RU2131993C1 - Damless river-channel hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: river-water-to-electric energy conversion. SUBSTANCE: water stream is bifurcated by means of vertical guide wall whose height is slightly greater than maximum flood level of river. Guide wall is built at certain angle of, say, 30-35 deg. to water flow to form converging channel turning into canal through which water runs to hydropower unit. At point where stream bifurcation begins, guide wall is provided with hinged turning door which is free to set at different angles to water flow for separating waster stream into larger and smaller ones conveyed to power unit. The latter is installed so that hydraulic turbine axis is horizontal and perpendicular to water stream. It is fixed in position either on metal pontoon or on two opposing concrete baseplates forming open rectangular duct of water canal. Pontoon is free to move vertically up and down in this duct depending on water level of river. EFFECT: provision for optimal operating conditions of hydropower unit at all water levels of river. 3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy, in particular to hydropower and can be used in the construction of hydroelectric power plants (HPS) without lifting water in the river by dams, as well as without any damage to shipping and fish farming.

 Known energy devices that convert the kinetic energy of the river flow into electrical energy. For example, "Hydroelectric Power Station of V.V. Soloviev", according to the description of the invention to the USSR copyright certificate N 1652640, cl. F 03 B 13/08, published in BI N 20, 05/30/91. [1]. The essence of this invention is as follows.

 The hydroelectric power station contains a water intake channel installed in a stream along the shore, made in the form of a box open on top. The cross section of the duct decreases downstream. At least two direct-flow working chambers with hydraulic units are connected to the duct. The input sections of the working chambers are made in the form of trays with sloping upper walls.

 This invention can be taken as a close analogue of the invention.

However, this analogue has several disadvantages, namely:
- possibly falling into pipelines for supplying water to large objects and the formation of congestion and accidents in hydraulic units;
- there is no regulation of the flow rate of the supplied water flow.

 The aim of the invention “Channel damless hydroelectric power station” is to eliminate the disadvantages of the analogue, as well as the creation of a new hydroelectric station, which has a number of significant advantages over dam hydroelectric power stations.

These advantages over dam hydroelectric power plants are as follows:
- excludes flooding of significant territories of fertile floodplain meadows, as well as forests;
- there is no need to transfer communications, housing, industrial enterprises, etc .; from the places of flooding under the reservoir;
- there are no obstacles to free shipping and fisheries;
- the climatic conditions of the area do not change;
- with the use of a cascade of riverbed damless hydroelectric power plants combined into a common energy system, as well as with other environmentally friendly electricity production, there is the possibility of ecological improvement of the area by reducing the generation of electricity in thermal power plants;
- the construction and use of channel damless hydroelectric power stations is possible on any rivers: with low, medium and high water flow; in the absence of economic and hydrological contraindications on some rivers, the use of the entire volume of the watercourse is possible.

 The disadvantage of a channel damless hydroelectric power station is its insignificant capacity compared to dam hydroelectric power stations. However, the use of a cascade of riverbed damless hydroelectric power plants, combined into a single energy system, eliminates this drawback.

 The essence of the invention “Channel damless hydroelectric power station” is as follows. This hydroelectric power station is a hydraulic structure in the riverbed, located on one of the banks or between the shore and the island.

In this case, the river upstream of the hydroelectric station is divided into two streams by a vertical separator wall with a height slightly higher than the maximum water level in the river in high water. The wall separator is constructed at a certain angle, for example, 30-35 ^o , to the direction of flow, and forms a tapering channel, passing into the channel (duct), and in the channel the flow velocity increases significantly, therefore, the kinetic energy of the flow also increases, and for the hydraulic the wheel goes into a reinforced concrete channel through which water rushes to the hydraulic unit.

 The wall-separator at the very beginning of the separation of the river flow has a hinged-leaf, which can be installed at different angles to the direction of the river flow to separate more or less water flow to the hydraulic unit and thereby regulate (optimize) the power of the hydroelectric power station during periods of maximum and minimum river levels at different times of the year.

 The hydropower unit is installed by positioning the axis of the turbine in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of the flow of water with the hydroturbine optimally immersed in the water, while the hydropower unit is mounted motionlessly either on a metal pontoon or on two opposite concrete bases forming an open rectangular duct duct for water. If the off-season water levels in the river are not large, then the option of installing a hydropower unit on two concrete bases is quite acceptable, which will not entail significant fluctuations in the power of the hydroelectric power station.

 If the inter-season water levels in the river are significant, it is more acceptable to install a hydropower unit on a pontoon placed in a concrete chamber created at the base of the hydroelectric power station, and the pontoon has the ability to move up and down vertically in this chamber simultaneously with raising or lowering the water level in the river and thereby ensure the optimal power of the hydroelectric power station.

 In this case, between the two supports of the hydropower unit, a peculiar rectangular channel is formed on the pontoon, and on two opposite walls of the concrete chamber, corresponding to the direction of the river flow, rectangular openings are also formed in the form of a rectangular shape, equal in width to the original channel on the pontoon.

 And, finally, between the two inner opposite walls of the concrete chamber and the two corresponding outer opposite walls of the pontoon, which form a kind of tray, the water ducts are installed, for example, pneumatic shock absorbers-seals, which can prevent unproductive flow of water through the slots in the channel, and also prevent accumulation sand and silt in a concrete chamber.

 On large rivers with a large flow of water, it is possible to separate a sufficiently large flow of water and direct it along several channels, respectively, with the same number of hydropower units, so as not to install any one unit, even if it is of very high power (Fig.6).

 The list of figures in the drawings.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a plan of a river-bed damless hydroelectric power station — a variant of the selection of a part of the watercourse volume from one of the river banks.

 In FIG. Figure 2 shows a plan of a river-bed damless hydroelectric power station — an option for using a river channel between an island and one of its shores.

 In FIG. 3 is a plan view of a channel damless hydroelectric power station with a barrage device during ice drift.

 In FIG. 4 depicts a panorama of a channelless damless hydroelectric power station and a navigable fairway of a river.

 In FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a hydropower installation on a pontoon (view A in FIG. 1 rotated 90), as well as a plan view.

 In FIG. 6 shows a variant of a multi-flow channel with hydropower units in plan.

 The proposed channel dam-free hydroelectric power station consists of the following units, components and structures.

A concrete wall 1 is constructed on the river bank, for example, on the left, and a second concrete divider wall 2 is constructed in the channel at a certain distance from wall 1 and directed at a certain angle to the direction of flow, for example, 30-35 ^o (Fig. 1).

 The second wall can be built on the island (figure 2).

 The height of walls 1 and 2 should be slightly higher than the maximum seasonal level of water in the river.

 In this way, a tapering channel is constructed, and in the narrowest place on a concrete base 3, made in the form of a tray with a rectangular base, formed by two concrete racks for mounting an electric generator 4 through them, through an elastic coupling 5 with a blade hydraulic turbine 6, the shaft of which has a support for its second the end of the bearing 7 (figure 1).

 A variant of the construction of the proposed hydroelectric station using island 8 is shown in figure 2.

 The concrete wall-separator 2 in the part farthest from the hydropower unit in the riverbed has a hinge-swivel valve 9 that rotates around the vertical axis and can be installed at different angles to the direction of the river flow to separate more or less water from the general river flow and direct it to hydraulic unit and thereby regulate (optimize) the power of the hydroelectric power station during periods of maximum and minimum river levels at different times of the year.

To prevent ice congestion in the narrowing channel and in the channel during ice drift, the proposed hydroelectric station has a safety fence made of concrete piles 10 (Fig. 3), driven to the bottom of the river and spaced from each other at a distance of, for example, 2.5 - 3 meters a line starting from the end of the rotary metal leaf 9 and directed at an angle of 150 - 155 ^o to the coastal concrete wall.

 During ice drift, the water level in the river, as a rule, is close to the maximum seasonal one, and therefore, the shutter 9 can be turned as far as possible towards the shore adjacent to the hydroelectric power station and used as an additional wall enclosing the ice.

 The hydropower unit of a hydroelectric power station can be installed on a pontoon 11 (Fig. 5), which is afloat in a concrete chamber 12 formed at the base of the hydroelectric power station and has the ability to move up and down in this chamber at the same time as the water level in the river rises or falls.

 Between the two inner opposite walls of the concrete chamber and the two corresponding outer opposite walls of the pontoon located in the direction of the water flow, for example, pneumatic shock absorbers-seals 13 are installed (Fig. 5).

 The proposed channel damless hydroelectric station works as follows.

 Wall 1 and wall-separator 2 form a tapering channel, along which the entire mass of water bounded by these two walls, in the widest place under the pressure of the river’s flow according to Bernoulli’s law, tends to pass through the tapering channel, it accelerates and the kinetic energy of the water flow increases significantly in a hydroturbine is of the greatest importance.

 To create an optimal mode of operation of the hydropower unit, the mass of water passing through the narrowing channel is regulated by setting the valves 9 at different angles to the direction of the river flow to separate the optimal amount of water into the narrowing channel of the hydroelectric station from the river stream.

 Thus, the proposed hydroelectric power station can ensure the optimal mode of operation of the hydropower unit at various seasonal water levels in the river and stably provide consumers with electricity.

Literature
1. Hydroelectric power station VV Soloviev, a description of the invention to a. with. USSR N 1652640, class F 03 B 13/08, published in BI N 20, 05/30/91.

Claims (3)

1. A channel damless hydroelectric power station containing a water intake channel installed in a stream along the river bank, made in the form of an open top box with a decreasing cross section in the form of a concrete coastal wall and a second wall in the stream, a hydropower installation in the channel in the form of a blade hydraulic turbine located on a horizontal axis, a coupling and an electric generator, characterized in that it contains a second concrete wall-separator in the stream (or on the island), located at an angle , for example, 30 - 35 ^o to the direction of flow, rotatable around the vertical axis, an additional, for example, a metal leaf for regulating the flow of water in the channel, articulated at the end of the second concrete wall-separator, stationary hydropower unit with the axis of the turbine located in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of the flow of water with a water turbine optimally immersed in water, while the hydropower unit is stationary, for example, on two opposite on the bases forming an open rectangular water tray, or on a pontoon that can vertically move up and down in a concrete chamber created at the base of a hydroelectric power station, and a safety fence to prevent the occurrence of ice congestion in the duct during ice drift, made, for example, of concrete piles slaughtered at the river bottom and spaced at a distance, e.g., 2.5 - 3.0 m at a line starting from the end of the rotary metal flaps and directed at an angle of 150 - 155 ^o to coastal etonirovannoy wall.  2. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake channel in the narrowed culvert contains several water ducts with an appropriate number of hydropower units.  3. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, pneumatic shock absorbers are installed between the opposite inner walls of the concrete chamber created at the base of the hydroelectric power station and the two corresponding opposite opposite walls of the pontoon located in the direction of the water flow and forming a kind of water tray -sealers.

Images