RU2481814C1 - Method of pressure chamber hypoxia and hypobaric medical pressure chamber for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine, namely, to medical equipment, and can be used in carrying out pressure chamber hypoxia. Claimed is hypobaric medical pressure chamber, which includes saloon, made airproof with possibility of control of patient's state through illuminator, means for regulation of environment parameters, pumping out vacuum pump, in which glycerol is used as working oil. With sucking side pump is connected with saloon, and means of air supply to saloon. Also claimed is method of pressure chamber hypoxia by application of said pressure chamber. Fifteen-twenty 20-40 minute-long sessions of hypoxia are carried out in pressure chamber of lower pressure. Gradual increase of "height" is carried out in each session step-by-step until maximal "height" not more than 2000 m is reached at the last stage. Time of "ascending" constitutes 25-30 seconds, time of "descending" constitutes 30-35 seconds. Multiple short exposures are carried out at respective "heights" at atmospheric pressure in each stage of session.

EFFECT: inventions make it possible to carry out sessions of pressure chamber hypoxia in efficient and save way due to definite elaborated mode of carrying out each session and application of glycerol as oil.

11 cl, 3 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of medical technology, and in particular to methods and pressure chambers, the action of which is based on exposure to an alternating vacuum for the medication-free treatment of health disorders, and is intended for use in medical and preventive institutions, clinics, as well as in traveling and extreme conditions on the recommendation a doctor.

It is known to use hypobaric effects on the human body in order to restore its normal physiological state after stress, physical exertion, or to treat a wide range of diseases from bronchial asthma, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastric tract to metabolic and psychoneurological disorders, as well as impaired reproductive function.

A known method for restoring the elasticity of sclerosed vessels, including the general effect of barometric pressure on a patient placed in a mini-pressure chamber in a sitting position, the effect being carried out by sessions (from 5 to 20, depending on the severity of the pathology) with a pulsating pressure with an increase in Δ from -10 to 10 Torr (mmHg) relative to the initial atmospheric pressure at the patient’s location with a frequency of 3-0.1 Hz for 1-10 minutes with repeating sessions after 3-6 months (see RF patent for invention No. 2025115, IPC A61G 10/02, about published on 12/30/1994).

The known method of hyperbaric chamber hypoxia involves exposure to pulsating alternating pressure in the barocyclone and improves the state of vessels of all calibers by changing their tone and can be effectively used in the treatment of hypertension of any stage, conditions after a heart attack, strokes, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases of the extremities and etc. The result of treatment is achieved by increasing the elasticity of blood vessels, their tone and, as a result, the normalization of organ and general rovotokov, improve the central and peripheral hemodynamics.

The disadvantage of the method in limited use due to the insufficient degree of hyperbaric hypoxia, which is accompanied by a short remission of the disease, a short period of repeated sessions, therapeutic effect in an insufficient number of diseases.

The closest in the claimed method is a method of hyperbaric hypoxia for the rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction, in which at the same time as physical therapy apply a course of periodic hyperbaric hypoxia of 22 daily three-hour procedures in a pressure chamber at low altitude "3500 m" at a speed of "rise" and "descent" 2-3 m / s, and the first sessions are carried out with a gradual increase in height, starting from 1000 m (decreasing the pressure in the pressure chamber, starting from 650 mm Hg) and then adding 500 m daily (lowering daily pressure to ~ 50 mm Hg) until the maximum "height" of 3500 m is reached, which corresponds to ~ 460 mm Hg. (see RF patent for the invention No. 2254846, IPC A61G 10/02, A61H 1/02, publ. January 27, 2005).

The known method allows to increase the capacity of the coronary bed, increase coronary blood flow, reduce the number of cardiac arrhythmias, increase efficiency.

However, this method of hyperbaric chamber hypoxia is based on a rather slow decrease in pressure at a rate of 04 ÷ 06 mm RT. Art. in one second and a long session (up to several hours) of exposure to the human body.

A long stay in a pressure chamber at a high altitude (3500 m) is accompanied by discomfort, neurosis and toxicosis, fear of patients, which leads to a refusal to continue treatment. The low efficiency of the session limits the use of known hyperbaric hypoxia.

Known medical single-chamber pressure chamber, consisting of a body with a side door, which is both a porthole, life support systems, technical equipment, a control panel, a porthole located on the opposite side of the pressure chamber to expand the review and eliminate the effect of claustrophobia in a patient, an intercom and a swivel chair with three positions for the patient: sitting, reclining, lying down (see RF patent for the invention No. 2112486, IPC A61G 10/02, publ. 06/10/1998).

The absence of a porthole on the front of the pressure chamber does not allow the operator of the pressure chamber hypoxia to monitor the patient's condition, which reduces the safety of the session. The presence of an intercom does not eliminate this drawback.

A multi-seat medical hypobaric pressure chamber is known, including a sealed enclosure, patient input and output devices, devices for protection against unacceptable differences, a system for monitoring and diagnosing patients' condition, means for adjusting environmental parameters, including a medical salon pumping and ventilation system, and a rotary-molecular pump installed on the inlet line and connected through the shutoff valves with its exhaust to the inlet line, and with a pump nozzle to the conditioned vein supply line air, moreover, the pumping system is equipped with a control unit, and the patient chairs are located in the cabin one after another (see RF patent for invention No. 2139024, IPC A61G 10/02, publ. 10.10.1999).

The high cost of a rotary-molecular pump increases the cost of a pressure chamber by 1.5-2 times compared with a pressure chamber using a vacuum pump. The absence of a window does not allow the operator to monitor the condition of patients during hyperbaric hypoxia and eliminate the effect of claustrophobia in patients. In this regard, the well-known multi-seat pressure chamber did not find wide application.

Known pressure chamber medical hypobaric multi-seat, including a sealed enclosure, patient input and output devices, protection against unacceptable pressure drops, a system for diagnosing and monitoring the condition of patients, means for controlling environmental parameters, including a pumping system with a vacuum pump and ventilation of a medical salon, the ventilation system includes two circuits: external - supply, with an additional vacuum pump with a capacity of (0.4 ... 0.5) n l / s and internal - cleaning, with a capacity air exchange within (3 ... 3.5) n l / s, where n is the number of patients in the pressure chamber (see certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 17424, IPC A61G 10/02, published on April 10, 2001).

In multi-seat hyperbaric chambers, it is difficult to monitor patients during a hyperbaric hypoxia session. The poor health of one of them negatively affects the others, which can lead to termination of the session for all patients. The presence of two vacuum pumps complicates the design and does not exclude fire hazard situations in connection with the use of toxic vacuum oil in them.

Closest to the proposed pressure chamber is a double-chamber medical hypobaric pressure chamber including a horizontal cylindrical body, devices for protecting patients from unacceptable pressure drops, means for regulating environmental parameters, a diagnostic and monitoring system for patients, a vacuum pump, and the body is made in the form of a metal frame and two transparent hemispheres with rectangular side openings, several of which are made in the form of stationary sealed convex portholes (see RF patent for invention No. 2338499, IPC A61G 10/02, published on January 10, 2004 - prototype).

During the operation of the pressure chamber, the emission of vacuum oil vapor from the vacuum pump pollutes the environment with toxic fire hazardous elements. Multi-chamber pressure chambers do not differ in compactness, mobility, and are not widely used because of the high cost, low reliability and danger of use, the complexity of disinfection, large dimensions and weight, and inconvenience of operation.

The technical result of the proposed method of hyperbaric hypoxia is to provide a drug-free universal highly effective elimination of patients health disorders through the use of intermittent vacuums in one session, to increase the efficiency of procedures, to shorten the treatment time, and the possibility of using patients of different age groups with various pathologies.

The technical result of the proposed pressure chamber medical hypobaric - in the simplicity of manufacture and safety of operation, increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect, the comfort of the procedures, ease of disinfection, compactness, mobility and low cost.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of hyperbaric hypoxia, which includes periodic sessions in the hyperbaric chamber of reduced pressure with a gradual increase in "height", spend 15-20 sessions for 20-40 minutes of hyperbaric hypoxia, and a gradual increase in "height" is carried out in each session in stages until the achievement at the last stage of the maximum "height" of no more than 2000 m with a "rise" time of 25-30 seconds, a "descent" time of 30-35 seconds and multiple short exposure times at the corresponding "heights" and at atmospheric pressure in each Tape session.

It is preferable in each session to increase the "height" in three stages, starting up to 1000 meters in the first stage, adding 500 meters to achieve a "height" of 1500 meters in the second stage and a "maximum height" of 2000 meters in the third stage.

In each session, at the first and second stages, alternating lowering and increasing pressure in the amount of six to seven cycles, and at the third stage, from ten to twenty cycles.

At each stage of the session, short exposure times at "height" are respectively from 5 to 7 seconds, and exposure at atmospheric pressure after "descent" is from 3 to 5 seconds.

Sessions in a pressure chamber are preferably carried out daily or every other day once a year.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the pressure chamber of the medical hypobaric, including the salon, which is sealed with the ability to monitor the patient’s condition through the porthole, means for adjusting the environmental parameters, the evacuating vacuum pump, the suction side connected to the salon, and the means for supplying air to the salon, in the pump glycerin is used as a working oil.

It is advisable to introduce a container-trap of glycerol vapor from the evacuation vacuum pump, and the container-trap is connected by an air duct to the air outlet fitting of the evacuation vacuum pump.

Useful interior volume does not exceed 0.7 m ³ .

Preferably, the pressure chamber is made in the form of a cabin with wheel supports and a door.

It is advisable to perform a single chamber with the ability to conduct a session of hyperbaric hypoxia sitting, reclining. The porthole is preferably performed on the front side of the cabin with an extended view.

When conducting patent research, no solutions were found that are identical to the claimed, and therefore, the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty." The invention does not follow explicitly from the known solutions, therefore, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step."

Figure 1 shows the pressure chamber medical hypobaric.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the pressure chamber medical hypobaric.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the schedule of the session (shows the change in air pressure in the cabin during the session relative to atmospheric pressure at the location of the patient).

Figure 1-3 adopted the following notation:

1 - salon (for conducting hyperbaric hypoxia sessions);

2 - porthole;

3 - the door of the medical salon 1;

4 - wheel support for the medical salon 1;

5 - control panel;

6 - wheel support for the remote control 5;

7 - means for measuring the "height" (pressure) inside the medical salon 1 (in the form of a manometer);

8 - tap pumping air from the medical salon 1;

9 - evacuation vacuum pump (a means of creating a vacuum in the medical salon 1);

10 - capacity trap of glycerol vapor from the evacuation vacuum pump 9;

11 - filter for cleaning air pumped out of the treatment compartment 1;

12 - tap filling air medical salon 1;

13 - air purification filter for filling the medical salon 1;

14 - means for arranging a patient sitting;

H - "height", m;

P _a - atmospheric pressure at the location of the patient;

t ₁ - the time of "rise" (25-30 seconds);

t ₂ - the exposure time at the corresponding "heights" of each stage of the session (5-7 seconds);

t ₃ - time "descent" (30-35 sec);

t ₄ - the exposure time at atmospheric pressure after each "descent" (3-5 seconds);

T - session time (20-40 min).

The medical hypobaric pressure chamber contains (Fig. 1) a salon 1 for conducting hyperbaric hypoxia sessions, which is sealed with the ability to monitor the patient's condition through the window 2. The salon 1 is formed in a rigid metal case with a door 3 and wheel supports 4. The control panel 5 is made on wheeled supports 6 (Fig. 2) and includes at least means 7 for measuring "height" (pressure) inside the cabin 1 (in the form of a manometer with graduation in "height"), a tap 8 for pumping air out of the cabin 1, a vacuum pump 9 (means created Ia discharge in the cabin 1) with glycerin as a working oil, a trap tank of 10 vapors of glycerin from the evacuation vacuum pump 9, made closed (sealed), installed next to the evacuation vacuum pump 9 and connected to it by an air duct (for example, a hose), and also a filter 11 for purifying the air evacuated from the passenger compartment 1, means for supplying air in the form of a valve 12 for filling the passenger compartment with air 1 and an air purifying filter 13 for filling the passenger compartment 1. A suction pump 9 is connected to the passenger compartment by a suction side m hypobaric pressure chamber 1. Power is provided by AC ≈380 B.

Useful interior volume does not exceed 0.7 m ³ . Preferably, the salon 1 is made single in the form of a cabin with wheel supports 4 and a door 3 with the possibility of conducting sessions of hyperbaric hypoxia sitting, reclining. The porthole 2 is preferably performed on the front side of the cabin 1 with an extended view. In figure 1, in the cabin 1, a means 14 is installed for arranging the patient, in particular in the form of a puff, for conducting pressure chamber hypoxia sessions in a sitting position. It is possible to install a chair, stool or reclining chair for tilting the patient's body at an angle of no more than 45 °. The pressure chamber, if necessary, can be equipped with an intercom for a doctor or operator with a patient.

The pressure chamber works as follows. The operator, controlling the valve 8 for pumping air out of the cabin 1 and the cock 12 for filling the cabin 1 with air, creates a periodic alternation of low and high pressure with a gradual phased increase in "height" in the cabin 1 for one session lasting (T) 20-40 minutes. The control of the cycles of "rise", "descent" and shutter speeds at "heights" and at atmospheric pressure in each stage is carried out by means of 7 measuring the "height" (pressure) inside the treatment compartment 1 (in the form of a manometer) and means of measuring time (stopwatch, clock) .

Session time (T) is summarized from the time (t ₁ ) of "rises" (25-30 sec), the time (t ₂ ) of shutter speeds (5-7 sec) at the corresponding "heights" of each stage, the time (t ₃ ) of "descent" (30-35 sec), holding time (t ₄ ) (3-5 sec) at atmospheric pressure after each "descent".

The method of hyperbaric hypoxia is as follows. The patient is placed in the salon 1 pressure chamber in a sitting or reclining position and exposure is effected by changing barometric pressure during the session, which lasts from 20 to 40 minutes. From the control panel 5, the doctor or operator controls the technical means according to the specified mode.

In each session, the increase in "height" is carried out in three stages, starting up to 1000 meters (≈674 mm Hg) in the first stage, adding 500 meters to reach the "height" 1500 meters (≈634 mm Hg) the second stage and the "maximum height" of 2000 meters (≈598 mm Hg) in the third stage with a time of "rise" of 25-30 seconds, "descent" of 30-35 seconds and multiple short shutter speeds (pauses) at the corresponding "heights" and at atmospheric pressure at each stage of the session. In each session, at the first and second stages, alternating lowering and increasing pressure in the amount of six to seven cycles, and at the third stage, from ten to twenty cycles. At each stage of the session, short exposure times at "height" are respectively from 5 to 7 seconds, and exposure at atmospheric pressure after "descent" is from 3 to 5 seconds. It is advisable to conduct sessions in the pressure chamber to carry out daily or every other day. The number of sessions varies from 10 to 20, depending on the severity of the pathology, and if necessary, sessions can be repeated after a year. An example of a session of the implementation of the method of hyperbaric hypoxia, including 6 cycles of "rise" and "descent" at the first (1000 m), 6 cycles of "rise" and "descent" at the second (1500 m) stage and 10 cycles - at the third stage (2000 m ), shown in figure 3.

The proposed method was tested on volunteers using a prototype pressure chamber.

Example 1. A patient, 55 years old, suffering from hypertension. Received complaints of frequent hypertensive crises with blood pressure of 200/100. Fifteen sessions were scheduled every other day with 6 cycles of lowering and increasing pressure in the first (1000 m) and second (1500 m) stages and 10 cycles in the third stage (2000 m) with a speed of "rise" of 25 seconds, "descent" of 35 seconds, exposure at "altitude" 7 seconds, and exposure at atmospheric pressure after "descent" 4 seconds.

After three sessions - the pressure decreased to 190/100, after 5 sessions - 180/100, after 10 sessions 170/75 against the background of a significant improvement in the general condition of the patient, lowering blood sugar, improving blood parameters. After the full course, the pressure completely normalized within six months after the last session. Repeated sessions were not required.

Example 2. A patient, 65 years old, was admitted with blood pressure of 190/90 with strong compression in the chest and the inability to rotate the body due to pain. After three sessions in the above modes, compression in the chest ceased. At the end of the course, the pressure decreased to 150/90 and returned to normal after 3 months. Efficiency returned. Repeated sessions were not required.

In the period between courses, the positive effect of hyperbaric hypoxia lasts from 1 year to 5 years, depending on the severity of the disease and the individual adaptive capabilities of the patient's body.

Intermittent hyperbaric hypoxia is used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, as well as for the rehabilitation of the body after an illness, improving the quality of health and reducing (decreasing) the biological age. The proposed method of hyperbaric hypoxia is also shown to a wide range of relatively healthy people to increase physical and intellectual performance, and also provides increased body resistance to poisons of mineral and organic origin, to the toxic effect of pharmacological preparations.

The method is universal, can be used in the treatment of any pathology developing in the foyer of generalized or organ sclerosis of vessels, for example, such as hypertension of any stage, state after stroke, heart attack, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases of the extremities.

Thus, the method of hyperbaric hypoxia and the hyperbaric chamber for its implementation are intended for the prevention and treatment of patients in a wide range of indications: for chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, including coronary heart disease, post-infarction cardiosclerosis, stage 1-2A hypertension, diabetes mellitus, including non-healing wounds in the presence of diabetes mellitus, trophic ulcers arising from peripheral circulatory disorders, radiation injuries, and long-term syndrome ulceration, wound infection, poisoning, toxic blood damage, burns, lowering cholesterol, liver and kidney failure, gastric ulcer, pathology of the spinal cord and brain, chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, tracheitis, pleurisy), bronchial asthma, pathologically ongoing pregnancy neurocirculatory asthenia, chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, hypoplastic and iron deficiency anemia, disorders of carbohydrate, fat protein metabolism, asthenic states and neuroses, and to improve operability and resistance to extreme environmental factors including a side effect of pharmacological agents, in training athletes and others.

The proposed single-chamber hyperbaric chamber for conducting therapeutic sessions is characterized by simplicity, increased comfort for the patient, and is distinguished by a large frontal porthole, which contributes to a faster adaptation of the patient to confined space conditions. Optimum weight and size characteristics create favorable conditions for staff during the sanitary treatment of the pressure chamber and its movement. The mobility and portability of the pressure chamber allows it to be transported to vehicles in remote areas for emergency assistance. Safe operation is ensured by the absence of flammable and toxic materials. The pressure chamber can be equipped with a session monitoring system. The proposed method of hyperbaric hypoxia is simple, economical, efficient, effective, does not require significant time for operator training, is easily tolerated by patients and safe.

The pressure chamber is compact, easy to manufacture and maintain, meets the electrical safety standards of medical equipment and can be used in physiotherapy rooms, medical institutions, in camp conditions, as well as for scientific research on the creation of new treatment methods. The most effective use of the proposed method and pressure chamber for the prevention and treatment of vascular, neurological diseases.

Claims (11)

1. The method of hyperbaric hypoxia, including periodic sessions in a hyperbaric chamber of low pressure with a gradual increase in "height", characterized in that they spend 15-20 sessions of 20-40 minutes of hyperbaric hypoxia, and a gradual increase in "height" is carried out in each session in stages until reaching at the last stage of the maximum "height" of not more than 2000 m with a "rise" time of 25-30 s, a "descent" time of 30-35 s and multiple short exposure times at the corresponding "heights" and at atmospheric pressure in each stage of the session. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each session the increase in "height" is carried out in three stages, starting up to 1000 m in the first stage, adding 500 m to reach the "height" of 1500 m in the second stage and the "maximum height "2000 m in the third stage. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each session in the first and second stages alternate lowering and increasing pressure in an amount of six to seven cycles, and in the third stage from ten to twenty cycles. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in each stage of the session, short exposure times at "height" are respectively from 5 to 7 seconds, and exposure at atmospheric pressure after "descent" is from 3 to 5 seconds. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sessions in the pressure chamber are carried out daily or every other day once a year. 6. Medical hypobaric pressure chamber, including a salon, sealed with the ability to monitor the patient’s condition through a window, means for adjusting environmental parameters, a vacuum pump, a suction side connected to the cabin, and air supply means, characterized in that in the vacuum pump glycerin is used as a working oil. 7. The pressure chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that a container-trap of glycerol vapor from the evacuation vacuum pump is introduced, the container-trap connected by an air duct to the air outlet fitting of the evacuation vacuum pump. 8. The pressure chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that the usable volume of the cabin does not exceed 0.7 m ³ . 9. The pressure chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that it is made in the form of a cabin with wheel supports and a door. 10. The pressure chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that it is single-seated with the possibility of a session of hyperbaric hypoxia sitting, reclining. 11. The pressure chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that the porthole is made on the front side of the cabin with an extended view.

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