RU2136943C1 - Vehicle engine and method of its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: engine has combustion chamber with exhaust pipeline, intake pipeline with air cleaner, ozonizer and gas manifold, main line to deliver hydrocarbon fuel with fuel pump, device providing contact of fuel and ozone-air mixture made in form of ejector and furnished with ozonizer, mixer connected by inlets with gas manifold and with device providing contact of fuel with ozone-air mixture and by outlet, with combustion chamber. Recirculation pipeline connected by outlet to gas manifold and furnished with ionizer, ejector furnished with ozonizer, exhaust gas expander and ionizer are installed in tandem on exhaust pipeline. Fuel is treated by ozone-air mixture and is directed into mixer. Air is cleaned, electric charge is passed through air and ozone-air mixture, thus formed, is directed into gas manifold where to recirculated part of exhaust gases and ozone-air mixture formed in gas manifold ozonizer are additionally introduced. Flow of oxidizer from gas manifold passes into mixer and further on, together with fuel, into combustion chamber. Part of exhaust gases remaining from recirculation is treated by ozone-air mixture in ejector, is ionized and passed out into atmosphere. EFFECT: improved fuel combustion process, reduced concentration of toxic matter in exhaust gases. 9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engines of vehicles and methods of their operation, providing high-quality combustion of fuel and reducing toxicity of exhaust gases, and can be used in mechanical engineering.

 Known engines and methods of their operation, which use ozone technology. So, a device for processing atmospheric air supplied to the engine contains a certain design of an air collector with an ionizer installed in it, powered by a special direct current source (US Pat. RF N 2078977, F 02 M 27/04 from 05/10/97).

 However, unregulated ionization of air with the production of ozone, as well as its insufficient amount due to the chosen design of the ozonizer, reduces the efficiency of fuel combustion, especially when starting and overloading the engine, which leads to incomplete combustion of the fuel and an increase in the concentration of harmful exhaust gases.

 Also known is the treatment of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine with an ozone-air mixture in an ejection device. Ozone obtained by passing air through a glow discharge, oxidizes the products of incomplete combustion of fuel (and.with. RF N 1263892, F 01 N 3/08, from 15.10.86). However, in this process, the ozone-air mixture only processes exhaust gases and there is no effect that improves fuel combustion, which is not enough for efficient engine operation, taking into account environmental standards.

 The closest technical solution is an engine containing a combustion chamber equipped with an exhaust pipe, a crankshaft, an intake pipe with an air cleaner, a hydrocarbon fuel supply line with a fuel pump, a bubbler device for contacting the fuel with the ozone-air mixture, connected to an ozonator with a high voltage direct current source. The input of the ozonizer is connected to air dryers. The engine contains a carburetor, the inlet of which is connected to the bubbler, and the outlet is to the combustion chamber, and is equipped with a pipe for introducing purified air from the inlet pipe (AS RF N 1240943, F 02 M 25/10 dated 06/30/86).

 A known method of engine operation, including supplying air to the intake pipe, purifying the air, supplying hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel line, treating the fuel in a bubbler with an ozone-air mixture, obtained by passing an electric discharge with a voltage of 15-20 kV and a frequency of 50-60 Hz through a previously cleaned dried air supplied to the fuel line, separation of the spent gaseous oxidizer from the fuel, mixing the latter with air in the carburetor, subsequent combustion of the mixture and formed exhaust gases (AS RF N 1240943, F 02 M 25/10 dated 06/30/86).

 The disadvantages of the known engine and the method of its operation are that they do not fully solve the task: there is no effect of ozone on the atmospheric air supplied to the intake pipe and on the exhaust gases. The process itself is energy-intensive and includes more thorough air preparation (drying), the use of a bubbler, which is less efficient and requires the installation of additional compressors. In addition, the ozonizers used do not produce enough ozone and are therefore only offered for carburetor machines. Thus, the efficiency of the engine is reduced and the harmful components of the exhaust gases are not reduced.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the combustion processes of the fuel while reducing the concentration of toxic emissions of exhaust gases by creating optimal conditions for the combustion processes in the entire range of engine loads.

 This object is achieved in that the vehicle engine contains a combustion chamber equipped with an exhaust pipe, a crankshaft, an intake pipe with an air purification device, a hydrocarbon fuel supply line with a fuel pump, a fuel contact device with an ozone-air mixture connected to the fuel supply line, and equipped with an ozonizer, a mixer, the input of which is connected to a device for contacting fuel with the ozone-air mixture, and the output to the combustion chamber, and equipped with a nozzle input oxidant gas, wherein the inlet pipe after the air cleaning device mounted in series ozonizer and a gas reservoir provided with an ozonator and connected via conduit to an oxidant gas input to the mixer; on the exhaust pipe after the combustion chamber, a recirculation pipe is connected in series, connected to the gas manifold by an outlet and equipped with an ionizer, an ejector with an ozonizer, an exhaust gas expander and an ionizer. A device for contacting fuel with an ozone-air mixture is made in the form of an ejector. The gas manifold ozonizer is equipped with a boost turbine connected to the crankshaft. Each of the ozonizers and ionizers is equipped with a source of high pulse voltage or current. Each of the sources of high pulse voltage or current is made in the form of a generator of electric pulse voltage or current.

 To ensure the task, the vehicle engine operation method includes supplying air to the intake manifold, purifying the air, applying an electric discharge to it to produce an ozone-air mixture and injecting the latter into the gas manifold, supplying hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel line, processing the fuel with an ozone-air mixture obtained by passing an electric discharge through the air supplied to the fuel line, mixing the treated fuel with a gaseous oxidizer and subsequent combustion mixture and the formation of exhaust gases, the removal of the recirculating part of the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe, its ionization and supply to the gas manifold, where an ozone-air mixture obtained by passing an electric discharge through the air sent to the gas manifold is additionally introduced, supplying the resulting stream from the gas manifold as a gaseous oxidizer to mix with the treated fuel, and the remaining part of the exhaust gas after recirculation to be treated with an ozone-air ejected stream mixture obtained by passing an electric discharge through the air supplied to the exhaust pipe, the flow in the expander, its ionization and discharge into the atmosphere. The fuel is treated with an ozone-air mixture in an ejector with the flow of the processed fuel and the ozone-air mixture supplied to be further mixed with a gaseous oxidizing agent. An electric discharge upon receipt of ozone-air mixtures and ionization of exhaust gases is carried out with a current pulse amplitude of 1.0 - 2.0 A, a current pulse front of 10 - 500 ns and a current pulse frequency of 300 - 2500 Hz. The flow rate of ozone-air mixtures at a given ozone concentration is set depending on the speed of the crankshaft.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a vehicle engine.

 The engine contains a combustion chamber 1, equipped with an exhaust pipe 2, a crankshaft 3 (shown conditionally), an intake pipe 4 with an air purification device 5 (air filter), a fuel supply line 6 with a fuel tank 7 and a fuel pump 8, a contact device 9 fuel with an ozone-air mixture, made in the form of an ejector, equipped with an ozonizer 10 with a source of high pulse voltage 11 and connected to the fuel supply line 6, a mixer 12, the input of which is connected to a device for contacting fuel with an ozone carrier shnoj mixture, and output - with the combustion chamber 1 and provided with a nozzle 13 for introducing gaseous oxidant. An ozonizer 14 with a source of high pulse voltage 15 and a gas manifold 16 connected to a nozzle 13 of the input of the gaseous oxidizer of the mixer 12 and equipped with an ozonizer 17 with a source of high pulse voltage 18 are sequentially installed on the inlet pipe 4 after the air purification device 5 in series 18 At the outlet pipe 2 in series installed after the combustion chamber 1, the recirculation pipe 19, connected to the output of the gas manifold 16 and equipped with an ionizer 20 with a source of high pulse voltage 21, an ejector 22, equipped with an ozonizer 23 with a high voltage source 24, an exhaust gas expander 25, an ionizer 26 with a high voltage source 27 and an exhaust pipe 28. The ozonizer 17 of the gas manifold 16 is equipped with a boost turbine 29 connected to the crankshaft 3. Ozonators 10 and 23 are equipped with air filters at the inlet.

 The engine operates as follows. When it is turned on from the fuel tank 7 by means of a pump 8, fuel with a flow rate and pressure starts to flow into the device 9 for contacting the fuel with the ozone-air mixture, which ensures the suction of the ozone-air mixture from the ozonizer 10 in an amount depending on the type of fuel used. The processed fuel enters the mixer 12 for final enrichment with oxidizing agents. Simultaneously with the fuel supply through the air purification device 5, air begins to flow into the inlet pipe 4 and then into the ozonator 14. The ozone-air mixture obtained in the ozonator 14 is introduced into the gas manifold 16, which also receives a portion of the recirculated exhaust gases after their preliminary ionization in the ionizer 20, and the ozone-air mixture obtained in the ozonator 17. The recirculated portion of the exhaust gases is returned in the process to increase the efficiency of ozonolysis and increase the direct oxidation exposure due to increased temperature. The mixture of gaseous oxidizer from the gas manifold 16 is fed into the mixer 12 through the nozzle 13, from where the fuel with the oxidizer is introduced into the combustion chamber 1. The remaining part of the exhaust gases after recirculation is fed into the ejector 22, where a certain amount of the ozone-air mixture obtained in the ozonizer 23 is sucked the exhaust gas velocity in the expander 25 helps maintain the necessary contact of the exhaust gases with ozone and their oxidation. Next, the stream of exhaust gases in the form of an aerosol passes through the ionizer 26 and is discharged through the exhaust pipe 28 into the atmosphere. To implement the proposed invention, the engine is equipped with effective electrospark ozonizers operating in atmospheric air that does not require preliminary preparation. As a source of high voltage for them and ionizers use low-power generators, powered in turn from the on-board network or engine ignition system. To obtain ozone-air mixtures with a certain concentration of ozone and ionization of exhaust gases, an electric discharge is produced with a current pulse amplitude of 1.0 - 2.0 A, a current pulse front of 10 - 500 ns and a current pulse frequency of 300 - 2500 Hz. The flow rate of ozone-air mixtures in this case is determined by the operating mode of the engine, in particular the speed of rotation of the crankshaft.

Claims (9)

 1. A vehicle engine comprising a combustion chamber equipped with an exhaust pipe, a crankshaft, an intake pipe with an air purifier, a hydrocarbon fuel supply line with a fuel pump, a fuel contact device with an ozone-air mixture connected to a fuel supply line and equipped with an ozonizer, a mixer, the input of which is connected to a device for contacting the fuel with the ozone-air mixture, and the output to the combustion chamber and equipped with a pipe for introducing a gaseous oxidizer, characterized in that the engine further comprises an ozonizer and a gas manifold sequentially installed in the inlet pipe after the air purification device, equipped with an ozonizer and connected through a pipe for introducing a gaseous oxidizer to the mixer, and a recirculation pipe connected to the gas outlet in series after the combustion chamber the collector and equipped with an ionizer, an ejector with an ozonizer, an exhaust gas expander and an ionizer.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for contacting the fuel with the ozone-air mixture is made in the form of an ejector.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ozonizer of the gas manifold is equipped with a boost turbine connected to the crankshaft.  4. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that each of the ozonizers and ionizers is equipped with a source of high pulse voltage or current.  5. The engine according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the sources of high pulse voltage or current is made in the form of a generator of electric pulse voltage or current.  6. The method of operation of a vehicle engine, including supplying air to the intake pipe, purifying the air, supplying hydrocarbon fuel to the fuel line, treating the fuel with an ozone-air mixture obtained by passing an electric discharge through the air supplied to the fuel line, mixing the treated fuel with a gaseous oxidizing agent and then burning the mixture and generating exhaust gases, characterized in that the air supplied to the inlet pipe, after cleaning, is exposed to an electric discharge to obtain an ozone-air mixture, the latter is sent to the gas collector, where an additional recirculating part of the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe is introduced after preliminary ionization and the ozone-air mixture obtained by passing an electric discharge through the air supplied to the gas collector, the resulting stream from the gas collector is sent to as a gaseous oxidizer for mixing with the treated fuel, and the remaining part of the exhaust gas after recirculation is treated vayut ejected stream of ozone mixture obtained by passing an electrical discharge through the air supplied to the exhaust pipe, and fed to the spreader before output to ionize the atmosphere.  7. The method according to p. 6, characterized in that the fuel is treated with an ozone-air mixture in an ejector with a feed stream of the processed fuel and the ozone-air mixture for further mixing with a gaseous oxidizing agent.  8. The method according to p. 6, characterized in that the electric discharge upon receipt of ozone-air mixtures and ionization of the exhaust gases produces with a current pulse amplitude of 1.0 - 2.0 A, a current pulse front of 10 - 500 ns and a current pulse frequency of 300-2500 Hz  9. The method according to PP. 6 and 7, characterized in that the flow rate of ozone-air mixtures at a given concentration of ozone is set depending on the speed of the crankshaft.