RU2133531C1 - Phased array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to antenna equipment and can be used in the capacity of underground or lying receiving- transmitting antenna of short-wave and ultrashort-wave ranges. Phased array is made of seven flat elements each one composed of two orthogonal pairs of plane radiators. Flat elements are placed in pairs in symmetry with central flat element. The latter is connected to feeding path of low-frequency subrange, the rest of flat elements are connected to feeding path of high-frequency subrange. Description gives structural form of radiators and sequence of their connection to each other which provide for achievement of technical result: wide-band operation, diminished area of aperture and formation of required azimuthal directional pattern. EFFECT: build-up of wide-range phased array providing for formation of quasi-isotropic azimuthal directional pattern with simultaneous reduction of dimensions of its aperture. 1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, namely to antenna technology, and can be used as a receiving or transmitting antenna, with a controlled radiation pattern (LH), providing wide-range operation in the short-wave (HF) and ultra-short-wave (VHF) ranges.

 Known phased antenna arrays (PAR) for working with ionospheric waves in the HF range: ring antenna arrays described in the book by G. Eisenberg et al. "Short-wave antennas". - M., Radio and Communications, 1985, p. 401-413; common-mode antenna arrays of plane vibrators described in the same book on p.264-275.

 Known analogues provide the formation of a radiation pattern (NAM) with the desired value of the coefficient of directional action (KND).

 However, they have disadvantages: a relatively small operating frequency range, which limits their use in modern wide-band radio communication systems; low resistance to wind loads and other mechanical stresses.

 The closest in technical essence to the declared one is the well-known PAR according to Pat. RF N 2080712, IPC HO1Q 21/00, publ. 25.05.1997

 Known HEADLIGHT consists of identical flat elements (PE). Each PE is formed by two orthogonal pairs of emitters located coplanar within the semiconducting medium or on its surface. The emitters are made in the form of triangular plates. The outer ends of the triangular emitters belonging to adjacent PEs are electrically connected. The outer ends of the emitters, belonging to the peripheral PE, are connected along the perimeter of the PAR aperture by short-circuit (short-circuit) conductors. The outer ends of the triangular emitters, adjacent on both sides to the large diagonals of the PAR, are electrically isolated. The outer ends of the remaining triangular emitters are connected to the short circuit conductors. The feeder path of the low-frequency (n.h.) channel is connected to the vertices of the triangular emitters of the central PE, and the vertices of the triangular emitters of the remaining PEs are connected to the feeder path of the high-frequency (r.h.) channel. Orthogonal pairs of triangular emitters in each PE are powered independently.

 With this version of the PAR, its wide-range operation is achieved in the HF and VHF bands with both linear and rotating polarizations.

 However, the known PAR prototype has disadvantages: uneven azimuthal pattern due to the lack of azimuthal symmetry of the PAR aperture, leads to a decrease in the energy potential of the radio link due to a correspondent that is not oriented in the azimuth plane; relatively large footprint of the antenna.

 The aim of the invention is to develop a phased array with a uniform pattern in the azimuthal plane while reducing the area required for its deployment, and maintaining wide-range operation with high quality matching.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known PAR containing a group of PEs installed pairwise symmetrically with respect to a central PE located in the center of the PAR aperture, each PE consisting of two orthogonal pairs of emitters located coplanar within the semiconducting medium or on its surface, the ends of the emitters belonging to adjacent PEs are electrically connected, and the outer ends of the emitters, limiting the aperture of the PAR, are connected to each other conductors adjacent to each other the ends of the Central PE connected to the feeder path n. hours of the channel, and the ends of the emitters of the remaining PEs - to the feeder path of the hourly channel, and the orthogonal pairs of emitters in each PE are independently powered, each emitter is made in the form of a quadrangle symmetric with respect to its longitudinal axis and with different angles α and β at the vertices lying on this axis of symmetry. HEADLIGHT consists of seven PE. In two pairs of PE, the axis of symmetry of the emitters located along the diagonals of the PAR aperture are aligned with the corresponding lateral edges of the first pair of emitters of the central PE. In the third pair of PE, the pair of symmetry axes of the emitters located along the diagonal of the aperture of the PAR, are aligned with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second pair of emitters of the central PE. In each PE, the external ends of its emitters adjacent to the diagonal of the PAR, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the first pair of emitters of the central PE, are connected to each other by additional segments of conductors. In each of the PEs of the third pair of emitters connected to the second pair of emitters of the central PE, connected by segments of conductors with the ends of the respective emitters of the pair of the same PE.

 In addition, their outer edges at the peripheral vertices are connected to adjacent vertices of the outer edges of the emitters of the central flat element.

 To achieve greater identity of the input parameters of the PAR along the orthogonal power paths, along the edges of the emitters, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of which are aligned with the corresponding edges of the emitters of the central PE, conductors are installed. The ends of the conductors are connected to the outer ends of these emitters. Moreover, the conductors are installed along the edges facing from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the central PE emitters.

The angles α and β at the vertices of each emitter are selected in the intervals α = 53 ^o -58 ^o ; β = 165 ^o -175 ^o .

 The specified new set of essential features of the claimed device provides in fact the azimuthal symmetry of the PAR aperture, while maintaining the required quality of matching the emitters in a wide frequency range and reducing the area needed to accommodate the PAR.

 An analysis of known solutions based on sources of technical and patent literature showed that they lack technical solutions containing a combination of essential features of the claimed device, which indicates its compliance with the patentability condition of "novelty".

 Also, in the well-known sources of information, no distinctive features of the claimed device have been found to ensure the achievement of a technical result achieved by the claimed device, which indicates its compliance with the patentability condition "inventive step".

 The claimed device is illustrated by drawings, in which are shown: in FIG. 1 - the general scheme of the PAR; figure 2, 3, 4 - drawings explaining the structure of the individual elements of the PAR; figure 5 - drawings explaining embodiments of emitters and the order of their connection to the feeder path; figure 6 is an embodiment of the power path of the HEADLIGHTS; 7 is a diagram of a square adder; in FIG. 8 is a drawing explaining the operation of the PAR; Fig.9, 10 - the results of experimental studies of the parameters of the PAR.

 The declared PAR, shown in FIG. 1, consists of seven flat elements (PE) 1 (see also FIG. 2): a central PE and three pairs of PE located pairwise symmetrically along the diagonals of the PAR aperture, relative to the central PE. Each PE 1 consists of two orthogonal pairs of emitters 2 (shaded in FIG. 1), length L, made in the form of a quadrangle symmetrical about its longitudinal axis and with unequal angles α and β at the vertices located on its longitudinal axis of symmetry. All emitters are installed coplanar in a semiconducting medium (Earth) or on its surface. The outer ends of the emitters 2, belonging to adjacent to each other PE 1, are electrically connected (at points "a"). The outer ends of the emitters 2, limiting the aperture of the PAR, are connected to each other conductors 3.

 In two pairs of PE 1 (see also FIG. 3), the longitudinal axis of their emitters lying on the diagonal of the PAR aperture (in FIG. 1 the diagonals c-c 'and k-k') are aligned with the corresponding edges of the first pair of emitters (in FIG. .1 - vertical) of the central PE 1. The longitudinal axis of the emitters 2 of the third pair of PE 1 (see also Fig. 4) lying on the diagonal of the aperture of the PAR (a p-p 'diagonal in Fig. 1) are aligned with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second pair of emitters 2 central PE 1 (figure 1 horizontal). In each of the two pairs of PE 1, the outer ends of its emitters 2 adjacent to the diagonal (in figure 1 the diagonal o-o '), which coincides with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the first pair of emitters 2 (vertical in FIG. 1), the central PE 1 are connected each other with additional segments of conductor 4. Emitters 2 in each PE 1 of the third pair, connected to the second pair of emitters of the central PE, are connected by segments of conductors 5 with the ends of the respective emitters of the orthogonal pair of the same PE 1 (in Fig. 1, connection at points a-a '). In addition, using additional conductors 6, these emitters are connected at points a'-a ''.

 Along the edges of the emitters 2, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of which are aligned with the corresponding edges of the emitters 2 of the central PE, conductors 7 are installed, the ends of which are connected to the outer ends of these emitters (at points "b"). Conductors 7 of diameter d are installed along the edges with a gap δ (see also figure 3).

 All emitters 2 can be made of metal plates (see Fig. 5a) or diverging from the central vertices of the conductors (see Fig. 5b).

Feeder path n. the channel is connected to the peaks of central PE 1 adjacent to the center of the aperture (at points ₁ -in ₁ and g ₁ -g ₁ ). The tops of the emitters 2 adjacent to the centers of the remaining PE 1 are connected to the feeder path of the RF channel points at ₂ -in ₂ and g ₂ -g ₂ (see also figv).

The maximum size D of the PAR aperture is selected from the condition D = 0.3λ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{min}}$ where λ $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{min}}$ - minimum wavelength subrange. Accordingly, the length of the emitter L = D / 6. The power path of the claimed PAR when using it as a reception can be implemented according to the scheme shown in Fig.6. In hours at a subband, the input of the radio is connected to the emitters 2 of the central PE 1 via a coaxial feeder 8 through a square adder. sub-band, each of the six radios with a coaxial cable 9 is connected through an appropriate adder 10, a block of delay lines 11, a divider 12 and a square adder 13 to the corresponding PE 1 at points ₂ -in ₂ and g ₂ -g ₂ .

 Phasing the total DN from six PE 1 in the desired direction is provided by connecting the corresponding blocks of the delay line 11 to the dividers 12 according to the principle of "shuffling" their inputs.

 The principle of "shuffling" is known and described in the work: "The principles of construction and characteristics of antennas of the UTR-2 radio telescope / Men.A.V., Sodin L.G. et al. // Antennas: collection of articles. Issue 26 / Ed. Pistolkors A.A. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1978.

 Each adder 10 and the block of delay lines 11 are equipped with six inputs for the number of PE 1. Each block of delay lines 11 and the divider 12 are equipped with six outputs.

 On figv shows the connection of the feeder to the emitters. In each pair of emitters, the screen sheath of the feeder is connected to the top of one emitter, and the central conductor to the top of the other.

 Power dividers 12 can be implemented according to known binary schemes with the inclusion of transformers on the segments of the feeder. The principles for calculating such power dividers are known and described, for example, in the books by S. I. Nadenenko "Antennas". - M .: Sov.radio, 1959, p. 489; D.M.Sazonov, A.N. Gridin, B.A. Mishutin "Microwave device." - M.: Radio and Communications, 1981, p. 45.

 The delay line unit 11 can be implemented on switched segments of a coaxial cable.

 The adder 10 can be made according to the transformer with six primary and one common secondary windings.

The quadrature adder 13 is designed to squarely add the signals received to the orthogonal pairs of emitters in each PE 1. It can be implemented according to the transformer circuit shown in Fig.7. The circuit includes two transformers Tr. 1 and Tr.2, the primary windings of which are connected to the vertical (in-in) in the horizontal (g-g) pairs of emitters of each PE 1. The secondary windings Tr.1 and Tr.2 are connected to the primary winding of the summing transformer Tr. 3, the secondary winding of which is the output of the quadrature adder. Moreover, the second winding of one of the transformers (Fig. 7 Tr.2) is connected to the primary winding of the transformer Tr.3 through a phase shifter (PV) at 90 ^o .

 The diameter d of the conductors 7 and the gap δ between these conductors and the edges of the emitters (see Fig. 3) are selected from design considerations. Moreover, with the selected diameter d of the conductors 7, the gap δ is determined within δ = (2-3) d.

Declared PAR works as follows. When applying exciter voltage through the feeder, 8 n.h. power path to the tops of the emitters 2 of the central PE 1 (for example, to the points g ₁ -g ₁ ) including currents flow through a symmetric vibrator, the shoulders of which are formed by a pair of emitters 2 (horizontal in FIG. 1) of the central PE 1, and connected to them at points “a”, additionally by conductors 6 by a pair of PE 1 located on both sides of the central PE 1 rr 'aperture PAR. The shape of these PE 1 is shown in FIG. 4.

The second pair of emitters 2 of the central PE 1 together with two pairs of other PE 1 act as a distributed shunt. T.O. at the entrance of g _1- g ₁ n.h. sub-band is formed by a symmetrical shunt vibrator (see Fig. 8), providing range operation with a frequency overlap factor of at least 4. When exciting another pair of emitters 2 (vertical in FIG. 1) of the central PE 1, the arms of the symmetric vibrator will be formed by these emitters and connected to them at points “a” by two pairs of PE 1 located along the diagonals kk 'and c-c' of the PAR aperture. Another pair of emitters 2 of the central PE 1 (horizontal in FIG. 1) together with the connected PE 1 lying on the diagonal r-p 'of the PAR aperture, in this case play the role of a distributed shunt (see Fig. 8).

T. about. along the tract sub-band connected to the points in ₁ -in ₁ also forms a range of shunt symmetric vibrator. It is obvious that the configuration of shunt vibrators n. h. subbands the inputs r ₁ -r ₁ and _{1 1} -to differ somewhat, which could lead to differences of the input parameters. Almost complete coincidence of the input parameters of the emitters at the inputs in ₁ -in ₁ and g ₁ -g ₁ in the declared PAR is achieved by choosing the indicated values of the angle α of the emitters and the location of the conductors 7, which play the role of shunts along the edges of the emitters in PE 1 located on the diagonals kk 'and s-c 'aperture of the PAR (see also figure 3). When working in h. in the subrange, all PE 1 (except the central one) are connected to six identical inputs of the RF circuit sub-band at points in ₂ -in ₂ and g ₂ -g ₂ (see also Fig.6). The structure of PE 1 lying on the diagonal r-p 'of the aperture is shown in figure 4, and the structure of the remaining PE 1 is shown in figure 3. PE 1 shown in FIG. 4, is a symmetrical shunt vibrator at the entrance to ₂ -in ₂ and the input g ₂ -g ₂ . PE 1, shown in figure 3, also represent a turnstile shunt symmetric vibrators at two inputs. The difference lies in some modification of the shape of the shunt on one side of the vertical pair of emitters. The latter is necessary to achieve symmetry of the orthogonal antenna channels in the low frequency. sub-range by input parameters.

 Thanks to the “shuffling” scheme of the outputs of the dividers 12 and the corresponding inputs of the delay line blocks 11, the o-o ', c-c', k-k 'and p-p' diagonals are formed in the direction of the diagonals almost identical (see Fig. 9), i.e. quasiotropic in the azimuthal plane of the beam is ensured.

 Thus, the general aperture of the PAR, limited by a circle with a diameter of D, is used twice for working in low frequencies. and h. subbands, which reduces the area occupied by the PAR aperture. The selected configuration of the emitters, along with the ability to preserve the principle of self-complementarity of the structure of the emitters, provides the actual symmetry of the circuit along the diagonals of the aperture. This achieves a high quality of antenna matching (high traveling wave coefficient - KBW) and the possibility of forming close to an undirected azimuthal pattern.

 Checking the quality of coordination was carried out on a prototype headlamp designed to operate in the range of 1.5-60 MHz (including the sub-range of 1.5-6 MHz; including the range of 6-60 MHz). The dimensions of the PAR elements were: D = 15 m; L = 2.5 m; δ = 0.04 m. The shunt conductor 7 is made of a conductor with a diameter of d = 0.02 m, the emitters are made of 0.5 mm thick galvanized sheet plates. The results of experimental measurements of the KBM, shown in figure 10, confirm the high efficiency of the claimed antenna. In the range often with almost forty-fold overlap in the frequency of KBV> 0.4, which is acceptable for working with modern wide-band radio facilities.

Claims (2)

 1. A phased antenna array containing a group of planar elements mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to a central planar element located at the center of the aperture of the phased array antenna, each planar element consists of two orthogonal pairs of emitters placed coplanar within the semiconducting medium or on its surface, the outer ends emitters belonging to adjacent flat elements are electrically connected, and the outer ends of the emitters, limiting the phased aperture antenna arrays are connected to each other by short-circuit conductors, the ends of the emitters of the central flat element adjacent to each other are connected to the feeder path of the low-frequency channel, and the ends of the emitters of the remaining flat elements are connected to the feeder path of the high-frequency channel, and the orthogonal pairs of emitters in each flat element are independently powered, characterized in that the phased antenna array consists of seven flat elements, each emitter is made in the form of a quadrangle, symmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis and with different angles α and β at the vertices lying on this axis, in two pairs of flat elements, the symmetry axes of the emitters located along the diagonals of the aperture of the phased antenna array are aligned with the corresponding lateral edges of the first pair of emitters of the central flat element, and in the third pair of flat elements of the axis of symmetry of the emitters, located diagonally across the aperture of the phased array, are aligned with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the second pair of emitters of the central plane about the element, in each flat element the external ends of its emitters adjacent to the diagonal of the phased antenna array, which coincides with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the first pair of emitters of the central flat element, are connected to each other by additional pieces of conductors, and the emitters in each of the flat elements of the third pair are connected to the second pair of emitters of the central flat element, connected by segments of conductors with the ends of the respective emitters of the orthogonal pair of the same flat element and with of the additional conductors, their outer edges at the peripheral vertices are connected to adjacent vertices of the outer edges of the emitters of the central flat element, along the edges of the emitters, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of which are aligned with the corresponding edges of the emitters of the central flat element, conductors are connected to the outer ends of these emitters, and conductors are installed along the edges facing away from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the emitters of the central planar element. 2. The lattice according to claim 1, characterized in that in each emitter the angles α and β are selected in the intervals α = 53 - 58 ^o , and β = 165 - 175 ^o .

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