RU2139544C1 - General-purpose method of measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: proposed method is aimed at measurement of physical quantities and consists in setting of metric unit (measure ) of measured value with dimensionality of length ( centimeter ) and in its comparison with measured value with the aid of instrument graduated and numbered by specified measure. In particular case of measurement of temperature metric measure of its change equal to pressure of latent mass of heat quanta is set and thermometer whose metric scale has zero division located below zero of Kelvin scale is used. EFFECT: increased measurement accuracy, unification of design of measuring devices. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of measurement of various physical quantities: speed, time, mass, electric current, temperature, etc. A known measurement method consists in setting a unit / measure / measured value with its dimension and using a measuring device calibrated with such a measure . For example, to measure the length, set its measure L = 1 m, implemented by the standard meter, and use measuring devices graduated in meters or multiple measures.

где π = 3,14...
Для измерения линейной скорости задают ее меру C = 1 м/c, являющуюся функцией мер длины и времени, обоснованную формулой скорости

, и используют, например, фрикционный тахометр, проградуированный такой мерой [1] . Для измерения массы задают ее меру m = 1 кг, реализуемую эталоном массы, и используют, например, рычажные весы, проградуированные в килограммах.To measure time, set its measure t = 1 s, implemented by the time standard, and use a clock, for example, with a round scale and a second hand with a constant angular velocity

where π = 3.14 ...
To measure the linear velocity, set its measure C = 1 m / s, which is a function of measures of length and time, justified by the velocity formula

, and use, for example, a friction tachometer graduated with such a measure [1]. To measure the mass, set its measure m = 1 kg, implemented by the mass standard, and use, for example, lever scales graduated in kilograms.

 To measure the strength of the electric current, set its measure I = 1 A, equal to the strength of the electric current, which emits 1.118 mg of metallic silver from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate in 1 second, and use a measuring device / ammeter /, calibrated in amperes or multiples of it [2 ].

 To measure the temperature, set its measure on the Kelvin scale T K = 1 K, equal to 1 / 273.16 of the temperature interval between the triple point of water and the absolute zero temperature, the existence of which was justified by the thermodynamics of the 19th century, which assumed that at such a zero temperature the thermal / chaotic energy / the motion of molecules and atoms is zero. The practical temperature scale of 1968 is based on 11 reference points — temperatures of reproducible equilibrium states of known substances, in particular, boiling of equilibrium hydrogen and its triple point [3].

используемую изобретением [4] , определяющим массу тела в невесомости, пропорциональную времени t = t₂ - t₁, в течение которого происходит заданное приращение ее скорости ΔC = C₂-C₁ при действии постоянной силы F.Known mass measuring devices that implement such a modification of the formula of the second law of mechanics:

used by the invention [4], which determines the mass of a body in zero gravity, proportional to the time t = t ₂ - t ₁ , during which a given increment of its speed ΔC = C ₂ -C ₁ occurs under the action of a constant force F.

 Many of the shortcomings of the known method of measuring physical quantities are caused by the proximity of their known definitions and formulas modeled by measuring devices.

 As is known, “the nature of mass is one of the most important unsolved problems of physics” [5], as a result of which, even when measuring mass, experts do not fully understand what they determine: the amount of matter, the measure of inertness, energy, or something more abstract, mentioned in the famous book [6]. The consequence of this uncertainty was the situation in the physics of microparticles, where, violating the metrological postulate of the uniformity of the measures used, the mass of particles is determined in energy measures / electron volts /, sanctioned by the theory of relativity, which did not approximate the nature of the mass. A disadvantage of the existing practice of measuring mass, which reduces the accuracy of measurements, is the revealed inconstancy of the mass of its standards, which naturally increases by 2-7 μg every year [7]. The discovered inequality of the used standards of mass, as well as the awareness of the possibility of their loss, made the problem of creating an easily reproducible natural standard of mass justified by laws of an objective nature. An attempt to create a natural mass standard was made using an ideal silicon single crystal [8].

A drawback of the well-known practice of measuring speed and time is a long-standing worldview error, according to which "time" (and not speed) was considered the primary concept of natural science. That is why, using various time standards / atomic, space and others /, metrology still did not have the objectively necessary standard of linear velocity, being in contradiction with the basic idea of all measurements, which consists in comparison with the standard. However, it is easy to show that the so-called “time standards” actually use the property of approximate constancy of the average speed of the corresponding physical processes, that is, that all of them are actually “generators” of motion with a constant average speed C, modeling with a scale factor (defined for of each case) the now absent but objectively necessary standard of linear velocity: C ₁ = 1 = const. The indicated discrepancy was partially resolved by using a speed measure in supersonic aviation / independent of time measures / attributing a single value / Mach number / speed of sound: C ₁ = 1 = 340 m / s, and in theoretical physics, a proposal to consider a speed measure equal to dimensionless unit, the speed of light.

 The disadvantages of the known method of measuring the strength of electric current predetermined the contradictions in the answers to the question of what electricity is. It is believed that its carriers are electrons that have “precisely” established charges and mass, however, the apparent uncertainty of the objective content of the concepts of “charge” and “mass” themselves actually devalues the indicated digital knowledge. The consequence of this uncertainty was the imperfect term “electric current strength”, which includes the excess element “force”, borrowed from mechanics, the well-known foundations of which themselves needed to be clarified. Therefore, the practice of measurements used the simpler term "electric current" or even simpler "current".

 The disadvantages of the known method of measuring temperature are associated with the uncertainty of the nature of thermal processes, the most successful explanation of which was offered by the supporters of the now forgotten caloric hypothesis, which allowed the existence of "light matter, akin to light, which does not come into contact with known substances."

 A common drawback of the known method of measuring physical quantities is the incompleteness of its compliance with the great principles of the first metric system of measures that determined its advantages: the uniformity of the measures used, which should be at least an indirect function of length measures, as well as the decimal division of measures that are multiples of the main ones [9].

Более глубокое оправдание указанных принципов метрической системы дает аксиоматическая теория [10], опубликованная в учрежденном мной научном журнале "Аксиоматика природы" /ISS N 0131-9876/, установившая неизвестные ранее закономерности природы, определившие сущность понятий: время, масса, материя, температура, электрический ток и других. Эти закономерности обосновали необходимость использования новой системы мер, в которой размерность любой физической величины явится степенью

размерности длины.The first of these principles was justified by Descartes' idea: “Extent is the only essential attribute of matter”, using which the authors of the metric system proposed to consider the period of oscillation of a second pendulum of unit length as a measure of time, and the mass measure / kilogram / as a mass of 1 dm ^{3 of} pure water at 4 ^o C:

A deeper justification of these principles of the metric system is provided by the axiomatic theory [10], published in the scientific journal Axiomatics of Nature, founded by me / ISS N 0131-9876 /, which established previously unknown laws of nature that determined the essence of concepts: time, mass, matter, temperature, electric current and others. These patterns justified the need to use a new system of measures in which the dimension of any physical quantity is a degree

length dimension.

Недостатком такого соотношения мер являлось неудобство его практического использования.The theory suggested that the time taken by the end of the second hand of an exact clock with a radius of R = 1 cm have a reference speed of C = 1 = 2π cm / min, which implies the ratio of the new and known measures of time: t = 1 cm =

The disadvantage of this ratio of measures was the inconvenience of its practical use.

The theory suggested that the mass standard, simultaneously realizing the function of a new standard of length L ₁ = 1 cm, be the mass of platinum alloy with density ρ = 20 g / cm ³ , equal to 100 grams in known measures, containing approximately a unit volume of indivisible particles: nV. = 1 cm ³ . The disadvantage of such a mass standard is the unknown real properties of the platinum alloy that has not yet been created, which may not be entirely suitable for practical use.

 These and other disadvantages of the known method of measuring physical quantities, which consists in comparison with the standard, eliminates this invention, justified by an updated version of the axiomatic theory, justifying my other inventions [11, 12, 13, 14], reforming the foundations of metrology.

 The aim of this invention is to create a universal method for measuring various physical quantities, including speed, time, mass, temperature, electric current, and others, justified by an updated version of my axiomatic theory, which established previously unknown laws of nature.

 The technical result of the implementation of the invention is the unification of the design of measuring devices of various sizes and improving the accuracy of measurements.

размерности длины и сравнивают с ней измеряемую величину, пользуясь измерительным устройством, проградуированным и оцифрованным заданной мерой.The essence of the invention lies in the fact that they set the unit / measure / measured value with dimension degree

length dimensions and compare the measured value with it, using a measuring device calibrated and digitized by a given measure.

где B₁ = 1 см^x = Y[и] - метрический эталон измеряемой величины, выраженной метрической 1 см^x и известной 1[и] мерами, имеющими соотношение Y;
В см^x и B[и] - измеряемая величина B, выраженная метрической и известной мерами.The invention differs in that the measured value determined by the refined formula is compared with its metric measure, implemented by the metric standard, in accordance with the dependence:

where B ₁ = 1 cm ^x = Y [and] is the metric standard of the measured value expressed in metric 1 cm ^x and known by 1 [and] measures having the ratio Y;
In cm ^x and B [and] is the measured value of B, expressed in metric and known measures.

Вариантом изобретения является способ измерения линейной скорости, определяемой ее уточненной формулой:

где ΔL и ΔL₁ - малые измерения расстояний L и L₁ , одновременно проходимых с измеряемой C и эталонной C₁ = const скоростями, представленными в измерительном устройстве сигналами кС и кС₁ с коэффициентом пропорциональности K, для чего задают метрическую /безразмерную/ меру скорости: C₁ = 1, реализуемую метрическим эталоном скорости, равным скорости конца секундной стрелки точных часов, описывающего за 1 минуту радиусом R

1,59 см окружность длиной L = 2πR = 10 см, и используют устройство измерения скорости, где сравниваемые сигналы, пропорциональные ΔL и ΔL₁, поступают на вход блока деления, выход которого связан с блоком индикации, проградуированным метрической мерой скорости, имеющей такое соотношение с известной: C = 1 = 10 см/мин.For example, the length is determined by such a comparison formula with its proposed standard: L ₁ = 1 cm = 0.01 m,

A variant of the invention is a method of measuring linear velocity, determined by its refined formula:

where ΔL and ΔL ₁ are small measurements of the distances L and L ₁ simultaneously traveled with the measured C and reference C ₁ = const velocities represented in the measuring device by the signals kC and kC ₁ with a proportionality coefficient K, for which a metric / dimensionless / measure of speed : C ₁ = 1, implemented by the metric speed standard equal to the speed of the end of the second hand of the exact clock, describing in 1 minute the radius R

1.59 cm circumference with a length of L = 2πR = 10 cm, and a speed measuring device is used, where the compared signals proportional to ΔL and ΔL ₁ are fed to the input of the division unit, the output of which is connected to the display unit calibrated by a metric speed measure having such a ratio with known: C = 1 = 10 cm / min.

Another embodiment of the invention is the measurement of time, for which they set its metric measure t ₁ = 1 cm, justified by the specified time formula: t = L ₁ / C ₁ = L ₁ , where L ₁ is the distance traveled with a reference speed equal to the dimensionless unit C ₁ = 1, which is the speed of the "flow of time", equal to the distance L ₁ = 1 cm, traveled with a reference speed C ₁ = 1 = 10 cm / min, and use a time measuring device containing a linear scale length of, for example, 10 cm, graduated in centimeters, with a pointer moving on a scale with a reference speed, and t kzhe decimal counter distance traveled with the reference speed, the digitized metric measure of time having such a relationship with known: t = 1 cm = 0.1 min.

A variant of the invention is also the measurement of mass, determined by its refined formula:
m = nV _• = ρV,
where V = V _o + (n + n ^- ) V _• = V _o + m + m ^- is the measured volume of matter containing the void volume V _о ≈ 2 / 3V and the sum of (n + n ^- ) indivisible particles of extremely small volume V _• constituting an indirectly measured mass m = nV _{• with a} density ρ and inversely proportional to it unmeasured / latent / mass m ^- = n ^- V _• ≈ V / 3-nV _• including the latent mass of fissile particles / quanta / electricity, heat and light.

не меньший 4,46 см³, например монокристалла сапфира с измеряемым объемом

25,4 см³,
и используют массоизмерительное устройство, блок индикации которого градуируют метрической мерой массы, имеющей такое соотношение с известной:

Предлагаемый метрический /естественный/ эталон массы может одновременно исполнять и функцию нового эталона длины L₁ = 1 см, реализуемого, например, двумя сторонами прямоугольного параллелепипеда, третья сторона которого окажется численно равной объему предлагаемого эталона массы. Например, метрический эталон массы из иридия с измеряемым объемом V = 100г/22,42 г/см³ ≈ 4,46 см³ будет иметь такую длину трех его ребер: 1 см, 1 см, ≈ 4,46 см.To do this, set the metric / volumetric / mass measure: m _I = 1 cm ³ , implemented by the metric mass standard, equal to 0.1 kg in known measures, containing approximately a unit particle volume nV _• = 1 cm ³ , made of a substance of precisely established composition with a small coefficient of volume expansion, having a volume measured with the necessary accuracy:

not less than 4.46 cm ³ , for example a sapphire single crystal with a measured volume

25.4 cm ³
and use a mass measuring device, the display unit of which is graduated by a metric measure of mass, having such a ratio with the known:

The proposed metric / natural / mass standard can simultaneously fulfill the function of a new standard of length L ₁ = 1 cm, implemented, for example, by two sides of a rectangular parallelepiped, the third side of which will be numerically equal to the volume of the proposed mass standard. For example, the metric mass standard of iridium with a measured volume of V = 100g / 22.42 g / cm ³ ≈ 4.46 cm ³ will have the length of its three ribs: 1 cm, 1 cm, ≈ 4.46 cm.

 In the manufacture of a similar mass standard from a single crystal of diamond, the measurement and control of its size can be ensured by optical methods with extremely high accuracy.

и т.д.To measure the mass with a metric measure / in cubic centimeters / it is possible to use all known scale designs, differing only in that they are calibrated with a metric / volumetric / mass measure, which weights are digitized / weights / having, for example, such a mass expressed metric and famous measures:

etc.

где F = const - постоянная ускоряющая сила /перпендикулярная силе веса/, изменяющая за время t скорость измеряемой массы m на заданную величину ΔC = C₂ - C₁ = const;
F = 1 см² = 10 кг•см/мин² - соотношение метрической и известной мер силы, содержащей счетчик, вход которого соединен с выходом логической схемы И, имеющей один вход, связанный с источником сигналов постоянной частоты, пропорциональной ускоряющей силе f ~ F, и второй вход, связанный с датчиком времени t = t₂-t₁, входным элементом которого является датчик двух заданных скоростей измеряемой массы C₁ и C₂. Средством создания силы F может быть для лабораторного массоизмерительного устройства, например, встроенный метрический эталон массы, изготовленный из монокристалла сапфира, закрепленный на свободном конце "невесомой" нити, переброшенной через блок, другой конец которой связан с измеряемой массой, движущейся с пренебрежимо малым трением по горизонтальным направляющим.In this case, for example, a mass measuring device is used, where the display unit is connected to the output of a circuit that implements such a modification of the formula of the second law of mechanics:

where F = const is a constant accelerating force / perpendicular to the force of weight /, changing over time t the speed of the measured mass m by a given value ΔC = C ₂ - C ₁ = const;
F = 1 cm ² = 10 kg • cm / min ² - the ratio of the metric and known measures of force containing a counter, the input of which is connected to the output of the logic circuit And, having one input connected to a source of constant frequency signals proportional to the accelerating force f ~ F , and a second input associated with a time sensor t = t ₂ -t ₁ , the input element of which is a sensor of two given speeds of the measured mass C ₁ and C ₂ . The means of creating the force F can be for a laboratory mass measuring device, for example, an integrated metric mass standard made of sapphire single crystal, mounted on the free end of a “weightless” thread thrown through a block, the other end of which is connected with the measured mass moving with negligible friction along horizontal guides.

имеющей постоянную абсолютную скорость C., изменяющую за нулевое время соударения с другими свое направление на угол γ_•≤ π = 3,14..., для чего задают метрическую /безразмерную/ меру температуры T₁ = 1, реализуемую метрическим эталоном температуры, равным разности температур кипения равновесного водорода и его тройной точки: ΔT = T_n+1 - Т_n = 20,28 K - 13,81 K = 6,47 K, и используют термометр, проградуированный и оцифрованный метрической мерой температуры, имеющей такое соотношение с известной: T₁ = 1 = 6,47 K.Another embodiment of the invention is a method of measuring temperature, determined by its refined formula: T = p _t ^- ~ p _. ^- , where p _t ^- is the latent pressure of heat quanta proportional to the measured gas pressure in the chamber of constant volume, as well as the latent pressure of the indivisible particle

having a constant absolute speed C., changing its direction by the angle γ _• ≤ π = 3.14 ... for zero time of impact with others, for which a metric / dimensionless / measure of temperature T ₁ = 1, implemented by the metric temperature standard, equal to the difference in boiling points of equilibrium hydrogen and its triple point: ΔT = T _{n + 1} - T _n = 20.28 K - 13.81 K = 6.47 K, and a thermometer calibrated and digitized by a metric temperature measure having such a ratio with known: T ₁ = 1 = 6.47 K.

Zero T ₀ = 0 of the proposed metric temperature scale is recognized as a point remote from T _n at a distance of nТ ₁ , equal, for example, at n = 3 3 • 6.47 K = 19.41 K.

To convert the known Kelvin temperature T K to metric T, use the following transition formula: T = (TK / T ₁ K) + T _x , where T _x = 0.8655. . . - metric temperature equivalent to absolute zero Kelvin scale.

In this case, the following metric / dimensionless / ratio of known pressure measures is used: p ₁ = F ₁ / S ₁ = 1 = 10 kg / (cm • min ² ).

где Δm $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{e}}$ - скрытая масса /заряд/ квантов электричества, проходящая через сечение проводника за малое время Δt.
Для этого задают метрическую меру электрического тока: I = 1 см² и используют измерительное устройство любой известной конструкции, которое градуируют заданной метрической мерой, имеющей некоторое соотношение Y с известной: I = 1 см² = Y A, определяемое международным соглашением специалистов-метрологов.An embodiment of the invention is also a method of measuring / force / electric current equal to the consumption of the latent mass of electricity quanta:

where Δm $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{e}}$ - hidden mass / charge / quanta of electricity passing through the cross section of the conductor in a short time Δt.
To do this, set the metric measure of electric current: I = 1 cm ² and use a measuring device of any known design, which is graduated by a given metric measure having a certain ratio Y with the known: I = 1 cm ² = YA, determined by the international agreement of metrologists.

So, for example, when Y = 10 ⁴ use the ratio of the metric and known measures of electric current: I = 1 cm ² = 10 ⁴ A.

 In FIG. 1 shows a speed measuring device.

 In FIG. 2 shows a device for measuring time intervals.

 In FIG. 3 shows a metric mass standard made of iridium, as well as a scale of lever scales, digitized by metric / volume / measure.

In FIG. 4 shows a laboratory mass measuring device that implements an updated formula for the measured mass: m = nV _• = t • const.
In FIG. 5 shows the scale of the device for measuring electric current, digitized by its metric measure.

 In FIG. 6 shows the low-temperature part of the metric scale of the thermometer, digitized by the metric / dimensionless / and known temperature measures.

имеет связанный с блоком индикации 1 двоичный счетчик 2, входы /счетный и сброса/ которого соединены с датчиками 3 и 4, закрепленными у окружности колес 5 и 6, где с равным интервалом ΔL нанесено равное число m сигнальных меток 7. При этом колесо 5 закреплено на входном валу, имеющем возможность вращения.The speed measuring device shown in FIG. 1 that implements the refined velocity formula:

has a binary counter 2 connected to the display unit 1, inputs / counting and reset / which are connected to the sensors 3 and 4, fixed at the circumference of the wheels 5 and 6, where an equal number m of signal marks 7 is applied with an equal interval ΔL. Wheel 5 is fixed on the input shaft, with the possibility of rotation.

Depicted in FIG. 6, the scale of the thermometer measuring the temperature with a metric / dimensionless / measure is graduated using two reference points equal to the boiling point of equilibrium hydrogen and the temperature of its triple point, the difference of which determines the unit of the metric scale of such a thermometer: ΔT = T ₄ - T ₃ = 1 = 6 , 47 K.

The remaining scale divisions of such a thermometer are plotted with a step ΔT from the reference point T ₃ . Thus, the location of the scale divisions is obtained: T ₂ = 2 = 7.34 K, T ₁ = 1 = 0.87 K, T ₀ = 0 = -5.6 K.

то есть

Откуда: T_x = 5,6 K / 6,47 K= 0,8655...This shows that the point T _{0 of the} metric temperature scale is located below the so-called "absolute zero" Kelvin scale T _x K = 0 K, the metric equivalent of which is found from such a proportion of the temperature ranges of the proposed scale:

i.e

Location: T _x = 5.6 K / 6.47 K = 0.8655 ...

 As you know, temperatures have already been obtained that are only a millionths of a degree away from the invented “absolute zero”, the use of which, as a very unsteady / hypothetical / reference point on the temperature scale, should be recognized as a mistake that clearly inhibits the progress of research in this field of science and technology.

 Using the formula for the transition from temperature values on the Kelvin scale to metric: T = T K / 6.47 K + 0.8655 ..., we obtain a table of correspondence of temperatures expressed by the known T K and the proposed metric T measures (see the end of the text).

The theory that justified this invention [10] provides the possibility of a simple explanation of many natural phenomena, and in particular, the "shape memory effect", which consists, for example, in an alloy, "nitinol" (Ti-Ni), when heated to a temperature of T _3, to restore its original the geometric shape previously set at a temperature T ₁ greater than T ₃ , but then changed at a temperature T ₂ less than T ₃ .

It can be assumed that, when the nitinol cools down from a temperature of T ₁ to T ₂ , a crystal-like structure, including a latent mass of heat quanta destroyed by the deformation of this material at a low temperature T _2, “freezes” into the space between its molecules. Heating such a deformed nitinol product to a temperature of T ₃ restores its damaged heat quanta embedded in the microstructure of the alloy, leading to the observed effect of restoring its original geometric shape. This invention, reforming the foundations of metrology, suggests the need to use a previously absent standard of linear velocity, an easily reproducible standard of mass and others, the introduction of which will lead to unification of the design of measuring devices of various physical quantities and to increase the accuracy of measurements.

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Claims (5)

1. A universal way of measuring physical quantities, which consists in setting a metric unit (measure) of the measured quantity with a degree dimension

length dimensions (centimeter) and compare the measured value with it, using a measuring device calibrated and digitized by a given measure, characterized in that the measured value determined by the refined formula is compared with its metric measure implemented by the metric standard, in accordance with the dependence

where B ₁ = 1 cm ^x = Y [and] is the metric standard of the measured value expressed in metric 1 cm ^x and known 1 [and] measures having the ratio Y;
In cm ^x and B [and] is the measured value of B, expressed in metric and known measures,
in this case, for example, for measuring the linear velocity determined by its refined formula

where ΔL and ΔL ₁ are small changes in the distances L and L ₁ simultaneously traveled with the measured C and reference C ₁ = const velocities represented by the signals kC and kC ₁ with the proportionality coefficient K in the measuring device, specify a metric (dimensionless) measure of speed C ₁ = 1, implemented by the metric speed standard equal to the speed of the end of the second hand of the exact clock, which describes the radius in 1 min

a circle of length L = 2πR = 10 cm, and a speed measuring device is used, where the compared signals proportional to ΔL and ΔL ₁ are fed to the input of the division unit, the output of which is connected to the display unit, calibrated by a metric speed measure, which has the following relation: C = 1 = 10 cm / min. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for measuring the time determined by its refined formula
t = L ₁ / C ₁ = L ₁ ,
where L ₁ - the distance traveled with a reference speed equal to the dimensionless unit C ₁ = 1, which is the speed of the "flow of time",
set a metric measure of time t ₁ = 1 cm equal to the distance L ₁ = 1 cm traveled with a reference speed C ₁ = 1 = 10 cm / min, and use a time measuring device containing a linear scale length of, for example, 10 cm, graduated in centimeters, with a pointer moving on a scale with a reference speed, as well as a decimal counter of the distance traveled with such a reference speed, digitized by a metric time measure, having such a ratio with the known:
t = 1 cm = 0.1 min. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for measuring mass determined by its refined formula
m = nV _• = ρV,
where V = V ₀ ^{+ (n + n -) V} . = V ₀ + m + m ^{- -} measured volume of matter, comprising a void volume V ₀ ≈ 2 / 3V and the sum of (n + n ^-) indivisible particles extremely small volume _V. constituting the indirectly measured mass m = nV _. a density ρ, and inversely proportional to it unmeasured (hidden) mass m ^- = n ^- _V. ≈ V / 3 - nV _. , including the hidden mass of fissile particles (quanta) of electricity, heat and light,
set a metric (volumetric) measure of mass m _I = 1 cm ³ , implemented by a metric mass standard equal to 0.1 kg in known measures, containing approximately a unit particle volume nV _. = 1 cm ³ made of a chemically pure substance with a small coefficient of volume expansion, for example iridium, having a volume measured with the necessary accuracy, not less than 4.46 cm ³ , i.e.

and use a mass measuring device, the display unit of which is graduated by a metric measure of mass, having such a ratio with the known:

for example, a device where the display unit is connected to the output of a circuit implementing the formula
m = t • const ~

where F = const is a constant accelerating force, changing over time t the speed of the measured mass m by a given value ΔC = const;
F = 1 cm ² = 10 kg • cm / min ² - the ratio of the metric and known measures of force,
containing a counter, the counting input of which is connected to the output of the AND logic circuit, which has one input connected to a signal source of a given frequency proportional to the accelerating force f ~ F, and a second input connected to a time sensor t = t ₂ - t ₁ (whose input element is a speed sensor), which makes it possible for an And circuit to appear at the input of a circuit during a period of time t that opens its DC voltage, switched from its source. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for measuring the temperature determined by its refined formula
T = p _t ^- ~ p,
where p _t ^- is the latent pressure of heat quanta proportional to the measured pressure p of the gas in the chamber of constant volume, expressed by a metric (dimensionless) measure,
set a metric (dimensionless) measure of temperature T ₁ = 1, implemented by the metric temperature standard equal to the difference in boiling points of equilibrium hydrogen and its triple point
ΔT ₁ = T _{n + 1} - T _n = 6.47 K for n = 3,
and use a thermometer calibrated and digitized by a metric measure of temperature, which has such a ratio with the known
T ₁ = 1 = 6.47 K,
in this case, zero T _{0 of the} metric temperature scale is recognized as a point remote from T _n at a distance of n • T ₁ , and the transition from the known value of the Kelvin temperature T To metric T is carried out according to
T = TK / T ₁ K + T _x ,
where T _x = 0.8655 ... is the metric temperature equal to absolute zero of the Kelvin scale. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for measuring an electric current equal to the consumption of the latent mass of electricity quanta

where Δm $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{-}}{\text{e}}$ - the latent mass (charge) of quanta of electricity passing through the cross section of the conductor in a short time Δt,
set the metric measure of electric current I = 1 cm ² and use a measuring device of any known design, which is graduated with a given metric measure having a certain ratio Y with the known
I = 1 cm ² = YA,
so, for example, when Y = 10 ⁴ use such a ratio of metric and known measures
I = 1 cm ² = 10 ⁴ A.

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