RU2138449C1 - Filling bed for drinking water production plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drinking water production. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plants providing disinfecting and conditioning of water from unverified sources. Filling bed includes, successively in water passage direction, the following layers, vol. parts: silver-containing adsorbent 0.5-1.5, iodine-containing material 1.0-3.0, anionite in halide form 1.0-3.0, carbon adsorbent 0.5- 3.0, and fluorine-containing adsorbent 0.8-3.5. Additionally, fibrous polymer material can be present in amounts 0.1 to 4.0 vol. parts and weighing 10 to 600 g/m, which is disposed in the form of insertions between layers or in the form of flexible sacs. Silver-containing adsorbent is a mixture of silver-containing ionite with silver content 0.1-0.4 g per 1 g of ionite and carbon adsorbent at their volume ratio (0.3-1.0):(0-1.0). Fluorine-containing adsorbent is ionite containing hard-soluble fluoride in amount 0.05-0.4 g per 1 g of ionite. Fluorine-containing adsorbent layer can be located either after silver-containing adsorbent layer or after anionite layer. High-quality drinking water thus produced protects against radionuclides and prevents carries development. EFFECT: improved quality of drinking water. 10 cl, 2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of drinking water, in particular, to fillers of devices for cleaning, disinfecting and conditioning water from unverified sources. In connection with the increase in general pollution of water consumption sources, there is a need for reliable cleaning and disinfection of water intended for drinking. To a large extent, this problem can be solved using devices of small and medium capacity, in which fillers containing inorganic bactericides (iodine and silver) are used, which, when combined, exhibit an enhanced disinfecting effect. However, the absence of fluorine ions in purified drinking water helps to weaken the body's protective functions against radionuclides and caries (Knizhnikov V. A. Calcium and fluorine. Radiation-hygienic aspects. M., Atomizdat, 1975, 200 p.)

 Known filler devices for the purification and disinfection of tap, spring or well water, consisting of five sections connected in series to each other, which are filled with materials. The water in the filler sequentially passes through a fibrous filter material, iodine-containing anion exchange resin, activated carbon, silver-containing cation exchange resin, iodine-containing anion-exchange resin, activated carbon, a mixture of anion exchangers, silver-containing cation exchange resin and activated carbon (Russian Patent N 2008273, CL C 02 F 1/42, cl. 1994). The filler of the device allows you to purify water from contaminants, the content of which in the water is several times higher than the MPC. At the outlet of the device, water suitable for drinking and corresponding to GOST 2874 is obtained. The disadvantages of such a filler include the fact that it lacks a component that allows prophylaxis against damage to the body by radionuclides and caries, as well as high multilayerness, which requires a significant increase in overpressure water at the inlet to the filler (additional equipment required). This complicates the possibility of using such a filler in simple devices for cleaning and conditioning water in the field and in extreme situations.

 Known filler multilayer device for cleaning and disinfecting water, consisting of layers separated by partitions. The filler layer by layer consists of a layer of granular activated carbon, a layer of pentaiodide anion exchange resin, a third layer - an empty component-free layer of an anion exchange resin (as iodine sorbent) and an activated carbon layer (PCT 97/06109, C 02 F 9/00, 1997 ) The filler device allows you to clean and disinfect water. An increase in the disinfecting ability of the filler is associated with an increase in the contact time of water with the disinfecting component, including iodine, which is released from the pentaiodide anion exchange resin layer.

 The disadvantages of this filler include the use of only one disinfectant, as a result of which there is no synergistic (enhancing) effect from the use of different types of disinfectants. Because of this, an additional “empty” layer is introduced into the device. Also, there is no component in the filler that allows prophylaxis against damage to the body by radionuclides and caries.

 Known composition (filler device) for the treatment of drinking water, consisting of activated carbon and a polymer carrier, which includes sparingly soluble fluorine compounds (Russian Patent N 2092451, CL C 02 F 1/68, 1998). The composition allows to purify water from organochlorine compounds and partially from heavy metals. Fluoride ions released from the composition contribute to the protection of the human body from radionuclides and caries. The disadvantages of this composition include weakly expressed ion-exchange properties, which do not allow you to actively remove impurities such as heavy metal ions. In addition, the absence of disinfecting materials in the composition contributes to its fouling by bacteria.

 A multilayer filler of a device for cleaning and disinfecting water is known, in which water treatment consists in passing it sequentially through a layer of iodine-containing anion exchange resin, an adsorbent layer containing silver, or a mixture of a carbon adsorbent with an adsorbent containing silver. In the filler, along the water, in front of the iodine-containing anion-exchange resin, layers of cation-exchange material, anion-exchange material, fibrous carbon-containing sorbent or activated carbon can also enter. After the iodine-containing anion-exchange resin, in the course of water, layers of cation-exchange material, anion-exchange material, a fibrous carbon-containing sorbent or activated carbon can enter the filler. Between the components of the filler in places where it is necessary, as well as at the inlet and outlet, partitions of porous polymeric materials are installed (WO 95/31403, C 02 F 1/42, 1995). The filler has a high resource for cleaning water from harmful impurities and its disinfection at high process speeds. So, when used in an individual tubular type device, the resource for cleaning and disinfecting water is 25-30 l with an initial water transmission rate of 140-145 ml / min.

 The main disadvantage of such a filler is that the proposed placement of the layers does not allow to obtain silver ion concentrations below the MPC (0.05 mg / l) at the outlet of the filler, especially when passing the first liters of water. The disadvantages of the filler include the lack of a component that allows prophylaxis against damage to the body by radionuclides, caries and its high multicomponentity, which significantly complicates the filler.

 An analysis of the current state of the art shows that the closest technical solution to the proposed one is the filler of a device for water disinfection, which consists of silver-containing cation exchange resin, sequentially modified along the water, modified with mad soluble silver compounds, an iodine-containing component (solid iodine with a particle size of at least 0.25 mm ) and a layer of anion exchange resin in a halide form - an iodine scavenger (Russian Patent N 2043310, C 02 F 1/50, 1995). The device filler allows you to disinfect water with high microbial contamination by bacteria of various types. At the same time, the water disinfection resource is 30-40 l at a transmission rate through the filler of 100 ml / min. The mass of the filler in this case is 8-10 g. The filler of the device can serve as a source of disinfected water in extreme situations.

 The disadvantages of such a filler include a low degree of removal of organic impurities (pesticides, organochlorine) and heavy metal ions, as well as the absence of a component that allows prophylaxis against damage to the body by radionuclides and caries. The disadvantages include a high concentration of silver at the outlet of the filler, which does not meet the requirements for drinking water (MPC is 5–9 times higher), as a result of which the filler cannot be used for domestic purposes.

 In this regard, a technical problem arose - the development of a filler device for producing drinking water with quality indicators that meet the requirements of GOST 2874 "Drinking water", which also serves as a preventive measure against damage to the body by radionuclides and caries.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the filler of the device for producing drinking water includes successively layers of a silver-containing adsorbent, iodine-containing material, anion exchange resin in a halide form, a carbon adsorbent and a fluorine-containing adsorbent in their ratio, vol.h .:
Silver-containing adsorbent - 0.5-1.5
Iodine-containing material - 1.0-3.0
Anion exchange resin in the halide form - 1.0-3.0
Carbon adsorbent - 0.5-3.0
Fluorine-containing adsorbent - 0.8-3.5
In addition, the filler may contain fibrous polymeric material in an amount of 0.1-4.0 vol.h. with a weight of 10-600 g / m, which is placed in the form of gaskets between the layers or in the form of flexible bags. Moreover, as a silver-containing adsorbent, a mixture of silver-containing ion exchange resin with a silver content of 0.1-0.4 g per gram of dry ion exchange resin and a carbon adsorbent is used, with their ratio, ob.ch .: 0.3-1.0: 0-1.0 respectively, and an ion exchanger containing sparingly soluble fluoride in an amount of 0.05-0.4 g / gram dry ion exchanger is used as a fluorine-containing adsorbent. In addition, the fluorine-containing adsorbent layer may be located after the silver-containing adsorbent layer or after the anion exchanger layer in a halide form.

 As a silver-containing ion exchange resin, silver-containing strongly acid styrene-divinylbenzene cation exchangers with a silver content of at least 0.1 g silver per gram of dry ion exchange resin are used; macroporous cation exchangers and anion exchangers containing sparingly soluble silver compounds in the same amount.

 Solid iodine and / or iodine-containing anion exchange resin are used as iodine-containing material.

 As the anion exchange resin in the halide form, a highly basic quaternary ammonium styrene-divinylbenzene anion exchange resin in chloride, bromide or iodide form is used.

 As the fluorine-containing adsorbent, macroporous cation exchangers and / or anion exchangers are used, containing 0.05-0.4 g of calcium or magnesium fluoride per 1 g of dry ion exchanger.

 Activated carbons or carbon fibrous materials used in the processes of preparing drinking water are used as a carbon adsorbent.

 As fibrous polymeric materials separating the filler layers in the form of gaskets or flexible bags, for example, neutral or ion-exchange fibrous materials with a weight of 10-600 g / m are used.

 The filler can be used in devices of small and medium capacity, made in the form of one or more columns having a round, square or figured section of the filter element, a cylindrical or conical working part.

 Analysis of the inventive filler of the device for producing drinking water and known technical solutions shows that there is no totality of features that are identical in technical essence to the claimed. A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known technical solution shows that the claimed solution is characterized by a qualitative and quantitative ratio of the components of the filler, and the introduction of a fluorine-containing adsorbent ensures the prevention of damage to the body by radionuclides and caries, that is, it gives physiologically necessary properties to water. The filler ensures the production of drinking water that meets the requirements for drinking water for a greater number of quality indicators (content of organic impurities, heavy metals, silver).

 Thus, the claimed filler meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." In the literature and practice there is no information about the filler, identical to the proposed one and this does not follow explicitly from the prior art. This allows us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step". The proposed solution ensures the achievement of a technical result, can be implemented upon receipt and conditioning of drinking water, especially in extreme conditions and provides the possibility of its multiple reproduction, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

 The efficiency of the device filler in each of the presented examples was determined by the effectiveness of disinfection, the degree of water purification and its saturation with fluorine and silver ions.

 The invention is illustrated by examples.

 Example 1. In a column with an inner diameter of 10 mm and a height of 170 mm, the following layers are arranged sequentially along the purified water: a layer of silver-containing adsorbent (SA), consisting of a mixture of activated carbon (AU1) SKT (TU 6-16-2477-81) with silver-containing cation exchange resin (SI) KU-23SM (TU 6-06-10-88), a layer of iodine-containing component (YK) in the form of an iodine-containing anion exchange resin SIA-1 (TU 64-2-381-87), a layer of highly basic quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin AB- 17-8hs (GOST 20301) in chloride form (AB), a layer of activated carbon (AU2) BAU-B (GOST 6217) and a layer of fluorine-containing ads rbenta (IF) KU-FLUORINATOR (TU 2227-374- 09201208-98). The volume ratio of the components (layers) of the filler and the order of their location are presented in table 1.

 A model aqueous solution prepared on water from the Moskva River in an amount of 30 l with an initial rate of 100 ml / min is passed through the column. The composition of the model solution includes heavy metals: iron, mercury, lead, strontium, cadmium in the amount of 10 MAC, organochlorides (chloroform) - 5 MAC, phenol -0.005 mg / l, bacteria of the E. Coli group - 10 ^ 6 cells / l, Staphilococcus aureus - 10 ^ 6 cells / l, B.anthracoides - 10M ^ 6 cells / l, poliomyelitis virus - 4.0 = 0.25 log TCD 50 / l, lamblia cysts - 5 specimens / l, cryptosporidia - 5 specimens / l The content at the output of heavy metals was not more than 0.4-0.8 MAC. The content of organochlorides was not more than 0.2 MAC, phenol - 0.0003 mg / L. The water content of fluorine and silver ions at the outlet of the filler also met the requirements of GOST 2874. The data are presented in table 2.

 The content of bacteria of the group E.Coli, Staphilococcus aureus, B.anthracoides, poliomyelitis virus, cysts of giardia, cryptosporidia at the outlet of the filler complies with hygiene standards.

 Content analyzes: mercury, lead, strontium, cadmium were carried out by atomic absorption method; iron - according to GOST 4011; fluorine ions - according to GOST 4386; silver ions - according to GOST 18293; organochlorides and phenols - according to the reference book “Properties, methods of analysis and water purification” - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1980, part 1.2; bacteria, poliomyelitis virus, Giardia cysts - according to the guidelines for the sanitary-biological analysis of surface water bodies water - M .: MZ USSR, 1981.

 Example 2. In a square-section device with a side of 70 mm and a height of 100 mm, the following filler layers are arranged sequentially along the water to be purified: a layer based on a mixture of a carbon-containing fibrous adsorbent KNM (TU 6-16-28-1561-93) with anion exchange resin AB-17 -10P (GOST 20301), containing in its composition a sparingly soluble silver compound AgCl; a layer of anion exchange resin A-505 (PUROLITE) containing a sparingly soluble fluorine compound MqF .; a layer of iodine-containing anion exchange resin BA-1 (TU 2227-351-09201208-95); a layer of highly basic Quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin AB-17-10P in iodide form; AGS-4 activated carbon layer (TU 6-16-2420-80).

 A model aqueous solution is prepared through the filler, prepared in the amount of 450 l on tap dechlorinated water in Moscow at an initial rate of 150-200 ml / min. The model solution consisted of heavy metals: iron, mercury, lead, cadmium in an amount of 5 MPC, organochlorides - 2 MPC, phenol - 0.005 mg / l, bacteria of the E. Coli group - 10 ^ 6 cells / l, Staphilococcus aureus - 10 ^ 6 cells / liter, B.anthracoides - 10 ^ 6 cells / liter, poliomyelitis virus - 2.0 = 0.25 log TCD 50 / liter, cryptosporidia - 5 equiv / liter. The content at the output of heavy metals was not more than 0.4 - 0.8 MAC. The content of organochlorides was not more than 0.1 MPC, phenol - 0.0003 mg / L. The content of fluorine and silver ions in the water at the outlet of the willow filler also met the requirements of GOST 2874. The data are presented in table 2.

 The volume ratio of the components (layers) of the filler and the order of their location are presented in table 1. The content of silver, fluorine, iron, mercury, lead, cadmium ions, organochlorine compounds and phenol in water is presented in table 2.

 The content of bacteria of the group E.Coli, Staphilococcus aureus, B.anthracoides, poliomyelitis virus, cryptosporidia at the exit of the filler complies with hygienic standards.

 Example 3. In a device consisting of four separate columns arranged separately, with a volume of 550 ml each, water is charged with a filler: a layer of a mixture of activated carbon AC-20G (PUROLITE) with cation exchange resin C-150 (PUROLITE), which contains poorly soluble AgO silver compound; a layer of a mixture of iodine-containing anion-exchange resin BA-1 with solid iodine (GOST 4159) (particle size 1-2.5 mm) in a ratio of 1: 1; a layer of highly basic quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin A-100 (PUROLITE) in chloride form; a layer of carbon-containing adsorbent KNM; a layer of KU-23 cation exchanger containing a sparingly soluble fluorine compound CaF. Each of the layers of the filler is packaged in a flexible bag with permeable walls of fibrous polymeric material (VPM) Agril with a weight of 10 g / m.

 A model aqueous solution in the amount of 3000 l is passed through the filler at a rate of 1.0 - 1.2 l / min. The parameters of the model solution are presented in Example 1. The volume ratio of the filler components (layers) and the order of their location are presented in Table 1. The content of silver, fluorine, iron, mercury, lead, strontium, organochlorine compounds, and phenol ions in water is presented in table 2.

 The content of bacteria of the E. coli group, Staphilococcus aureus, B.anthracoides, poliomyelitis virus, giardia cysts at the outlet of the filler complies with hygienic standards.

 Example 4. In a column with an inner diameter of 12 mm and a height of 200 mm, the following layers are arranged sequentially along the water to be purified: a layer of silver-containing cation exchanger KU-23SP (TU 2227-363-09201208-96), a layer of solid iodine, a layer of highly basic quaternary ammonium anion exchanger AB- 17-8 h in chloride form, a layer of activated carbon F400 (Chemviron Carbon), a layer of highly basic anion exchange resin AB-17-10P containing a poorly soluble compound CaF. Each filler layer is separated from the other by the fibrous polymer material VION KN-1 (TU 6-12-31-772-91), and at the inlet and outlet there is a fibrous polymer material FVNR (TU 6-06-655-78) with a weight of 600 g / m The volume ratio of the components (layers) of the filler and the order of their location are presented in table 1. Further, as in example 1.

 The above examples show that the proposed filler device for producing drinking water allows you to get water, which is a prophylactic against damage to the body by radionuclides and caries. The level of fluorine ions in purified and disinfected water meets the required standards (0.5 - 1.5 mg / l). The water obtained by using the filler meets the requirements for drinking water by microbiological indicators, as well as in terms of: the content of organic impurities, heavy metals, silver. It was impossible to achieve such results using well-known technical solutions, and the use of fibrous polymeric materials in the form of flexible bags with permeable walls into which the filler components (layers) are loaded can significantly simplify the device assembly process using the proposed filler.

Claims (8)

1. The filler device for producing drinking water, comprising layers of silver-containing adsorbent, iodine-containing material and anion exchange resin in a halide form, characterized in that it further comprises layers of carbon adsorbent and fluorine-containing adsorbent with a ratio of the layers of filler, ob.ch .:
Silver-containing adsorbent - 0.5 - 1.5
Iodine-containing material - 1.0 - 3.0
Halide anion exchange resin - 1.0 - 3.0
Carbon adsorbent - 0.5 - 3.0
Fluorine-containing adsorbent - 0.8 - 3.5
2. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the silver-containing adsorbent is a mixture of silver-containing ion exchanger with a content of 0.1 - 0.4 g of silver per 1 g of dry ion exchanger and carbon adsorbent with a ratio in the mixture, vol.h .:
Carbon Adsorbent - 0 - 1.0
Silver-containing ion exchanger - 0.3 - 1.0
3. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that as iodine-containing material using an iodine-containing anion-exchange resin and / or solid iodine.  4. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that an ion exchanger containing sparingly soluble fluoride in an amount of 0.05-0.4 g / g dry ion exchanger is used as a fluorine-containing adsorbent.  5. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorine-containing adsorbent layer is located after the silver-containing adsorbent layer.  6. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorine-containing adsorbent layer is located after the layer of anion exchange resin in a halide form.  7. The filler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains fibrous polymeric material in an amount of 0.1 to 4.0 vol.h.  8. A filler according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a fibrous polymeric material with a weight of 10 to 600 g / m is used as a fibrous material.  9. The filler according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fibrous polymer material is used in the form of gaskets between the layers.  10. The filler according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each layer of filler is placed in flexible bags with permeable walls of fibrous polymeric material.

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