RU2133010C1 - Process of breaking of mineral resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, exploitation of deposits by open or underground methods. SUBSTANCE: process lies in multirow drilling of holes, in their charging with explosives and in their blasting in certain sequence. Specific feature of process consists in such arrangement of holes in rows when one hole is placed after pair of holes and single and paired holes of each next row are displaced relative to preceding row by value found from mathematical expression. In this case charges of paired holes in row are exploded simultaneously and with delay with reference to charges of single holes. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of explosion. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used by mining enterprises in underground and opencast mining using drilling and blasting operations.

 A known method of breaking rocks in rows of parallel-parallel or single borehole explosive charges, in which the explosive energy is distributed evenly over the entire collapsed mass without taking into account the charge in the process of short-blown blasting (ed. Certificate of the USSR N 160134, V.N. Mosinets, etc. Destruction rocks), Moscow: Nedra, 1975, p. 166-167).

 The disadvantage of this method of rock destruction is that during short-blasting, the operating conditions of each charge do not remain constant, but change depending on the existing and newly formed outcrop planes, as well as the degree of interaction of charges along the line of their location.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of breaking minerals, including multi-row drilling of wells, their charging with explosives with a differentiated distribution of explosive energy depending on the beaten volume of the rock mass with each charge (ed. Certificate of the USSR N 1113655).

 The disadvantage of this method is the presence of unregulated zones of crushing the array with each charge and, as a consequence, the insufficiently high efficiency of explosive charges, which reduces the efficiency of drilling and blasting.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the explosion.

где а - расстояние между одиночными скважинами в ряду, м, определяется из выражения

W - Л.Н.С., м,
α - угол полураскрытия воронки нормального дробления, тангенс которого равен 0,8 - 1,0^o,
b_п - расстояние между скважинами в паре, м, при этом заряды в парных скважинах взрывают одновременно и с замедлением по отношению к зарядам одиночных скважин.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method, including multi-row drilling of wells, charging them with explosives and blasting in a certain sequence, the wells in rows are arranged in pairs through one, and the distance between the wells in the pair is taken to be 0.1 - 1.0 L. N .С., And in each successive row, single and paired wells are shifted relative to the wells of the previous row by an amount determined from the expression

where a is the distance between single wells in a row, m, is determined from the expression

W - L.N.S., m,
α is the half-opening angle of the funnel of normal crushing, the tangent of which is equal to 0.8 - 1.0 ^o ,
b _p - the distance between the wells in a pair, m, while the charges in the pair of wells explode simultaneously and with a slowdown in relation to the charges of single wells.

 The implementation of the method is illustrated in the drawing, which, as an example, shows the layout and explosive charges of explosives in the area of the array of the worked block.

A. V. Kovazhenkova’s method is used as the basis for the parameters of the grid of the location of the wells, according to which the coefficient of use of the energy of the explosion for crushing rocks has a maximum value when the fracture funnel index (tgα) is 0.8 - 1.0, i.e., when half-opening funnel normal crushing 38.5 - 45 ^o . In the drawing, the angle α = 45 ^o .
The method is as follows.

 The array of block (1) is drilled with three rows of wells (I, II, III,) with a distance between rows equal to L.N.S. (W).

In the first row (1), single wells (3) alternate with paired wells (2) at a distance from each other equal to “A”, the second at a given half-opening angle of the normal crushing funnel (α), the distance between the wells in a pair (b _p and L.N.S. (W) are determined by the formula (2).

 In the second row (II), single and paired wells are shifted relative to the first row by a value of "C" in one direction or another (in the drawing, the offset is shown to the left), determined by the formula (1). Similarly to the first and second row, wells are positioned and displaced in the third, fourth, etc. ranks.

 Then the wells are charged with explosive and blast.

 First of all (I stage of deceleration), charges of single wells (3) of the first row (1) located on the side of the free surface (4) are blasted. In the second turn (2 deceleration stage), the charges of paired wells (2) of the same series are blown up. At the same time, the charges of paired wells explode simultaneously. Similarly produce blasting of charges of wells in the second and third rows.

Claims (1)

A method of explosive breaking of minerals, including multi-row drilling of wells, loading them with explosives and blasting in a certain sequence, characterized in that the wells in rows are arranged in pairs through one, and the distance between the wells in the pair is taken to be 0.1 - 1.0 L. NS, and in each subsequent row, single and paired wells are shifted relative to the wells of the previous row by an amount determined from the expression

where a is the distance between single wells in a row is determined from the expression

W - L.N. S., m;
α is the half-opening angle of the funnel of normal crushing, the tangent of which is 0.8 - 1.0 ^o ;
b _n - the distance between the wells in pairs, m,
while the charges of paired wells in a row explode simultaneously and with a deceleration with respect to the charges of single wells.