RU212431U1 - wooden beam - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to the field of construction, namely, load-bearing glued wooden or plywood-wood beams and I-beams, rectangular or square sections, which can be used as a formwork support beam for concreting monolithic floors, walls, columns or as the main permanent load-bearing element in a building, structure, or other building structure. The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the strength of the beam wall. The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the wooden beam consists of a wall connected to two shelves, while the wall contains layers formed by gluing strips of a given size, cut from wood-containing building material, and the layers are glued so that the strips of one layer are located with offset relative to the stripes of another layer.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of construction, namely, load-bearing glued wooden or plywood-wood beams and I-beams, rectangular or square sections, which can be used as a formwork support beam for concreting monolithic floors, walls, columns or as the main permanent load-bearing element in a building, structure, or other building structure.

There are many designs of an I-beam wooden beam.

A wooden I-beam is known, containing two shelves and a wall connecting them, while the shelves are made with at least one longitudinal groove for adhesive bonding with a wall having a spike in response to the specified groove, while the wall has two outer linings and at least , one metal core, passing at least part of its length and going into the tenon of the wall [utility model patent RU 82242, IPC E04C 3/12, publ. 04/20/1999].

Known beam formwork I-section containing shelves and a rack, and the shelves are made of timber and provided with longitudinal grooves of rectangular cross section to accommodate the rack, made of sheet, connected to the shelves in the "thorn" [patent for utility model RU 19072, IPC E04G 11/50 , publ. 02.02.2001].

A wooden I-beam glued beam is known, containing two shelves and a wall connecting them, in which, in order to improve the physical, mechanical and cost characteristics, the beam shelves are made in the form of a set of boards from spruce wood processing waste that does not contain knot formations, the wall is made from a set of parallel each other of standard birch plywood sheets, along the shelves, along their entire length, two parallel grooves are machined into which spikes parallel to each other are inserted, which are the end of the assembly from plywood sheets that make up the wall, while assembling the boards into shelves, gluing plywood sheets into the wall and the filling of the grooves is realized with glue based on formaldehyde resin, and all exposed surfaces of the beam are protected from external influences by a phenolic film coating [application for invention RU 2005141814, IPC E04C 3/12, publ. 07/10/2007].

The disadvantages of the known walls is their low strength.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the strength of the beam wall.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the wooden beam consists of a wall connected to two shelves, while the wall contains layers formed by gluing strips of a given size, cut from wood-containing building material, and the layers are glued so that the strips of one layer are located with offset relative to the stripes of another layer.

Possible options for the development of the main technical solution:

spikes are formed on the sides of the glued layers of the strips, designed to be connected to the flange of the wooden beam;

a sheet of plywood was used as a wood-containing building material;

lumber was used as a wood-containing building material.

Thus, the claimed utility model makes it possible to significantly increase the strength of the beam wall due to the gluing of layers of strips with an offset. When assembled into a beam, the wall is installed and works vertically, i.e. as a stand, given that plywood or lumber has a limited length (size), for example, the maximum size of plywood on the long side is 3050 mm, the most common size is 1525 and 2440 mm, which does not allow assembling a beam wall with a length of more than 3000 mm from solid material without organization of various joints, which inevitably lead to a loss of reliability, durability and load-bearing capacity. In such a situation, docking is organized in various ways, for example, through a tenon, a key or a step. After such an assembly, the docking point is the weakest point in the beam with a high probability of breaking when operating at extreme and extreme loads. Given that the loading can be not only constant, but also dynamic, and also have a large number of cycles of such loading, such as a formwork beam, over time, the place of such a joint will be weakened and in the future may lead to beam failure and an emergency. It is plywood, as a method of connection, with an offset (i.e., in a run) that makes it possible not to have through and unreliable joints, and in itself makes the beam wall massive-monolithic, which, in terms of bearing capacity, reliability and durability, corresponds to the parameters of a wall assembled from whole material along the entire length.

In FIG. 1 shows a wall consisting of two layers.

In FIG. 2 shows a wall consisting of four layers.

In FIG. 3 shows an I-beam.

The wall 1 for a wooden beam contains layers (at least two) formed by gluing strips 2 of a given size, cut from at least one wood-containing building material.

The layers are glued so that the stripes 2 of one layer are offset relative to the stripes 2 of the other layer.

At the same time, spikes 3 are formed on the sides of the glued layers of the strips 2, intended for connection with the shelves 4 of the wooden beam.

The wall works vertically, so the number of layers is determined only by the required wall thickness 1 when using different materials. For example, a 26 mm thick wall can be assembled using 4 + 18 + 4 mm plywood, or 8 + 18 mm plywood, and a 28 mm thick wall can be assembled using 4 mm plywood + 20 mm lumber + 4 mm plywood. At the same time, for uniform assembly, plywood forms the outer layers, and lumber forms the inner.

The height of the beam profile is usually 160 mm and 200 mm, but it is possible to use beams of any height.

As a wood-containing building material, plywood, chipboard, LVL or lumber can be used. Lumber is understood to mean wood products obtained by sawing round timber, as well as longitudinal and transverse division of the resulting parts, as well as wood products of established dimensions and quality, having at least two plane-parallel layers. As an option - a dry and planed board of various lengths and sections.

Further, on a format machine or other saws, a wood-containing building material is divided into strips 2 of a given size.

The size of the strips 2 is usually from 100 to 200 mm, while depending on the required height of the beam and the cross section of the wooden shelves, the size of the strips can be either smaller or larger, for example, 75, 80, 90, 220, 240 mm.

Then an adhesive layer is applied to at least one obtained strip 2 (not shown in the figure) on at least one of its sides and the resulting strips 2 are glued together to form at least two layers so that the strips 2 of one layer are located with an offset relative to another layer. Bonding is a mandatory way of joining 2 strips into layers.

Strips 2 are folded into a layer to a predetermined length (usually 3.3 meters, but not limited to this value).

The value of the offset does not matter much, but for greater reliability, at least 250 mm relative to another layer. To a large extent, the range of displacements depends on the standard dimensions of the materials used. For example, plywood is traditionally square 1525 × 1525 mm, when dividing the sheet, we obtain strips of the required width 1525 mm long, that is, 1525/2 = 762.5 mm, the displacement value when re-gluing (assembling) into an array in a run-up, when assembling a beam wall 3000 mm long .

On the sides of the wall 1, spikes 3 are formed for connection with the shelves 4 and the shelves 4 are connected to the wall 1 to form a wooden beam. The number of spikes 3 and the corresponding grooves 5 in the shelves 4 can be chosen any, for example, from one to 4, depending on the width of the wall and the size of the spike connection.

At the final stage, the beam is coated with paint or impregnation to give it a marketable appearance and protection from adverse factors.

Claims (4)

1. Wooden beam, consisting of a wall connected to two shelves, while the wall contains layers formed by gluing strips of a given size, cut from a wood-containing building material, and the layers are glued so that the strips of one layer are offset relative to the strips of another layer. 2. Wooden beam according to claim 1, characterized in that spikes are formed on the sides of the glued layers of the strips, designed to be connected to the shelf of the wooden beam. 3. A wooden beam according to claim 1, characterized in that a sheet of plywood is used as a wood-containing building material. 4. Wooden beam according to claim 1, characterized in that lumber is used as a wood-containing building material.

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