RU2125662C1 - Gas-turbine method for electric power generation and gas-turbine power plant implementing it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: atmospheric air is fed to mixing chamber by means of compressor wherein energy carrier is also supplied; mixture obtained is passed through turbine coupled with generator. Temperature of air supplied to compressor input is between minus 10 and minus 70 C; water is introduced in mixing chamber by means of sprayer in the form of finely dispersed aerosol with droplet size not over 0.2 mm. Power plant is provided with water supply and sealing systems, and/or with heat insulation system. EFFECT: provision for preventing pollution of environment; improved economic efficiency of power generation. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to systems for generating electricity, can be used as a backup source of energy.

 A gas-turbine method of generating electricity is known: (see Polytechnical Dictionary, Sovetskaya Encyclopedia Publishing House, M. 1976, p. 101). The known method consists in the fact that air from the atmosphere is supplied by a compressor to a combustion chamber, where natural gas is introduced as an energy carrier, the resulting mixture of combustion products is passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator.

 The disadvantage of this method is the large emission of combustion products into the atmosphere.

 There is a known gas-turbine method of converting heat into electricity, in which air from the atmosphere is supplied to the interaction chamber (combustion) by means of a compressor, an energy carrier (natural gas or liquid fuel) is introduced there, the resulting mixture of burnt gases and air is passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator, and then the spent mixture is thrown into the atmosphere (see Heat Engineering, Textbook for High Schools, M. Energoizdat, 1982, p. 197, prototype).

 The disadvantage of the prototype is the pollution of the atmosphere with exhaust gases.

 This invention eliminates the disadvantages of the analogue and prototype by replacing oil, gas or coal with water.

 The technical result of the invention is the elimination of air pollution and high efficiency.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a gas-turbine method of generating electricity, in which air from the atmosphere is supplied by a compressor to the interaction chamber, an energy carrier is introduced there, and the resulting mixture of interaction products is passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator, air with temperature is supplied to the compressor inlet in the range from -10 ^o C to -70 ^o C, and water is introduced into the interaction chamber in the form of a fine aerosol with a droplet size of not more than 0.2 mm.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that the sprayed water from natural reservoirs (which in the depths of the reservoirs, even in the most severe frosts, has a temperature not lower than +4 ^o C) in the form of a finely dispersed aerosol passes from a liquid state to ice (snow). Sprayed water, freezing, releases the heat of the water-ice phase transition and heats the air from an external temperature (-10 ^o C - 70 ^o C) to zero degrees. The air, which initially had a lower temperature, expands, the turbine does the work by rotating the generator. A harmless mixture of air, snow and icy dust forms as emissions.

 The use of water aerosols larger than 0.2 mm is problematic because water does not have time to make a phase transition, which will lead to icing of both the interaction chamber and the turbine.

 This invention will find wide application in a number of regions of Russia, not only as a backup source of electricity, but also as the main one, because Russia is one of the coldest countries in the world. Figure 1 as an illustration shows a map of the temperature distribution in various regions of Russia (see Industrial heat power engineering and heat engineering, Handbook, M., Energoizdat, 1983, p. 315).

 Gas turbine power plants are also widely known from the same sources of information. The analogue and prototype have the same structural diagrams. They contain a compressor with a drive, a turbine with an electric generator, an interaction chamber of the energy carrier with air, inlet and outlet ducts made in the form of pipes. At the same time, both the analogue and the prototype have common drawbacks: in winter, especially during severe frosts, when energy consumption increases, expensive fuel consumption increases, and air pollution by exhaust gases increases.

 The invention eliminates these disadvantages.

 The technical result of the invention is the complete elimination of air pollution and increased efficiency in the production of electricity.

 A universal small-sized gas-turbine power plant has been developed, which can be used as a backup for winter conditions, as stationary in cold regions, as underwater, ground, underground and mobile.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that a gas turbine power plant containing a compressor with a drive, a turbine with an electric generator, an energy carrier-air interaction chamber, inlet and outlet ducts made in the form of pipes, a device for spraying water into a fine aerosol is located in the interaction chamber, this device is equipped with a system water supply.

 When performing a submersible type power plant located either at the bottom of the river or underground, it is equipped with a sealing and thermal insulation system.

 The invention is illustrated in FIG. 2.

 In FIG. 2 shows a section of a gas turbine power plant in the case of stationary use at the bottom of the river.

 An interaction chamber in the form of a pipe 1 is located at the bottom of the river under its ice cover. A compressor 2 with a drive 3 and a turbine 4 are placed inside the pipe, to which an electric generator 5 is connected. A pipe 7 is connected to the inlet flange of the pipe 6 for air intake from the atmosphere, and to the outlet an exhaust pipe 9 is attached to the flange 8. Between the compressor and the turbine are nozzles 10 equipped with a device for spraying water into a fine aerosol.

The device operates as follows. After the drive 3 is turned on, the compressor 2 draws in the outside cold air through line 7 (at temperatures from -10 ^o C to -70 ^o C). At the same time, water dust is injected into the interaction chamber 1 through nozzles 10, which cools and freezes during the time that the mixture of water and air passes through the interaction chamber 1, giving off heat to the cold air. As a result, the air temperature in the interaction chamber 1 rises to zero degrees. When heated, the air expands isobarically and, passing the turbine 4, performs useful work and is thrown out through the exhaust pipe 9.

About 95% of the heat is released during the transition of water to ice, this transition occurs at a temperature of 0 ^o C. Above this value, the temperature in the chamber practically does not rise.

We present the data of a gas turbine unit with a capacity of 100 kW for the Yakutsk region for the case when the temperature is -50 ^o C, compression ratio 1.4, useful work A = 2.5 kJ / (kg • sec). To create a power plant with a capacity of 100 kW, the cold air flow rate will be 40 kg / s, which is approximately 25 cubic meters, the water flow rate is 3 kg / s.

 The design of the installation has the following parameters. The interaction chamber 1 has a diameter of 2 m and a length of 3 m. The indicated air flow is carried out at a speed of 15 m / s, so the passage time of the chamber is 0.2 s. If the diameter of the droplets is 0.1 mm, then their freezing time is less than 0.1 s. To avoid losses on the drives to the compressor and turbine, it is advisable to place them on one common axis.

 When performing a sealing system and / or thermal insulation, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of glaciation.

The main condition for the absence of glaciation is that the temperature of the walls of the chamber should be 3-4 ^o C. If the installation is placed in water, then this condition is satisfied automatically. These problems generally relate to the field of optimal setup of the installation and are always solved during the operation of the prototype.

Claims (3)

1. A gas-turbine method of generating electricity, in which air from the atmosphere is supplied to the interaction chamber using a compressor, an energy carrier is introduced there, and the resulting mixture of interaction products is passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator, characterized in that air with a temperature of -10 to -70 ^o C, and water is introduced into the interaction chamber in the form of a fine aerosol with a droplet size of not more than 0.2 mm.  2. A gas turbine power plant containing a compressor with a drive, a turbine with an electric generator, an energy carrier-air interaction chamber, inlet and outlet ducts made in the form of pipes, characterized in that a device for spraying water into a fine aerosol equipped with a water supply system is located in the interaction chamber .  3. The power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a sealing system and / or thermal insulation.

Images