RU213376U1 - Metalworking tool with cooling - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in cutting. The metalworking tool with cooling contains a hollow holder with a tubular channel for the coolant. The cavity contains a bimetallic heat conductor interacting with the working element, a rod and an adjustable throttle located in the cooler channel. One end of the rod is connected to the throttle regulator, and the other is installed with the possibility of interacting with the free end of the heat conductor console from the side of the metal with a lower coefficient of linear expansion. The tool is equipped with an alarm unit and a limit switch connected to it, installed in the holder with the possibility of interacting with the throttle controller. The technical result is to increase tool life. 9 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to cutting on lathes.

Currently, tools similar to the one proposed are known. These include, for example, tools with internal cooling, such as those protected by USSR Author's certificates No. 1230799 and No. 1393533. The first of them describes the proposed by the authors Gun G.S., Gunkin Yu.G., Ogarkov N.N. and Sokolov V.E. a tool containing a holder and a cutting plate, to which coolant is supplied from the outside through a distribution chamber and parallel holes open to the plate. Setting the tool to the required cooling mode is carried out using a washer through which the liquid is supplied to the distribution chamber. When changing the operating mode of the tool (cutting mode), the washer has to be replaced, for which the tool must be disassembled. This leads to a decrease in the productivity of metalworking, and therefore is irrational. The second analogue, developed by M.M. Sokolov and V.N. Kotsarenko, it is not required to disassemble for reconfiguration, but it also has significant drawbacks. It contains a hollow holder partially filled with coolant, a tube made of a heat-conducting material, and a cooler connected to the tube through a low heat-conducting insert. The tube is connected to the cavity of the holder and, during the operation of the tool, removes heat to the refrigerator by forming steam in the cavity of the holder and condensing it when passing through the insert into the refrigerator. Until the liquid in the holder cavity is completely evaporated, the tool is cooled more or less tolerably, although not always efficiently enough. But when the vaporization stops, the cooling of the tool practically ceases. Insufficient cooling efficiency, even when it is still being carried out, is caused by the fact that the process of heat transfer from the cutting plate (working element of the tool) to the cooler is controlled extremely roughly, inaccurately.

More precisely, the regulation of heat removal from the working element (plate) of the tool during the operation of the latter occurs in the tool developed by A.N. Reznikov, N.I. Zhivoglyadov and V.I. Zhivoglyadov, protected by USSR copyright certificate No. 1426750.

The metalworking tool with cooling according to the specified author's certificate, as far as can be judged from its description, claims and drawings, contains a hollow holder with a tubular channel for the cooler, a working element installed on it and a bimetallic heat conductor placed in its cavity, interacting (contacting) with the working element . The heat conductor is made in the form of a split elliptical ring, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the working element, and the material of the ring with a large coefficient of linear expansion is located on the inner surface of the ring. The tubular channel in the holder is partially filled with liquid and functions as a heat pipe connected to a cooler-radiator. When the liquid is heated in the heat pipe, steam is formed, which enters the refrigerator-radiator, gives it thermal energy and exits the holder to the outside. Depending on the cutting conditions and the heating temperature of the working element of the tool, the bimetallic ring deforms differently, its thermal conductivity changes, the vaporization in the heat pipe also changes, and the cooling process of the working element is regulated. This happens more accurately than with other analogous tools. However, "more accurate" does not mean "always accurate enough".

The device according to author's certificate No. 1426750 has a low sensitivity to small fluctuations in the temperature of the working element. This does not allow "fine" adjustment of the cooling of the tool, for example, in the event of an increase in temperature due to an increase in the wear bevel of the specified element.

However, there is a cooled metalworking tool that has higher accuracy and sensitivity to small temperature fluctuations than the tool protected by copyright No. 1426750. This is a tool protected by the RF utility model patent No. 196895 dated March 19, 2002, adopted by us as a prototype of the proposed one.

The prototype metalworking tool contains a hollow holder with a tubular channel for a cooler, a working element mounted on it, a bimetallic heat conductor placed in its cavity, interacting with the working element, a rod fixed in the holder cavity on an elastic suspension, and an adjustable throttle. The channel for the cooler is made in it flowing and directed towards the front surface of the working element, while the throttle is located in the channel for the cooler, the heat conductor is made in the form of a flat console, one end of the rod is connected to the throttle regulator, and the other is installed with the possibility of interacting with the free end of the console with side of the metal with a lower coefficient of linear expansion.

It should, however, be noted that the prototype tool works effectively at relatively low cutting temperatures (up to 500-600°C). The reason for this is that any throttle installed in it in the coolant supply channel has a limited control range, which limits the supply of coolant. When the limit is reached, the cutting temperature can be higher than 500-600°C, and since there is nowhere to increase the coolant supply further, tool wear begins to increase rapidly and its tool life is sharply reduced. In connection with the foregoing, the problem to be solved by the proposed utility model is not always sufficient tool life.

To prevent a sharp decrease in the tool life, it is necessary to correct the cutting conditions. This is usually done by the machine operator, but for this he must continuously measure the cutting temperature and constantly monitor it. The operator, as a rule, does not have the opportunity to perform such tracking, since he serves several machines. To enable the operator to correct the cutting conditions in time and thereby increase the tool life, that is, to solve the problem formulated above, the cutter must be equipped with elements to notify the operator that the time for mode correction has come. Proceeding from this, the technical solution to the problem is that a metalworking tool with cooling, containing a hollow holder with a tubular channel for the cooler, a working element installed on it, a bimetallic heat conductor placed in its cavity, interacting with the working element, a rod fixed in the cavity of the holder on an elastic suspension, and an adjustable throttle, while the channel for the cooler is made flowing and directed to the front surface of the working element, the throttle is located in the channel for the cooler, the heat conductor is made in the form of a flat console, one end of the rod is connected to the throttle regulator, and the other is mounted with the possibility interaction with the free end of the console from the side of the metal with a lower coefficient of linear expansion, differs from the prototype in that it is equipped with an alarm unit located in the cavity of the holder, and connected to it by a limit switch installed in the holder with the possibility of interacting with the regulator d Rossel.

The design of the proposed metalworking tool is shown in the figures:

in fig. 1 - longitudinal section of the tool;

in fig. 2 - top view;

in fig. 3 - bottom view;

in fig. 4 - bottom view with the bottom cover removed;

in fig. 5 - view A from the side of the rear end of the tool;

in fig. 6 - view A with a fragment of the cross section B-B;

in fig. 7 - cross section of the tool B-B;

in fig. 8 - a fragment of the G-D section, explaining the location of the signaling unit in the tool holder,

in fig. 9 - a fragment of the section D-D, explaining the connection of the tube with the tool holder.

The tool contains a hollow holder 1 with a tubular channel 2 for the cooler, a working element 3 installed on it and a bimetallic heat conductor 4 placed in its cavity, which interacts with the working element 3.

The tool is also equipped with a rod 5 fixed in the cavity of the holder 1 on an elastic suspension-plate 6, and an adjustable throttle 7. The channel 2 for the cooler is made flowing and directed towards the front surface of the working element 3, while the throttle 7 is located in the channel 2 for the cooler. The heat conductor 4 is made in the form of a flat console, one end of the rod 5 is connected to the regulator 8 of the throttle 7, and the other is installed with the possibility of interacting with the free end of the console 4 from the side of the metal with a lower coefficient of linear expansion.

In addition to the above, the tool includes a signaling unit 9 (this is a miniature radio transmitter with a battery, an antenna 10 and an LED 11), as well as elements 4 , 5 and 6 , located in the cavity of the holder 1, and a limit switch connected to it 12 , installed in a holder with the possibility of interaction with the regulator 8 of the throttle 7 (the connection of the switch 12 and block 9 in the figures is conditionally shown by a dashed line).

When using the tool through the tubular channel 2 to the working element 3 is supplied with coolant (indicated by an arrow in figure 1). Throttle 7 in the manufacture of the tool is adjusted to pass a certain minimum required amount of liquid per unit time. During the operation of the tool, the temperature of the working element 3 rises, and the heat conductor 4 begins to bend under its influence. Since the heat conductor is bimetallic (that is, it consists of two metal layers) and is made in the form of a cantilever, its bending occurs with a displacement of the free end towards the metal layer with a lower expansion coefficient. Bending, the end of the console 4 acts on the end of the rod 5, which interacts with it, and displaces the rod towards the channel 2. The second end of the rod 5 acts on the regulator 8 of the throttle 7, and the latter increases the flow area of the channel 2 and, accordingly, increases the flow of coolant to working element 3. As the element 3 cools, the heat conductor-console 4 returns to its original state, and the rod 5 moves back under the action of the elastic suspension-plate 6. The regulator 8 of the throttle 7 changes the flow area of the hole 2 in the direction of the original, and the supply of coolant to the element 3 is reduced. Thus, the temperature of the working element of the proposed tool is stabilized.

The described occurs in those cases when the cutting temperature does not exceed the limiting value, and the control range of the throttle 7 is not exhausted. But if the temperature exceeds the specified value, the coolant reaches the working element 3 already in the maximum volume and the throttle control range is exhausted, then the rod 5 is in the extreme position, the regulator 8 presses the limit switch 12, and it gives the command to turn on the alarm unit 9. The latter gives a signal to the operator and control system of the machine.

According to the light, sound or radio signal from block 9, the operator corrects the cutting conditions so that the cutting temperature decreases, or this is done by the automation of the machine that controls the modes. In any case, the operator or the machine will not allow cutting temperatures to be lowered by the maximum supply of coolant. This implies the technical result of the proposed utility model: a decrease in the likelihood of increased wear of the cutter, that is, an increase in the period of its durability.

Claims (1)

A metalworking tool with cooling, comprising a hollow holder with a tubular channel for the coolant, a working element mounted on it, a bimetallic heat conductor placed in the cavity, interacting with the working element, a rod fixed in the cavity of the holder on an elastic suspension, and an adjustable throttle, while the channel for the cooler made flowing and directed to the front surface of the working element, the throttle is located in the channel for the cooler, the heat conductor is made in the form of a flat console, one end of the rod is connected to the throttle regulator, and the other is installed with the possibility of interacting with the free end of the console from the side of the metal with a lower coefficient of linear expansion, characterized in that it is equipped with an alarm unit located in the cavity of the holder and connected to it by a limit switch installed in the holder with the possibility of interacting with the throttle controller.

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