RU2136384C1 - Centrifugal separator for separation of fluid media with fractions of different densities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of fluid media of different densities, applicable in meat and milk productions for separation of milk products and blood, in starch-and-syrup production, in production of biovitamin preparations, in chemical and other branches of industry. SUBSTANCE: centrifugal separator has a shaft-mounted drum using a base, cover linked to it with formation of a slime cavity divided by a detachable ring-shaped partition dividing it into two zones of heavy fraction unloading. The drum accommodates an insert holder with a pack of inserts, means for unloading of heavy fraction containing nozzles and a piston located in the base, and a means for unloading of light fraction located on the cover. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of nozzles and thus enhanced service life of separator. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of centrifugal separation of fluids and can be used in meat and dairy industries for the separation of whey and blood, starch and syrup industry, in the production of bio-vitamin concentrates, in the chemical and other industries.

 Known centrifugal separator for separating fluids, including a housing, a drum with an annular slurry space surrounding a package of separating inserts and having two levels of peripheral discharge of condensed heavy fractions.

 The unloading windows of different levels are separated by an annular partition with side surfaces inclined to the axis of the drum for sliding thickened heavy fractions along them to the unloading places. Moreover, at each level, the side surface of the septum together with the opposite surface of the drum body form a biconical toroidal volume of slurry space with the placement of peripheral discharge windows at the intersection of the conical surfaces with large bases. The conjugation of the side surfaces of the partition forms the boundary between these levels (SU 1752431 A1, 08/07/92).

 The dimensions of the slurry space at each level, measured along the axis of the drum from the boundary between them to its body, and the distance from this border to the package of inserts determine the properties and number of condensed fractions of different levels. The disadvantage of the separator is the need to replace the drum, if the concentration of heavy fractions in the initial shared medium changes, or the transition to centrifugation of another fluid with new properties is carried out.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a centrifugal separator for separating fluids, including a drum mounted on the shaft, containing a base, a lid associated with it to form a slurry space, an insert holder with a package of separating inserts, a heavy fraction unloading device containing nozzles and a piston located in the base, and light fraction discharge means placed on the lid (O. P. Novikov, N. P. Kozlova. Modern designs of centrifugal liquid separators. Overview information I. Series XM-I-M, TSIPTINHIMNEFTEMASH, 1984, p. 36, Fig. 18).

 However, in this separator the coarse part of the heavy fraction accumulates at the entrance to the nozzles and leads to their periodic clogging. As a result, you have to stop the drum and manually clean the nozzles.

 The technical result of the invention is to provide more reliable operation of the nozzles and increase the life of the separator.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed centrifugal separator for separating fluids with different density fractions, including a drum mounted on the shaft, containing a base, a lid associated with it to form a slurry space, an insert holder with a package of separating inserts, a heavy fraction discharge means containing nozzles and located at the base of the piston and the light fraction unloading means located on the lid, in the sludge space of the drum between the lid and the piston a removable annular town, dividing it into two zones of unloading a heavy fraction.

 The annular partition can be made in such a way that its cross section has the shape of a triangle, the apex of which is directed to the axis of the drum.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, in which figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a separator, figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a separator, option.

 The centrifugal separator for separating fluids includes a drum mounted on the shaft 1, comprising a base 2 and an associated lid 3, which form a slurry space. An insert holder 4 with a package of 5 separating inserts, as well as means for unloading heavy and light fractions, is installed inside the drum. The heavy fraction discharge means comprises a piston 6 and a nozzle 7 located at the base.

 The piston 6 serves for cyclical opening in the sludge space of the peripheral slit and channels 8. Each nozzle 7 communicates with the sludge space by the channel 9 through the inlet 10. The light fraction unloading means can be made in various ways and, for example, be a stationary pressure disk 11 located in the rotating pressure chamber 12 of the cover 3.

 In the sludge space of the drum between the cover 3 and the piston 6, a removable annular partition 13 is installed, dividing it into two zones 14 and 15 of the discharge of the heavy fraction. The partition 13 may be composite with a thin-walled ring 16 or have a cross-section in the form of a triangle, the apex 17 of which faces the axis of the drum. The sizes A of zone 14 and B of zone 15, regulated by the position of the inner contour of the ring 16 or vertex 17, respectively, determine the flow area for the arrival of condensed heavy fractions in each zone. The distance C determines the flow area for the centrifuged medium ascending along the package 5, as well as the volume of zones 14 and 15 of the sludge space. If there are 5 longitudinal feed channels in the package, the partition 13 may end at its outer surface. In this case, C = 0. The profile of the inner surfaces of the drum, forming the sludge space, can be conical (see Fig. 1, in Fig. 2 - dashed lines) or another shape (see Fig. 2). Their appearance determines the value of the coefficient of friction of rest of the heavy fraction according to the material of the slurry surface of the drum.

 The feed pipe 18 is used to supply the initial liquid. The separated heavy fractions are discharged into sediment collectors 19 and 20. Collectors 19 and 20 can be combined into a single collector.

 Centrifugal separator operates as follows.

 The initial liquid is supplied to the drum, rotating on the shaft 1, through the supply pipe 18, enters the cavity of the insert holder 4, untwisting, passes under it and rises along the packet 5 in the form of an annular flow. Moreover, it passes into the gaps between its separating inserts. The coarsest part of the heavy particles immediately stands out from the stream and settles in zone 14 of the slurry space. Smaller particles, moving together with the flow along the packet 5, are partially precipitated immediately in zone 15, and the rest are entrained by the flow in the gaps between the inserts, where they are emitted, then move in the direction opposite to the flow, to the periphery of the packet 5 and, after exiting, are deposited in zone 15, forming a mobile precipitate of a heavy fraction. The fraction of small particles settled in zone 14 is pushed aside by coarse particles to the axis of rotation on the surface of the sediment and after filling zone 14 flows in the form of a fluid sediment of a heavy fraction into zone 15.

 At predetermined time intervals determined by the time of filling zone 14 with a heavy fraction of coarse sediment, or when the quality of the light fraction (centrate) deteriorates beyond the permissible norm, buffer water is drained from the space between the piston 6 and the base 2 for a short period of time, the piston 6 is lowered, the sediment or its part is ejected from zone 14 through channels 8 to the coarse sludge receiver 19. Then, when the buffer water is supplied, the piston rises, blocking the channels 8, after which the separation process is resumed.

 Fluid sludge through the hole 10 enters the channel 9 and is discharged from the nozzle 7 into the collector 20.

 The sizes A, B and C, as well as the profile of the inner surfaces of the drum, forming zones 14 and 15 of the slurry space, determined by the design parameters of the annular partition 13, are selected depending on the characteristics of each separated liquid and the given separator capacity.

 The light fraction flows into the pressure chamber 12, from where it is discharged through the stationary pressure disk 11 into the discharge pipe.

 The separator can be used to separate suspensions, emulsions with a suspension of a heavy fraction, as well as for fractionation of gas suspensions.

 The design of the proposed separator provides the ability to control the parameters of the obtained heavy fractions by changing the position of the boundary of the division of the sludge space between the levels of the discharge windows by simply selecting a removable insert ring element, which is an annular partition.

Claims (2)

 1. A centrifugal separator for fluids with different density fractions, including a drum mounted on the shaft, containing a base, a lid associated with it to form a slurry space, an insert holder with a package of separating inserts, a heavy fraction unloading unit containing nozzles and a piston located in the base, and means unloading of light fraction, placed on the lid, characterized in that in the sludge space of the drum between the lid and the piston is installed a removable annular partition separating it into ve discharging the heavy fraction zones.  2. The centrifugal separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular partition is made in such a way that its cross section has the shape of a triangle, the apex of which is directed to the axis of the drum.

Images