RU2135439C1 - Explosive charge and method of utilization thereof (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives. SUBSTANCE: charge contains separately disposed dinitrogen tetraoxide and liquid petroleum product either enclosed in two sealed polymer film containers, container with petroleum product being of smaller size and inserted into container with dinitrogen tetraoxide, or the two components are placed in two opposite sides of the same container. To combine charge components, one eliminates separating them barrier, for example, breaks container with liquid petroleum product keeping integrity of outside container, turns over the latter and thereby mixes its contents. EFFECT: optimized structure of binary explosive charge and increased its utilization safety. 23 cl

Description

 The invention relates to charges of binary explosives (BB) and methods for their use.

 The well-known Türpen panclastite based on diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum contained in the bomb body separately and combined after the destruction of the sheet metal partition separating the components of the binary explosive [1]. Air bombs were limitedly manufactured by France during the years of World War I.

 Panclastite is not used as an industrial explosive because of the danger in production and use, due to the high toxicity of diazotetraoxide and the sensitivity of explosives to mechanical stresses that exceed the sensitivity of nitroglycerin.

 The technical task of this invention is to develop a rational design of charges and technology for their safe use.

 The technical result is achieved in that the oxidizing agent — diazotetraoxide and fuel — liquid petroleum product (kerosene, diesel fuel), contained separately in the common shell, are combined by breaking or removing the elastic film separating them from the polymer material. (In the following, these substances are referred to as “oxidizing agent” and “fuel”).

 Schemes of charges and methods of their application are presented in figures 1-13: FIG. 1 and 2 — oxidizing agent and fuel in shells of elastic polymer films, FIG. 3 and 4 - methods of destruction of the shell with fuel for combining with an oxidizing agent and obtaining an explosive charge; in FIG. 5 - charge for the destruction of oversize, FIG. 6 - conversion of the charge of a liquid explosive in an elastic film shell into a cumulative one; FIG. 7, 8 - explosive charge in an elastic film shell, converted into an intermediate detonator after being placed in a durable shell; in FIG. 9 - explosive charges in elastic shells in a vertical well, FIG. 10 - equipment for loading wells with explosive charges in elastic shells, FIG. 11 - fuel and oxidizing agent in a strong cylindrical container, FIG. 12 and 13 is a diagram of loading wells with charges of FIG. eleven.

 The following notations are used in the drawings: 1 — oxidizing agent, 2 — fuel, 3 — belt with an adhesive layer, 4 — cylinder made of microporous rubber, highly elastic rubber, 5 — metal rolls with a gummed surface for breaking the shell with combustible FIG. 1; 6 - disk with a rod for the destruction of the shell with the fuel of FIG. 1; 7 - oversized, 8 - explosive charges in grids connected by a cord 9; 10 - conductors of electric detonators located between the grid and the bag with explosives, 11 - plates made of rigid plastic, 12 - tray with a cumulative recess, made of plastic; 13 - a case of two half-cylinders made of hard plastic, 14 - a hole for removing a detonating cord, a waveguide of the Nonel initiation system or conductors of an electric detonator from the case, 15 - a belt with an adhesive layer fastening two half-cylinders into the body; 16 - well, 17 - rubber sphere, 18 - stemming (Fig. 9); 19 - a cylindrical shell with a diameter of 20% less than the diameter of the well from durable non-expandable material on a fabric basis, made detachable, 20 - loops, 21 - a flexible rod passed through loops 20, 22 - a package of corrugated polymer film with a diameter of 2-3% more the diameter of the borehole in the bottom conical part of the shell 19; 23 - a cable for removing the rod 21 from the loops 20 to open the shell 19; 24 - cables for lowering the shell 19 with charges into the well and lifting the shell 19 after it is released from explosive charges; 25 - a strong cylindrical container containing an oxidizing agent, 26 - a container cover removable and secured by rotation, 27 - a rubber sealing ring, 28 - a polymer foam fixed by a rotary cover 26 with a ring 27 containing fuel; 29 - a tape made of synthetic fabric, polymer mesh or plastic film designed for cutting packing tapes, 30 - drums with tape, 31 - a ring at the wellhead, 32 - a support plate, 33 - a liquid explosive charge in a strong cylindrical container.

 The technology for equipping prefabricated containers with explosive components does not require inventive activity, since its development can be based on the experience of equipping chemical munitions with toxic substances, packaging of household chemical products and handling oxidizing agents for liquid propellant rocket engines.

 Workshops on the dosage and capping of fuel and oxidizing agents should be disconnected due to the inadmissibility of combining fire hazardous and chemically hazardous industries.

 In the manufacture of the product according to the circuit of FIG. 1 bag of fuel is put into a larger bag and the assembly is transferred to the operation of dosing and pouring the oxidizing agent, ending with sealing the bag by thermal welding of its edges.

 The fuel should be painted with an organic dye, preferably black, to visually monitor the preservation of the tightness of the shell with fuel and the safety of further handling of the product.

 The fill factor of the package with fuel should be as achievable as possible - up to 0.9, which is necessary to facilitate its destruction, and the fill factor of the outer package with the oxidizing agent should be 0.70 - 0.74, not more than 0.8 - for better preservation of the outer shell when destruction by crushing the inner package.

 The destruction of the fuel bag is carried out according to the schemes of FIG. 3 or 4 by crushing between rotating rollers 5 with a gummed surface of metal cylinders or by pressure of a disk with a rod 6 with a limitation of the lowering distance of the rod necessary to maintain the shell of the outer package with the exception of its rupture.

 In the manufacture of the product according to the circuit of FIG. 2 pour fuel into the bag, separate it from the free volume of the bag by assembling the elastic film of the bag around the cylinder 4 from elastic or microporous rubber with a tightly pressed belt with an adhesive layer 3. Subsequent filling of the oxidizer and sealing of the bag by cooking are mechanized, and the operation of inserting the cylinder 4, assembling the middle film parts of the package into the corrugations and their tightening with a belt 3, the mechanization of which can be implemented, but will require custom development, at the first stage of implementation can be performed manually, therefore it is advisable It is less toxic to fuel. The use of a cylinder 4 of elastic material is necessary in order to prevent liquid from penetrating between the folds of the polymer foam.

 The equipment of the product according to the scheme in FIG. 11: after pouring the oxidizing agent, the container 25 is covered with a polymer film 28 based on its deflection, the edges of the film are fixed with a rubber band on the outer surface of the container, a metered amount of fuel is poured onto the film, covered with a lid 26 with a rubber ring 27 and the lid is fixed by turning.

To combine fuel and oxidizing agent to produce an explosive charge at the place of its use, the cover 26 is removed from the cylindrical container 25, the edges of the polymer film 28 are freed from the ring gum, the polymer foam 28 is taken by one edge and shifted to the side, while lifting upwards, while the fuel will move down and lay a layer above the surface of the oxidizer, without foam. The film is returned to the container 25 and the container is closed with a rotary lid. When the container is turned a layer of fuel downward, the BB components will combine with the formation of a solution. A plastic film with a density of 0.9 g / cm ³ at a density of a stoichiometric mixture of an oxidizing agent with kerosene of 1.3 g / cm ³ will float up at any position of the container, without interfering with the mixing of liquids to form a solution.

 For the use of charges according to the schemes of FIG. 5-7, it is advisable to use charges equipped with the circuit in FIG. 2, since the attachment of the assembly of parts 3 and 4 is removed manually. Destruction of fuel bags in products equipped according to the circuit of FIG. 1 can be mechanized using the techniques presented in the diagrams of FIG. 3 and 4, therefore charges of this type are advisable to use for loading wells.

 To safely charge the borehole with charges of explosives highly sensitive to mechanical stresses in elastic shells, a cylindrical shell of a durable, non-stretch fabric-based material, shown in FIG. ten.

 A package 22 of a polymer film is placed in the lower conical part of the shell 19 and the packet 22 and the shell 19 are filled with charges prepared according to the scheme in FIG. 1. The detachable shell 19 is filled with charges in two steps: partial filling of the open shell placed on the surface of the block near the charged well, after which the shell is closed by threading the rod 21 into the loops 20, the shell by the cables 24 ending in a ring, is lifted by a truck crane and lowered into the well on a part of the length of the shell 19. Previously laid charges are sealed and fill the lower part of the shell 19 over its entire cross section. Through the open top of the shell, its free volume is completely filled with charges and the shell is lowered by a truck crane until the bottom of the well. Pulling the cable 23 together with the rod 21 passed through the loops 20, the shell 19 is opened and slowly lifted from the well, while the charges contained in the shell fill the well over its entire cross section.

 The charges of liquid explosives in packages of polymer film withstand a limited load, therefore, during subsequent well downloads, a rubber sphere 17 is attached to the bottom of the shell 19 with a diameter of 2-3% less than the diameter of the well so that the sphere freely passes until it contacts previously loaded charges.

 A pipe with a check valve for filling the sphere 17 with air is clamped between the outer surface of the bag 22 and the inner surface of the shell 19 in its conical part. After the opening, unloading and lifting of the shell 19, the sphere 17 will remain in the well.

 Shell 19 is filled with air under very slight pressure. Under the pressure of a column of elastic packets with a liquid explosive, the spheres will be deformed with increasing horizontal diameter, with a decrease in height and an increase in the area of contact with the walls of the well and redistribution of part of the pressure on the walls of the well.

 The air gaps thus formed will not require multipoint initiation of the charge sections separated by the rubber spheres 17, since the Türpen panclastite is highly sensitive and the detonation of the borehole charge upon initiation from the wellhead or bottom will be complete.

 After loading is completed, the upper surface of the charge in the well is closed with a rubber sphere 17 to prevent possible impacts of pieces of rock falling from the walls of the well, or a random object and any solid body falling from the block surface at the wellhead. In addition, the rubber sphere 17 on the surface of the charge will allow the jamming material to fall asleep without fear of impacts of solid material on a sensitive explosive - the rubber sphere will be a damper.

 Charging wells with charges in strong containers of a rigid structure (Fig. 11) is carried out by lowering the column of charges on a flexible tape 29 (Fig. 12 and 13), wound from drums 30 as follows.

 A funnel 31 is inserted at the wellhead and a charging device is placed above the well. On one drum (in Figs. 12 and 13, right), the tape 29 is wound to a length exceeding the depth of the well by the height of the fastening of the edge of the tape above the wellhead. On the second drum, the length of the tape is designed to load a series of wells.

 A charge of 33 liquid explosives is placed on the tape in a strong container, lowered into the well to the height of the container, put the next charge, lowering the tape, and so on until the well is charged. Between the last and penultimate charges, intermediate detonators with initiating means are placed.

 The end of the tape from the right drum (see Fig. 12 and 13) is released from the clamp, and the tape is cut off from the left drum. The ends of the tapes freely fall into the well by closing the lid of the upper container and softening the impacts of the bottomhole material when it is filled into the well.

 A tape is wound onto a second drum that does not contain a tape, wound from the left drum to a length corresponding to the depth of the next charged well, and the device is moved to the next well.

 A tape is used from a strong, non-stretch material on a fabric basis made of synthetic fibers or from a wide strip of polymer film, from which strapping tapes are cut for packaging. Unlike cables and ropes, the tape, having the required tensile strength, to a lesser extent prevents lowering of products comparable to its diameter into the well, since the tape has a comparatively smaller thickness than the cable or rope.

 For vertical downhole wells, the use of charges in strong containers that can withstand without deformation the pressure of the column of charges is preferable to the use of charges in an elastic polymer film.

 Example: a charge manufactured according to the circuit of FIG. 1.

BB is a stoichiometric binary mixture of 83% nitrogen tetroxide and 17% kerosene in mass percent, forming a true solution with a density of 1.3 g / cm ³ .

With a mass of explosive charge of 2000 g, the mass of kerosene will be 340 g at a density of 0.8 g / cm ³ with a volume of 425 cm ³ . When the fill factor of the shell with kerosene 0.85, its volume will be 500 cm ³ ; with a diameter of a cylindrical shell of 8 cm, its length will be 10 cm.

The outer bag with an oxidizing agent contains 1660 g of nitrogen tetroxide at a density of 1.47 g / cm ³ , a volume of 1130 cm ³ , including a bag with kerosene with a volume of 500 cm ³ , the volume of the contents of the bag will be 1630 cm ³ . With a fill factor of 0.7, the volume of the outer bag will be 2330 cm ³ .

 An organic dye, Sudan black B, is dissolved in a container with kerosene, the dosage is 1.5-2.0 g of dye per 10 kg of fuel.

 Products with detected violations of the tightness of the inner bag with fuel while maintaining the tightness of the outer bag are put aside to carry them to the place of application of charges manually. Products with a damaged outer bag are placed in bags of a slightly larger size and sealed, neutralizing the traces of leaks of the oxidizing agent with an alkali solution. Due to the foregoing, the workshops for manufacturing charges according to the schemes of FIG. 1 and 2 should be located near blasting operations.

 The shell thickness of the outer bag should be 180-200 microns, and the inner bag with fuel (according to the scheme of Fig. 1) 100 -120 microns. In the manufacture of charges for wells, the outer shell must be made of a stronger polymer than polyethylene, for example, polypropylene.

 The explosive charge in a cylindrical container made of durable materials (fiberglass, high-impact polystyrene, press material P-1-1 - urea press material, a composition based on melamine-formaldehyde resin and organic filler modified with polyvinyl alcohol) - diagram of figure 1.

 With a well diameter of 243 mm and a charge diameter of 0.75 of the well diameter, the outer diameter of the cylindrical container will be 182 mm. It takes 180 mm. With a cylinder wall thickness of 2.5 - 3.0 mm, the inner diameter of the cylinder is 174 mm.

 The height of the cylindrical charge should be at least 1.5 of the diameter of the well, i.e. 360 mm, which is necessary for unhindered loading of the well at a lower height, if the cylinder is skewed, it may get stuck in the well.

With a fill factor of 0.75, the volume of explosives is 6.5 liters. With a density of explosives of 1.3 g / cm ^{3, the} mass of explosives will be 8.45 kg. The components of the charges in strong containers can be transported by any means of transport at any distance, so the manufacture of products can be realized far from their use.

 To connect the oxidizing agent and fuel by displacing the film separating them, the latter can be left in the container, as described above, or removed from it and placed in a bag made of a polymer film. After loading the well, the package is lowered into the well and clogged.

 In contrast to charges in packages weighing 2 kg, for mixing components that are manually turned over, cylindrical containers weighing up to 10 kg (8.5 kg BB plus packaging) are mixed by rolling the container on a horizontal support, making contact with the support of only the cylindrical container body, preventing rolling on the support container lids.

 The oxidizing agent and fuel form a true solution, homogeneous at the molecular level. With a stoichiometric composition, the explosive transformation of such an explosive occurs to the final products of complete oxidation, with the formation of traces of nitrogen oxides of only atmospheric origin, which was established experimentally. To exclude the emission of nitrogen oxides in detonation products, it is advisable to calculate charges for a slightly negative oxygen balance - with an excess of carbon in the shell material during stoichiometry of the oxidizer and fuel.

The melting point of diazotetraoxide can be lowered by the addition of nitric acid. The melting temperature of the mixtures is lower than that of nitric acid, and the density is higher than the density of both starting components. A mixture of 40% diazotetraoxide and 60% nitric acid has a density of 1.63 g / cm ³ (Volkov EB, Masing G.Yu., Shishkin Yu.I. Rocket engines using combined fuel. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1973. - S. 21).

 Liquid explosives based on diazotetraoxide with liquid oil are an unused explosive reserve. Diazot tetraoxide obtained by the oxidation of ammonia by atmospheric oxygen is an intermediate product in the multi-ton production of nitric acid (world production of about 50 million tons per year - for 1978).

Sourse of information
1. Pascal P. Explosives, gunpowder, war gases. Per. French Goskhimtekhizdat, Leningrad Oblast, 1932.- S. 137-138.

Claims (9)

 1. An explosive charge containing, as components, diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum product, located separately, characterized in that the components are placed in sealed bags made of polymer film, and the package with the petroleum product is made smaller and inserted into the bag with diazotetoxide.  2. The method of combining the charge components according to claim 1, including the elimination of the barrier separating them, characterized in that the barrier is eliminated by crushing the bag with liquid oil while maintaining the tightness of the outer bag, and then the contents are mixed by inverting the bag. 3. An explosive charge containing, as components, diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum product, located separately, characterized in that the components are placed on opposite sides of one package, divided into two sections by a partition made of a polymer film of the package itself, assembled in corrugations around a cylinder of highly elastic or microporous rubber and compressed with an adhesive layer
4. The method of combining the charge components according to claim 3, including the elimination of the barrier separating them, characterized in that the barrier is eliminated by turning the two-section package into a unitary one, for which a belt with an adhesive layer is removed, the cylinder is freed from the corrugations and straightened, and then the package is turned over mixing its contents.  5. An explosive charge containing, as components, diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum product, located separately, characterized in that diazotetraoxide is placed in a strong cylindrical container of rigid construction with a sealed removable lid, and liquid petroleum product is placed on top of the diazotetraoxide on a polymer film placed in the container with a deflection inside the container, fixed by a lid, and the edges of the film are taken outside the internal volume of the container and are located on its outer surface.  6. The method of combining the charge components according to claim 5, including eliminating the barrier separating them, characterized in that the barrier is removed by removing the container lid and then raising the edge of the film with a simultaneous shift to the side, after which the film is removed or left on the surface of the liquid, fixed on the lid of the container and rolling the container on a horizontal support carry out the mixing of its contents.  7. A charge of a liquid explosive based on a binary solution of diazotetraoxide and liquid oil in an airtight bag made of an elastic polymer film obtained by combining the components of an explosive according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the charge is placed in an assembly consisting of a cumulative tray a recess and plates fixed between the edge of the pallet and the surface of the explosive in the pallet, giving the upper part of the charge a truncated cone shape.  8. The charge of a liquid explosive based on a binary solution of diazotetraoxide and liquid oil in an airtight bag made of an elastic polymer film, obtained by combining the components of the explosive according to claim 2 or 4 of the film, characterized in that the charge is placed in a case of two semi-cylinders of rigid construction fastened by a belt with an adhesive layer with the formation of an intermediate detonator.  9. The method of loading wells with liquid explosive charges based on a binary solution of diazot tetraoxide and liquid oil in an airtight bag made of an elastic polymer film obtained by combining explosive components according to claim 2 or 4, including the delivery of charges to the well, characterized in that before delivery charges fill the detachable cylindrical shell with a diameter less than the diameter of the well, then charges with the shell are delivered to the well, open the shell and lift it from the well, repeating Previous operations before filling the well, while the delivered shells are separated by spherical rubber shells filled with air under a slight excess pressure based on the increase in the diameter of the spherical shell in the horizontal plane when it deforms under the pressure of the mass of charges and the shell stops against the wall of the well to reduce the vertical pressure on charges .  10. The method of loading wells with liquid explosive charges based on a binary solution of diazot tetraoxide and liquid oil in a strong cylindrical container obtained by combining explosive components according to claim 6, comprising delivering charges to the well, characterized in that two drums with flexible tape from durable material, and delivery is carried out by placing a container with charges on the tape while simultaneously lowering into the well by winding the tape with b Rabanne and subsequent separation of the ends of the tape when it reaches the hole bottom.

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