RU2133335C1 - Method and device for development of oil deposits and processing of oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil production and processing industry. SUBSTANCE: according to method, two vertical bore-holes are drilled in selected area of oil deposit close to each other. Introduced into one bore-hole is nuclear heat generator, and introduced into another bore-hole is device for underground degassing, distillation, and thermal cracking of crude oil. Four pairs of producing wells are also drilled in diagonal planes and equally distant from center. High-temperature water is produced, and productive oil bed is subjected to treatment by this hot water. Hot water is displaced along oil bed in direction towards producing wells. Productive oil bed and skeleton of ground are subjected to heating. Simultaneously crude oil is delivered into subsurface device. Created over height of device is uniform temperature differential and formed are zones of thermal cracking, distillation, rectification, condensation, fractionation, degassing of crude oil. Device for realization of method is made in the form of two central wells with bottom hole below productive oil bed, four pairs of oil producing wells, and two functional units. One of these functional units is represented by nuclear heat generator. Application of aforesaid combination of method and device ensures larger oil recovery together with industrial development of oil deposit containing hard-to-win reserves. Combined into single technological process is development of deposit and processing of crude oil without using any specific chemicals. In addition, scale of polluting environmental medium is reduced. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for developing oil fields and processing of crude oil, and the construction of devices for its implementation, and can be used in the oil and gas industry.

 A known method of developing oil fields, including drilling the oil area-deposits, arranging wells, creating a system for collecting and recording borehole products, subsequently creating a system for maintaining reservoir pressure, displacing the formation by exposing the reservoir to a displacing agent, for example, formation and waste water, introducing into a displacing agent of chemicals.

 A significant disadvantage of this method is the low oil recovery factor - not exceeding 30-40% for low-viscosity oils. For viscous oils, this figure is much lower. In addition, the known solution does not provide for oil refining (1, 2).

 The presence in the oil fields of a widely ramified network of water pipelines leads to their frequent gusts and environmental pollution, salinization of freshwater horizons (1, 2).

 There is a known method of developing oil fields and a device for its implementation, described in the book of Yu.D. Bogorod and IB Sheinman. Thermal methods of oil production. Overview of foreign inventions. M.: TSNIIIPI, 1965, p. 40-44 (3).

 The well-known solution also does not provide for oil refining.

 The technical result of the invention is the development of a technological process for the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, which allows to simplify and integrate the development of oil fields and the processing of crude oil into a single technological process, to minimize the number of objects for oil extraction and refining, to create a single production system instead of multi-stage and cumbersome technology processing with closed control loops, increase oil recovery coefficient by 1.5-2.0 times, start industrial development of fields with hard-to-recover reserves and deposits of natural bitumen, remove "environmentally dirty" technologies and cumbersome technical equipment from the surface for the extraction, collection, preparation, and refining of crude oil, abandon the chemicalization of oil production processes, and reduce the volume of formation and field wastewater by dozens , to exclude the burning of fossil fuels (oil and oil products) for technological needs in the preparation and processing of oil, to reduce the length of pipelines and other communications, reduce the loss of oil and gas, reduce the energy intensity of oil recovery and oil refining processes, increase fire safety during oil refining, reduce several times the area of land alienated for oil production and refining, reduce the negative impact on the biological resources of nature, and as a result - reduce environmental pollution tenfold.

The necessary technical result is achieved by the fact that, by the method of developing oil fields and oil refining, a section of the oil field is selected, the oil field is divided into block cards, two vertical wells are laid and carried out in the center of the block in close proximity to the other, and bottom holes are brought out below the reservoir , lay and spend in the central part of the block, in its diagonal planes and four pairs of production wells equidistant from the center, enter into one central vertical well on its bottom is a nuclear heat generator, and in another, a downhole device for underground degassing, distillation and thermal cracking of crude oil, the heat generator is put into operation, high-temperature water is produced with a pressure of up to 35 MPa, temperature up to 550 ^o C, it is applied to the reservoir by high-temperature water, and move high-temperature water along the producing formation towards production wells, warm the producing formation and rock skeleton below the producing formation, at the same time into the downhole devices they supply crude oil, form a uniform temperature difference along the height of the device with a maximum bottom temperature and a minimum temperature at the wellhead and create an intensive thermal cracking zone, a soft thermal cracking zone, a distillation zone, a distillation zone, a condensation and separation zone, a crude oil degassing zone , then the fractions are removed from various levels of the temperature field of the device, and additional production wells are laid and conducted in the peripheral sections of the block.

 A device for the development of oil fields and oil refining, characterized in that it is made in the form of two central vertical wells in the immediate vicinity of one another, with a face below the reservoir, equidistant from the center of four pairs of production wells and two functional blocks - a nuclear heat generator, the bottomhole of one of the central vertical wells and the downhole device - columns for underground degassing, distillation and thermal cracking of crude oil introduced into another central w vertical well, with their thermal interaction with the high-temperature water flows generated by nuclear heat source, for producing formation and by conduction rocks.

 In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of mapping an oil reservoir onto block cards; in FIG. 2 and 3 - a schematic diagram of the placement of technological means in the development of a separate block map of an oil deposit; in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram and a block diagram of a downhole technological device for producing high-temperature water as a displacing agent, and for underground degassing, distillation, and thermal cracking of crude oil.

 The development of oil fields and oil refining by the proposed method is carried out in sequence.

 The oil field 1 is divided (mapped) into separate block cards 2, for example square (Fig. 1).

 In the center of the block card, for example, at the intersection of the diagonals, two central vertical wells of increased diameter 3 and 3 are laid and carried out, in close proximity to one another, (Fig. 2 and 3). In this case, the bottom of the wells is lowered below the reservoir 5.

 Lay and spend in the central part of the block map, for example, in its diagonal planes and 4 equally spaced from the center (wells 3 and 4), 4 pairs of producing wells 6.

Equip this group of wells assembly ring collector 7 (Fig. 2 and 3). A downhole nuclear heat generator 8 is introduced to the bottom of the well, and a device for underground degassing, distillation and thermal cracking of crude oil 9 is introduced into the well 4. Heat generator 8 is launched and brought into operation, high-temperature water is produced with parameters - pressure up to 35 MPa, temperature up to 550 ^o C.

 Affect the reservoir 5 with high temperature water, heating the reservoir and the skeleton of the rock below the reservoir, thus creating a high temperature zone 10.

 Simultaneously with the heating of the formation and the skeleton of the rock, crude oil is fed into the device 9 (Fig. 4).

 Crude oil, moving from top to bottom, passing through the functional elements of the device 8, is freed from free and dissolved gaseous fractions 11.

 Degassed oil moving from top to bottom, approaching the high temperature zone will warm up. The oil heating process will contribute to the oil degassing process.

When warming the oil to a temperature of 350 ^o C will be the process of distillation of oil. The low boiling fractions 12, evaporating, move upwards, in the initial period they will condense and come back. This return flow acts coolingly and ensures that a uniform temperature difference is established between the incoming crude oil and the high temperature zone.

Unevaporated oil fractions, moving downward, are heated to a temperature of 400-450 ^o C. At the same time, branched (long) chain molecules decompose into short ones, i.e., the process of soft thermal cracking, or the process of converting high-boiling fractions to low-boiling ones, is realized. The fractions 13 evaporated in this case, rising up the device through the distillation zone, will be enriched with light fractions of the condensate-reflux coming down and condense in the condensation and fraction separation zone.

The unevaporated part of the oil, continuing to move further, is heated to a temperature of 550 ^o C. Thus, the process of intensive thermal cracking is realized. The fractions 14 evaporated in this case, moving up the device, pass the rectification zone, will condense and separate into fractions 15, 16, 17 at different levels of the temperature field of the condensation and fraction separation zone.

 Condensate fractions will accumulate in storage tanks built into the device at different levels of the temperature field, in the design of which submersible pump units, for example, of the UEC type, with a pulsed telemetry system, are built in.

 As fractions accumulate in storage tanks, fractions will be removed by automatically switching on submersible pumps. The laying and wiring of production wells 19 in the peripheral sections of the reservoir, the sequence of their commissioning, and the device of the prefabricated collector 20, is decided in each specific case, taking into account the physical and geological features of the oil reservoir.

Sources of information
1. Boyko V.S. Development and operation of oil fields. M .: Nedra, 1990, p. 115-139.

 2. Baykov, U.M. et al. Conservation of nature in the oil fields of Bashkiria. Ufa, Bashkir Book Publishing House, 1987, p. 25-50.

Claims (2)

1. A method of developing oil fields and oil refining, characterized in that a section of the oil field is selected, the oil field is divided into block cards, two central vertical wells are laid and carried out in the center of the block in close proximity to the other, and bottom holes are brought out below the reservoir , lay and spend in the central part of the block, in its diagonal planes, and four pairs of production wells equidistant from the center, enter a nuclear t into one central vertical well at its bottom an heat generator, and in another, a downhole device for underground degassing, distillation and thermal cracking of crude oil, put the heat generator on, generate high-temperature water with a pressure of up to 35 MPa, a temperature of up to 550 ^o C, act on the reservoir with high-temperature water, create and move along high-temperature water to the producing reservoir in the direction of the producing wells, the reservoir and rock skeleton are heated below the reservoir, at the same time, crude oil is fed into the borehole device b, they form a uniform temperature difference along the height of the device with a maximum temperature at the bottom and a minimum temperature at the wellhead and create a zone of intense thermal cracking, a zone of soft thermal cracking, a distillation zone, a distillation zone, a condensation and fraction separation zone, a crude oil degassing zone, then fractions are removed from various levels of the temperature field of the device, and additional production wells are laid and carried out at peripheral sections of the block.  2. A device for the development of oil fields and oil refining, characterized in that it is made in the form of two central vertical wells in the immediate vicinity of one another, with a face below the reservoir, equidistant from the center of four pairs of production wells and two functional units - a nuclear heat generator , at the bottom of one of the central vertical wells, and the downhole device - columns for underground degassing, distillation and thermal cracking of crude oil introduced into another central hydrochloric vertical well, with their thermal interaction with the high-temperature water flows generated by nuclear heat source, for producing formation and by conduction rocks.

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