waves, polarized linearly at angles of 90 ^° and 180 ^° to the longitudinal axis of the first CS, excite opposite short-circuited OPWs of this CS also with linear polarization waves, which arrive at the same polarization analyzer.

 The second analogue also allows one to determine only the relative content of orthogonal linear components in the circular polarization wave of a circular waveguide. However, the second analogue in technical essence is closer to the proposed invention and is selected by the authors as a prototype.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is the problem of dividing a circular polarization wave of a circular waveguide into two linear polarization waves, each propagating in its own waveguide.

The technical result of the proposed solution is a device that separates the wave H ₁₁ circular polarization of a circular waveguide into two waves H ₁₀ linear polarization propagating along segments of rectangular waveguides.

This technical result is achieved in that in a circular polarizer, containing a circular waveguide of length l _B , shorted at one end with a short circuit and having excitation slots in the side walls, and two segments of rectangular waveguides of length l ₁ and l ₂ connected to the side walls of a circular waveguide perpendicular to these walls at the locations of the excitation gaps, it is new that the excitation gaps are made in longitudinal rectangular shape, located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the circular waveguide longitudinal slits axis at a distance l _k from short-circuiting and are aligned along the cross section with an inner cross section of the segments of rectangular waveguide, so that the length and _w and the width b _u longitudinal excitation slits are, respectively, the lengths of the wide and narrow side walls segments of rectangular waveguides, the length l _{in the} circular waveguide, the dimensions of the excitation slots and the side walls of the segments of rectangular waveguides, a _u and b _u , the distance l _to from the short circuit to the middle of the longitudinal excitation slits and lengths l ₁ and l ₂ о sections of rectangular waveguides are selected from the following relationships:
l _at ≥ 2λ _in , (1)
a _u ≈ (0.61 ÷ 0.63) λ _o ; b _u = 0.5a _u (2)
l _to = λ _in / 2 (3)
l ₁ ≥ λ _in1 ; l ₂ ≥ λ _in1 , (4)
where λ _in - wavelength in a circular waveguide, λ _o - wavelength in free space, λ _in1 - wavelength in segments of rectangular waveguides.

The set of essential features of the proposed technical solution allows the wave H _{11 of} circular polarization propagating along a circular waveguide to divide into two waves H _{10 of} linear polarization propagating along segments of rectangular waveguides.

и I_⊥ на внутренних поверхностях боковых стенок круглого волновода, наводимых ортогональными волнами H₁₁ линейной поляризации.In FIG. 1 shows a sketch of the proposed separator circular polarization, in FIG. 2 shows the transverse distributions of the fields of orthogonal waves H _{11 of} linear polarization in a circular waveguide, FIG. 3 - distribution of conduction currents

and I _⊥ on the inner surfaces of the side walls of a circular waveguide induced by orthogonal linear polarization waves H ₁₁ .

 The circular polarization separator of FIG. 1 contains a round waveguide (HF) 1 with a short circuit 2 and longitudinal excitation slots 3 and 4 cut in the side walls of HF1 in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the HF axis and the longitudinal axis of the slots, and two pieces of rectangular waveguides (OPW) 5 and 6, connected to the side walls of KB1 perpendicular to these walls at the locations of the slots 3 and 4, while the sections of the excitation slots (SC) 3 and 4 are aligned with the internal sections of the OPV 5 and 6.

образуя отраженную волну, распространяющуюся по КВ1 в обратном направлении (против стрелки "Н_кр, Вх"). Падающая и отраженная волны, интерферируя, образуют вдоль КВ1 слева от короткозамыкателя 2 стоячие волны полей в волноводе и поверхностных токов проводимости

и I_⊥ на внутренней поверхности боковых стенок волновода с пучностями магнитного поля и токов проводимости в сечениях КВ, отстоящих от короткозамыкателя 2 на расстояниях l_к= mλ_в/2, где λ_в - длина волны H₁₁ в КВ, m = 0, 1, 2... . При m ≥ 1 расстояние l_к равно: λ_в/2, 2λ_в/2, 3λ_в/2 и т.д.The separator of circular polarization works as follows. Wave H _{11 of} circular polarization from the input KB1 "H _cr , In." how the incident propagates along this waveguide along the arrow “N _cr , Bx” towards short circuit 2 and is reflected from the latter with a reflection coefficient

forming a reflected wave propagating along KB1 in the opposite direction (against the arrow "N _cr , Bx"). The incident and reflected waves, interfering, form standing waves of fields in the waveguide and surface conduction currents along KB1 to the left of short circuit 2

and I _⊥ on the inner surfaces of the side walls of the waveguide with the antinodes of the magnetic fields and conduction currents in sections HF spaced from circuiting 2 at distances l _a = mλ _to / 2, where λ _in - H ₁₁ wavelength in the HF, m = 0, 1 , 2 .... For m ≥ 1, the distance l _to is: λ _in / 2, 2λ _in / 2, 3λ _in / 2, etc.

и I_⊥ на внутренней поверхности боковых стенок КВ, наводимых этими ортогональными волнами. Поверхностные токи проводимости, перпендикулярные широким размерам ЩВ и боковых стенок ОПВ а_щ, возбуждают продольные ЩВ 3 и 4, а через них и ОПВ 5 и 6 волнами H₁₀ линейной поляризации с ориентацией вектора

параллельно узким стенкам этих волноводов. Так как ЩВ находятся в пучностях поверхностных токов проводимости, то практически вся энергия этих токов и ортогональных волн H₁₁ линейной поляризации КВ1 переходит в энергию волн H₁₀ линейной поляризации в ОПВ. Волна H₁₁ круговой поляризации КВ1 полностью преобразуется в две волны H₁₀ линейной поляризации, распространяющиеся вдоль ОПВ 5 и 6 от ЩВ 3 и 4 к выходу волноводов "H₁₀, Вых".The longitudinal SHV 3 and 4 in the side walls of KB1 and their continuation OPV 5 and 6 are located so that the midpoints of the longitudinal size of the slots and wide walls of the OPV and _{u are} aligned with the antinodes of the magnetic fields of the linear polarized orthogonal waves H ₁₁ , forming a circularly polarized wave H ₁₁ , and conduction currents

and I _⊥ on the inner surface of the side walls of the HF induced by these orthogonal waves. Surface conduction currents perpendicular wide size ShchV and sidewalls OPV and _u excite longitudinal ShchV 3 and 4, and through them OPV 5 and 6 H ₁₀ waves with linear polarization vector oriented

parallel to the narrow walls of these waveguides. Since the SchWs are located in antinodes of the surface conduction currents, almost all the energy of these currents and orthogonal waves H _{11 of} linear polarization KB1 is converted into the energy of waves H _{10 of} linear polarization in the OPW. The wave H _{11 of} circular polarization KB1 is completely transformed into two waves H _{10 of} linear polarization propagating along the OPW 5 and 6 from SC 3 and 4 to the output of the waveguides "H ₁₀ , Vykh."

In order to confirm the feasibility of the inventive separator of circular polarization made a model of the separator with the following dimensions and parameters:
- operating frequency f _o = 6 GHz;
- wavelength in free space λ _o = 5 cm;
- the radius of the circular waveguide d = 0.38 λ _o = 1.9 cm;
- critical wavelength in kV λ _krn11 = 3.413a = 6.5 cm;
- wavelength in kV λ _ext11 = 7.8 cm;
- the length of the slots and wide walls of the OPV and _u = 3.1 cm = 0.62 λ _o ;
- the width of the slots and narrow walls of the OPV b _u = 1.6 cm;
- the critical wavelength in the OPV λ _krn10 = 6.2 cm;
- wavelength in the OPV λ _ext10 = 8.4 cm;
- length l _in kV l _in = 18 cm;
- the length l ₁ and l ₂ OPV l ₁ = l ₂ = 10 cm;
- the distance l _to from the short circuit to the middle of the SchVl _to = 4 cm

 The circular polarization separator is made of brass L69.

We show that the circular polarization separator is technically implemented and allows us to separate the wave H _{11 of} circular polarization HF into two waves H _{10 of} linear polarization in the OPV.

 According to / 3 /, for an elliptical polarization wave to be excited in any waveguide, a linear polarized wave must be decomposed into two spatial components, introduce a phase shift into one of the spatial components, and then sum both spatial components vectorically. To excite a circularly polarized wave in any waveguide, it is necessary to make the separated spatial components orthogonal and with equal amplitudes, and to make the phase shift of one of the components equal to π / 2 (4, p. 166, 190).

The converse is also true that the circularly polarized field of the H ₁₁ KB wave is the vector sum of two independent spatially orthogonal H ₁₁ waves of linear polarization with equal amplitudes, phase shifted by π / 2/4, p. 191 /. Therefore, at any time in any cross section of the HF field, the circularly polarized wave field H ₁₁ is the sum of the fields of two independent spatially orthogonal linear polarization waves H ₁₁ with equal amplitudes.

параллельно оси OY фиг. 2.а, назовем эту волну параллельной. Тогда вторая пространственно ортогональная волна H₁₁ линейной поляризации будет иметь ориентацию векторов

перпендикулярно оси OY фиг. 2.б, назовем ее перпендикулярной. ЩВ7 фиг. 2. а, соответствующая щели 3 на фиг. 1, расположена на боковой стенке КВ в плоскости, параллельной электрическому вектору

и плоскости YOZ, а ЩВ8 фиг. 2, б, соответствующая щели 4 фиг. 1 - в плоскости, параллельной вектору

и плоскости XOZ, так что ЩВ 3 и 4 фиг. 1 или ЩВ 7 и 8 фиг. 2 расположены во взаимно перпендикулярных плоскостях, проходящих через ось КВ и продольных оси ЩВ.We fix at an arbitrary moment in time the spatially orthogonal fields of waves of linear polarization H ₁₁ , putting in one of them the vector

parallel to the axis OY of FIG. 2.a, we call this wave parallel. Then the second spatially orthogonal linear polarization wave H ₁₁ will have the orientation of the vectors

perpendicular to the axis OY of FIG. 2.b, call it perpendicular. ShchV7 of fig. 2. a corresponding to the slit 3 in FIG. 1, is located on the side wall of the HF in a plane parallel to the electric vector

and plane YOZ, and ЩВ8 of FIG. 2b, corresponding to the slit 4 of FIG. 1 - in a plane parallel to the vector

and the XOZ plane, so that the thyroid glands 3 and 4 of FIG. 1 or SC 7 and 8 of FIG. 2 are located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the HF axis and the longitudinal axis of the HF.

, обозначим

и

, а наводимые магнитным полем перпендикулярной волны

- через Ix⊥ и Iy⊥ .Conduction currents induced on the side walls of the HF by a magnetic field of a parallel wave

, denote

and

, and induced by the magnetic field of a perpendicular wave

- through Ix⊥ and Iy⊥.

на фиг. 3. б - для перпендикулярной волны

Согласно /6, стр. 648, рис. XVI. 13/ щель 9, соответствующая щелям 7 на фиг. 2.а и 3 на фиг. 1, возбуждается током проводимости

параллельной волны

а щель 10, соответствующая щелям 8 фиг. 2, б и 4 фиг. 1, - током Ix⊥ перпендикулярной волны

Через ЩВ 3 и 4 возбуждаются ОПВ 5 и 6 соответственно, примыкающие к щелям 3 и 4, волнами H₁₀ линейной поляризации с ориентацией векторов

в каждом из ОПВ 5 и 6 параллельно узким стенкам и соответственно токам

и Ix⊥ .We note the following features of the fields in the HF and the conduction currents on the side walls of the HF1 shorted at the end. Firstly, the fields and currents are formed along the waveguide on the left of short-circuiting two standing wave with the antinodes of the magnetic field and the conduction currents I _x and I _y in sections, separated by short-circuiting at distances l _a = mλ _to / 2, where λ _in - wavelength in HF, m = 0, 1, 2 .... / 5, p. 24, Fig. 12/. Secondly, the distributions of the conduction currents I _x and I _y along the side walls of the waveguide will be different for parallel and perpendicular waves / 6, p. 648, Fig. Xvi. 13/. The distributions of these currents in mutually perpendicular planes parallel to the YOZ and XOZ planes at the locations of the SC are shown in FIG. 3: in FIG. 3.a - for a parallel wave

in FIG. 3. b - for a perpendicular wave

According to / 6, p. 648, fig. Xvi. 13 / slot 9 corresponding to the slots 7 in FIG. 2.a and 3 in FIG. 1, excited by conduction current

parallel wave

and the slit 10 corresponding to the slots 8 of FIG. 2b and 4 of FIG. 1, - current Ix⊥ of the perpendicular wave

Through SC 3 and 4, OPV 5 and 6 are excited, respectively, adjacent to the slots 3 and 4, by linear polarization waves H ₁₀ with the orientation of the vectors

in each of the OPV 5 and 6 parallel to narrow walls and, accordingly, currents

and Ix⊥.

Thus, the wave H _{11 of} circular polarization KB1 is divided into two waves H _{10 of} linear polarization in the OPV 5 and 6 (Fig. 1). From the outputs of the OPV 5 and 6 "H ₁₀ , Output" waves of H ₁₀ linear polarization can be directed to any consumer, in particular to the analyzer of polarization components.

и Ix⊥ , потому что в пучностях амплитуды этих токов максимальны. Эти пучности располагаются на расстояниях от короткозамыкателя l_к= mλ_в/2; это есть формула (3) описания при m = 1.Obviously, the efficiency of excitation wave H ₁₀ linear polarization in OPV and hence transform wave H ₁₁ circular polarization waves H ₁₀ linear polarization is maximum in the case where the middle longitudinal dimensions ShchV aligned with the antinodes of the excitation currents - surface conduction currents

and Ix⊥, because in antinodes the amplitudes of these currents are maximum. These antinodes are located at distances from the short circuit l _to = mλ _in / 2; this is the formula (3) of the description for m = 1.

In the theory of waveguides, it is proved that the higher types of waves in waveguides practically attenuate at a waveguide length l _in ≥ λ _in / 7, p. 132 / due to inhomogeneity. Considering the heterogeneities in the OPV of the excitation gap at their inputs, we find that the lengths l ₁ and l _{2 of the} OPV should be l ₁ ≥ λ _in1 and l ₂ ≥ λ _in1 , where λ _in1 is the wavelength in the OPV. And this is the formula (4) of the description.

Assuming that the HF heterogeneity of the excitation gap in the side walls, we find the HF length between the HF and its input equal to the wavelength λ _in in HF. Since the alkaline conductors are located at a distance l _k = λ _in / 2 from the short circuit, the total length l _{in the} short circuit must be l _in > λ _in + λ _in / 2 or l _in ≥ 2λ _in , and this is the formula (1) of the description .

When constructing an OPV, the conditions of single-wavelength and the condition for matching the OPV with excitation gaps must be satisfied. The condition for the single-wavelength of the H ₁₀ wave looks / 6, p. 472 / as 0.51λ _o ≤ d _u ≤ 0.75λ _o , b _u = 0.5 a _u , where a _u is the size of the wide OPV wall, λ _o is the wavelength in free space, b _u - the size of the narrow wall OPV.

To match the OPW with the SC in the side walls of the HF, it is necessary to achieve equality of the external conductivity of the slits G _Щ and the wave conductivity G _о OPV / 8, p. 108 /, where G _о = 1 / Z _on , Z _on is the wave resistance of a rectangular waveguide with a wave of the type H. According to / 8, Art. 110, tab. 1.1 or 9, p. 202 / the equality G _u ≈ G _{o is} achieved when d _u ≈ (0.61 - 0.63) λ _o , b _u ≈ 0.5 a _u , where a _u is the longitudinal size of the gap and the size is wide walls of a rectangular waveguide, b _u - the transverse size of the slit and the size of the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide. These dimensions a _u and b _u simultaneously satisfy both the conditions of the single-wavelength of the H ₁₀ wave and the conditions for matching the OPW with the UW in the side walls of the SW. But this is the formula (2) of the description.

 The analysis shows that the proposed circular polarizer separator meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step", is a technical solution, is technically implemented and can be used in microwave paths to separate the circular polarization wave into two linear polarization waves.

Sources of information
1. K. L. Afanasyev, V. I. Saplin. Polarizing Separator. A.S. N 514386 dated 10.04.74. H 01 P 1/16. Op. 05/15/76. Bull. N 18.

 2. O. V. Epifanov, A.V. Khokhlov. Polarization Separator. A.S. N 1370685 from 02.12.85. H 01 P 1/16. Op. 01/30/88. Bull. N 4.

 3. O. V. Epifanov, A. V. Khokhlov. A method of converting a linearly polarized wave into an elliptical polarized wave. A.S. N 1660079 dated 12.07.88. H 01 P 1/65 Op. 06/30/91. Bull. N 24.

 4. Ya.D. Shirman. Radio waveguides and volume resonators, M, Communication and radio, 1959.

 5. Measurements at microwave frequencies. Per. from English under the editorship of B. B. Steinshleiger, M, Sov. Radio, 1952.

 6. A.L. Drabkin, V.L. Zuzenko. AFU, M, Sov. Radio, 1961.

 7. I.V. Lebedev. Microwave equipment and devices. Part 1. Microwave technology, M. Higher School, 1970.

 8. Antennas and microwave devices (design of phased antenna arrays). Ed. prof. DI. Voskresensky, M., Radio and Communications, 1981.

 9. M.S. Beetle, Yu.B. Milk. Designing AFU, M. - L. Energy, 1966.

Claims (1)

A circular polarization separator containing a circular waveguide of length l _in , shorted at one end by a short circuit and having excitation slots in the side walls, and two segments of rectangular waveguides of length l ₁ and l ₂ connected to the side walls of the circular waveguide perpendicular to these walls at the locations of the excitation slots characterized in that the excitation slots are made rectangular in shape and are located in mutually perpendicular planes passing through the axis of the circular waveguide and the longitudinal axes s, at a distance l _k from short-circuiting and are aligned along the cross section with an inner cross section of the segments of rectangular waveguide, so that the length of a _w and the width b _u longitudinal excitation slits are, respectively, the lengths of the wide and narrow side walls segments of rectangular waveguide, the length l _b of the circular waveguide , the dimensions of the excitation slots and side walls of the segments of rectangular waveguides a _u and b _u , the distance l _to from the short-circuit to the middle of the longitudinal excitation slots and the lengths l ₁ and l _{2 of the} segments of rectangular waveguides are selected from ratios:
l _b ≥ 2λ _b ,
a _u = (0.61-0.63) λ ₀ ;
b _u ≈0.5 a _u
l _k = λ _b / 2,
l ₁ ≥ λ _b1 , l ₂ ≥ λ _b1 ,
where λ _b is the wavelength in a circular waveguide;
λ ₀ - wavelength in free space;
λ _b1 - wavelength in segments of rectangular waveguides.

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