RU2122789C1 - Pheromone preparative form for control over codling moth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, pheromone preparations. SUBSTANCE: preparative form of pheromone is a cut made of polymeric material and having a core made of thin nontwisted polymeric fiber threads. Sexual pheromone of codling moth is 8E,10E- -dodecadiene-1-ol that is adsorbed on fibers in the amount 0.01-1 mg for monitoring carrying out and at amount 10-20 mg for disorientation. Invention is used for control over population of insect-pests by their trapping and disorientation. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of preparation, simplified preparing. 3 cl, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to environmentally friendly preparations for agriculture, specifically to the development of an effective form of pheromones used to control (reduce) the number of insect pests of crops by trapping and disorienting them.

The main purpose of the formulation is to provide continuous (prolonged) release of the active substance in the required effective concentration. In the case of a pheromone preparation, the effective concentrations are nanogram amounts, ie, 10 ^-9 -10 ^-12 µg / ml of air [1]. The problem of creating preparative forms is given great attention [2-5].

 Known formulations of natural rubber and various rubbers [6-9]. However, they are effective only with relatively large doses of pheromone (1-2.5 mg / dispenser), since up to 90% of the introduced pheromone is not isolated from such formulations.

 Polymeric formulations are also known [10], usually in the form of capillaries (inner diameter, 0.05-10 mm, wall thickness 0.05-4 mm, length 2-500 mm) made of polyethylene [11-13], polypropylene [14 ] and other polymers [15] or inorganic materials (glass, marble, metal) [16] filled with pheromone and sealed at one or both ends. The disadvantage of capillaries from inorganic materials is the low efficiency per unit of pheromone contained in them, which requires a significantly unproductive high consumption of pheromone.

 When using capillaries from polymeric materials, problems arise in regulating the release of pheromone; depending on the type of polymer, pheromone evaporation through the walls of the capillaries can occur either too quickly or very slowly, which does not provide the required concentration of pheromone in the surrounding air for a long time (several months).

 The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution, providing prolonged release of pheromone into the environment, are three-layer and multilayer [17] plates of polymer materials, between which is placed a composition containing pheromone. These formulations allow you to more effectively control the rate of release of pheromone by selecting the polymer material, the thickness of the coating plates and the composition in which the pheromone is introduced and which is placed between the plates. The disadvantage of these formulations is the relatively large (along the edges of the sandwich) surface of unregulated release of pheromone. In addition, a special technique is required to make these formulations.

 The proposed technical solution allows you to create a new formulation for pheromones with increased efficiency and ease of manufacture.

 The task can be achieved if a polymer filamentous material with an active substance (pheromone) applied to it is placed inside a shell of a suitable polymer, through which slow diffusion of pheromone desorbed from the filamentous material can occur. As the active substance, the genome pheromone of the apple codling moth (Laspeyvesia pomonella), a fruit tree pest with a chemical structure, 8E, 10E-dodecadiene-1-ol, was used. As a result, a new preparative form was found, which was segments of a cylindrical shape with a shell of a polymeric material (polyvinyl chloride), with a wall thickness of 0.1-0.7 mm, a length of 5-100 mm), and a core in the form of untwisted thin synthetic polymer threads (lavsan), polyamide fibers with a diameter of 0.0001-0.1 mm) with a pheromone applied to them. It turned out that these requirements are fully satisfied by the clothes rope manufactured by the Ufimkabel plant (Ufa) with a diameter of ≈3 mm (TU 16-739.007-79). For monitoring purposes (estimating the size of the insect population by attracting males in glue traps with sex pheromone and correlating the number of captured males with the number of insect pests in the orchard), pieces of the above clipping are used, 10 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, wall thickness 0 5 mm, inside which are packed filaments of lavsan 0.01 mm thick with application in a certain amount of pheromone by impregnation with a solution of pheromone in a low boiling inert solvent (for example, n-hexane), followed by arbitrary evaporation of the solvent. Pheromone segments should be sealed at both ends by heating.

 The new mold with the pheromone of the apple moth was given the name "Pomonella."

 Field trials of monitoring preparations were carried out using standard Atracon A pheromone traps with Pestificix glue. Traps with pheromone preparation (in five replicates) were hung in the garden on apple trees at a distance of 25-30 m from each other and from the edge of the garden. As a standard, rubber dispensers with a content of 0.8 mg of pheromone were taken. In addition, to compare the butterfly catching efficiency, three-layer laminated plates made of polyvinylchloride (preform A) (pheromone was applied to the middle layer) and hollow sections of polyethylene (preform B) and polyvinyl chloride (preform B) with a diameter of 3 mm and a wall thickness of 0 were made and tested , 5 mm (pheromone was placed inside segments sealed at one end).

 Bio tests of preforms A, B, C and a new preform (Pomonella preparation) were conducted by the All-Union Institute for Plant Protection (BIZR, Leningrad - Pushkin), in the Crimean region (1985, 1989, 1991) and the Krasnodar Territory (1993 g.). The test results are shown in table 1.

 As can be seen from table 1, the closest analogue to the proposed preform is the three-layer PVC plates (preform A), which is significantly inferior to the standard (rubber dispenser). The preforms B and C (capillaries made of polyethylene and PVC) are also noticeably inferior to the standard in the number of butterflies caught.

 On the other hand, the proposed preform (preparation "Pomonella") at dosages of pheromone 0.1-1.0 mg significantly exceeds both its analog and standard in its activity. It should be noted that the new pheromone preparation "Pomonella" exceeds the standard at dosages of the active substance 4-8 times lower compared to the content of pheromone in the standard.

The preparation "Pomonella" was also highly effective for disorientation of male codling moths. The effect of disorientation is manifested in the fact that in areas with a pheromone preparation, such a concentration of pheromone is created that males cannot find a point source of pheromone (a female or a trap with a dispenser). As a result, with 100% disorientation in traps in the experimental plot, no captured butterflies are found. In the experiments on disorientation, the above segments were used with a length of 50 mm, each of which contained 20 mg of pheromone. Assessment of biological activity was carried out on the plots of the garden with an area of 350 m ² . Samples of the Pomonella preparation were hung on the branches of apple trees. A standard pheromone trap with a rubber CP-K dispenser was hung in the center of each plot. Sites (plots) where the standard formulation was used — rubber hoses containing 20 mg of pheromone each served as a reference. The experiment was carried out in two replicates, the dose at the experimental site was 350 mg of pheromone (in terms of hectare - 10 g). The effect of disorientation was determined by the difference in the capture of males in standard pheromone traps in the experimental and control (where the drug was not hung out) areas, expressed as a percentage.

 The results of tests carried out in 1991 by VIZR employees in the Crimean region (Simferopol district, Rodina state farm) showed that the proposed Pomonella preparation is significantly more effective than the standard: while under experimental conditions, the effect of disorientation with using the reference preparation was 80%, while using the Pomonella preparation, the disorientation effect reached 94.4%.

 The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1. Dissolve 100 mg of 8,10-dodecadiene-1-ol (genome pheromone of the codling moth) in 100 mg of freshly distilled n-hexane (pheromone concentration of 1 mg / l). The clothesline manufactured by the Ufimkabel factory (TU 16-739-007-79) is cut into pieces 10 mm long and each is soldered with a soldering iron from one end. Inside the segment, 1 ml of the prepared pheromone solution is injected with a syringe. After exposure to air until the solvent has completely evaporated (control - by the disappearance of the smell of hexane or until the weight of the preparation is constant), each segment is sealed from the other end and a Pomonella preparation containing 1 mg of pheromone is obtained.

 Examples 2-5. To obtain the Pomonella preparation with a different pheromone content, 1 ml of the solution obtained by appropriate dilution of 1 ml of the pheromone solution prepared according to Example 1 with the corresponding amount of freshly distilled n-hexane is injected into each segment with a syringe (see Table 2).

 Example 6. Dissolve 2 g of pheromone in 100 ml of freshly distilled n-hexane (pheromone concentration of 20 mg / ml). The clothesline manufactured by the Ufimkabel factory (TU 16-739.007-79) is cut into pieces 50 mm long. Into each of the segments, 1 ml of a pheromone solution is injected with a syringe and then processed as described in Example 1. A Pomonella preparation containing 20 mg of pheromone is obtained, intended to disorient butterflies of the Codling moth.

 Thus, the proposed drug "Pomonella" is a new highly effective drug for monitoring and for disorientation of male garden pests - apple moths significantly superior to known drugs.

Literature
1. M. Barbier. Introduction to chemical ecology. M .: Mir, 1978, p. 114.

 2. N. R. Me Farlane, J.B. Pedley - Pestic, Sci., 1978, 9, N 5, 411-424; RZhKhim., 80393 (1979).

 3. D. Ambrosi - C.r. Reun. Pheromones sex. Lepidopteres, Bordeaux, 1976, Bordeaux, s.a., 213-216; RZhKhim., 150414 (1978).

 4. C. Kojo - J. pest. sci, 1982, 7, N 4, 539-548, RZhKhim., 190279 (1983).

 5. R. M. Wilkins - 10 th Int. Kongr. Plant Prot., 1983, Proc. Cont., Brighton, 1983, v. 2, Croydon, s.a., 554-559; RZhKhim., 80367 (1985).

 6. L.I. Verzunova, Z.I. Chalova, A.I. Terekhova. New chemical plant protection products. M., 1979, 123-129; RZhKhim., 180358 (1979).

 7. E.R. Mitchell, et al. - J. Environ. Sci and Health., 1983, A 18, N 3, 463-470. RZhKhim., 190269 (1983).

 8. M. Golub et al. - J. Chem. Ecol., 1983, 9, N 3, 323-333.

 9. G.F. Vylegzhanina and others. - Chemistry in agriculture. 1984, N 8, 31-33; RKhKhim., 10355 (1985).

 10. J.R. Plimmer - Pestic. Chem: 5 th Int. Congr., Kyoto, 1982; RKhKhim., 40269 (1984).

 12. A. W. Taylor - Insect Pheromone Technol .: Chem. and appl. Symp 182 nd Mect. Amer. Chem. Soc., New. York, 1981, Washington, D.C., 1982, 193-207; RZhKhim., 140337 (1984).

 13. Application 1230504 (Japanese); RZhKhim., 220454 P (1990).

 14. Application 249702 (Japanese.); RZhKhim., 10377 P (1990).

 15. Application 296502 (Japanese); RZhKhim., 230375 P (1991).

 16. O. P. Kosharnaya, N. V. Goncharova - Increased production efficiency of household chemical goods. M., 1987, 78-90; RKhKhim., 100349 (1988).

 17. Application 62-258301 (Japanese); RZhKhim., 10394 P (1989) ..

Claims (3)

 1. The preparative form of the pheromone to combat the apple codling moth, containing a dispenser made of a polymer material with a pest sex pheromone applied to it - 8E, 10E-dodecadiene-1-ol, characterized in that the dispenser is a segment with a diameter of 3 mm, thickness walls of 0.1-0.7 mm, a length of 10-50 mm of a polymeric material with a core of thin untwisted strands of polymer fiber with a thickness of 0.001-0.1 mm with pheromone adsorbed on them in an amount of 0.01-20 mg.  2. The form according to claim 1, characterized in that for monitoring, segments of 10-20 mm length with an amount of pheromone of 0.01-1 mg are used.  3. The form according to claim 1, characterized in that for disorientation, segments of 30-50 mm in length with an amount of pheromone of 10-20 mg are used.

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