RU2132179C1 - Medical hypobaric altitude chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: altitude chamber has airtight body consisting of immovable cover and telescopic body itself which includes external casing and cylinder. Casing and cylinder are capable of axial displacement relative to each other by means of drives through screw pairs. Construction of altitude chamber provides for variation of curative room useful volume. This reduces required pumping-out power of pump and simplifies pressure variation control. EFFECT: improved design. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medical equipment and may find application in medical practice.

 To treat certain diseases of an allergic origin (bronchial asthma, neurodermatitis, etc.), hypobaric pressure chambers are used in medicine [1], [2], [3].

 Hyperbaric hypoxia pressure chambers are known in which, during a treatment session, the pressure drops to a certain level, usually 450-500 mmHg. Art. At this pressure in the treatment room, patients are kept for a certain period of time from 1 to 3 hours, then the pressure rises to atmospheric pressure, the cabin is depressurized and patients exit. At all stages of the treatment session (depressurization-exposure-pressurization-increase to atmospheric pressure), the interior cavity is ventilated by inflowing and pumping out a constant flow of conditioned air (Q ≈ 3 n • l / s per patient). Lowering the barometric pressure in the medical compartment of the pressure chamber is carried out by pumping air using a vacuum pump, usually a liquid ring type. Such pumps have relatively high energy consumption, have a high level of noise, vibration, require supply and drainage of water, therefore they are always taken outside the treatment room (barozal) to another room, usually a basement. As a result, it is difficult to monitor the state of the pumping pump and its maintenance.

 In addition, it should be noted that the process of changing the pressure in the pressure chamber is controlled by the operator from the control panel manual control valves on the pumping and ventilation lines. In this case, it is necessary to withstand the required rate of change in pressure and a constant flow of ventilation air. As a result, the operator’s intense attention is required during operation and, given the complex nature of the pressure change curve, leads to overwork, which can negatively affect the course of management and control of the treatment process.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of such a design of the pressure chamber, which significantly reduces the required power of the pump out and simplifies the management of the mode of pressure change in the treatment session.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the pressure chamber of the medical hypobaric, including a sealed enclosure, a device for protection against unacceptable pressure drops, means for controlling environmental parameters, devices for monitoring and diagnostics of patients, the sealed pressure chamber is made in the form of a telescopic device with the ability to change the useful volume of the medical salon In addition, there is a drive that provides mutual movement of the parts of the pressure chamber housing in order to change the internal volume of the cabin. With an increase in the usable volume of the cabin, the air pressure in it decreases; with a decrease in volume, the air pressure rises to atmospheric values.

 The positive effect of the use of the invention is to reduce the required pumping capacity (3-5 times less compared to cameras of constant volume), which makes it possible to use a silent rotary-molecular type pump located in the immediate vicinity of the camera body (in the same indoors). In addition, the predetermined mode of lowering and increasing pressure in the treatment compartment (usually a linear change in pressure over time) is easily ensured by a uniform rate of change in the volume of the compartment due to the constant speed of mutual movement of parts of the pressure chamber housing.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a pressure chamber; in FIG. 2, 3, 4 - various positions of the medical salon.

 The pressure chamber housing includes a cover 1, which is fixedly mounted on the frame 2, and a telescopic housing consisting of an outer shell with a bottom 3 and a cylinder 4. The shell 3 and cylinder 4 have the possibility of mutual axial movement by means of actuators 5 through screw pairs 6, 7. The sealing of the outer shell and the cylinder 4 is carried out using elastic annular sealing elements 8. The telescopic housing assembly has the possibility of axial movement with respect to the fixed cover 1, since it is placed on four trimmings wheels 9 on rails 10 mounted on frame 2, i.e. the useful volume of the treatment salon may vary. The tightness in the flange joint of the cover 1 and the cylinder 4 is ensured by an elastic annular sealing element 11.

 The pressure chamber includes a ventilation system consisting of an air-conditioned air supply line and a pumping line with a rotary pump 12 mounted directly on the housing of the fixed cover 1 of the pressure chamber. Electrically controlled valves 13 and 14 are installed on the highways.

 The pressure chamber provides protection against unacceptable pressure drops 16, devices for monitoring and diagnosing the condition of patients (not shown in the drawing).

 In FIG. 2, 3, 4 show the successive stages of the process of using the pressure chamber.

 In the position shown in FIG. 2, the medical salon of the pressure chamber is depressurized, the telescopic housing is moved away on wheels 9 from the fixed cover 1 by an amount necessary and sufficient for patients to enter the salon and place them in chairs 15.

 In the position shown in FIG. 3, the medical compartment of the pressure chamber is sealed (the telescopic housing is moved to the fixed cover 1 until a sealed joint is formed in the flanges). Patients are placed in chairs 15, the ventilation system is turned on, the mechanism of telescopic movement of the outer shell 3 relative to the cylinder 4 is activated.

 In the position shown in FIG. 4, the period of reduction of air pressure in the cabin ends (the mutual displacement of parts of the telescopic pressure chamber body is stopped). The aging period begins "at height", i.e. with reduced air pressure in the cabin. The duration of this period is from 1 to 3 hours. Patients have the opportunity to spend this period in reclining or lying positions. At the end of the holding period, the mechanism of telescopic movement of the shell 3 relative to the cylinder 4 is again actuated and the pressure chamber is gradually brought into the position shown in FIG. 4.

 The duration of the period of decrease and increase in pressure in the pressure chamber (change in the free volume of the treatment compartment) is 12-15 minutes.

 At all stages of the session (depressurization-exposure-pressurization-increase to atmospheric pressure), the system of supply and exhaust ventilation is continuously functioning, a flow of ventilation air of 3.2 n • l / s per patient is ensured.

 A positive effect arising from the use of the claimed design consists, firstly, in reducing the required performance of the pumping device (by 3–5 times), energy consumption for the operation to lower the air pressure in the pressure chamber (5–6 times), as a result the possibility of using low-noise pumps of small capacity, mounted directly on the housing (or on a fixed frame), and secondly, the problem of programmed control of pressure change modes in ca beneath, which is provided by programmed control of the mutual movement of the telescopic parts of the pressure chamber housing. This is especially true in connection with the continuous complication of barometric pressure change programs during treatment sessions.

 Due to the mechanical limitation of the limits of expansion of the chamber volume, the design of protection devices against unacceptable pressure drops 16 is simplified.

 There is also no need for a bulky pneumatic vacuum control unit for manual control of the rate of change of air pressure in the cabin and control of its level.

Sources of information
1. A method of adaptation to periodic hypobaric hypoxia in therapy and prevention. Guidelines. - M.: Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, 1989.

 2. Treatment of patients with bronchial asthma in a pressure chamber of low pressure (hypobarotherapy). Guidelines. - M.: Ministry of Health of the USSR, 1989.

 3. Patent N 2032394, A 61 G 10/02, BI N 10, 1995.

Claims (1)

 Medical hypobaric pressure chamber, including a sealed enclosure, a device for protection against unacceptable pressure drops, means for regulating environmental parameters, a patient monitoring and diagnostic system, characterized in that the sealed pressure chamber case is made in the form of a telescopic device with a changing internal volume and is equipped with a drive mechanism.

Images