RU212173U1 - Device for deratization - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to rodent control devices. The deratization device contains a power adapter 1, a housing 2, a control board with display and control elements 3 built into the housing, ignition coils 4, high-voltage wires 5, 6, master boards 7 with a gas discharger 8, a connection board 9, an electric barrier 10. If necessary, left/right turn boards 12 of the electric barrier are used.

In order to reduce overall dimensions and weight, reduce power consumption, improve protection efficiency, improve reliability and ease of use, the device is made in a plastic case. The display and control elements are located on top of the housing cover. The control board and the ignition coil are located inside the case. High-voltage wires are connected to the high-voltage outputs of the ignition coil, connecting the high-voltage winding of the ignition coil to the master board, to which an electrical barrier is connected through the connection board, which provides rodent protection using high voltage pulses. The device for deratization allows to carry out protection against rodents along any required perimeter, as it has the ability to increase the length and choose the direction of the general electrical barrier by connecting additional barriers through connecting boards, as well as boards for the left and right turns of the barrier.

Description

The utility model relates to household/industrial appliances and is intended for use in the protection of industrial, public; residential premises, buildings, structures, transport, as well as the territories of urban and rural settlements, industrial sites and in natural foci of infectious anthropozoonotic diseases from rodents [1].

Numerous devices for repelling rodents are known, among which the most common are ultrasonic devices that use the effect of an ultrasonic field to protect objects from the harmful effects of rodents. A device for repelling rodents is known, based on the emission of high-frequency sound vibrations by them, which are not audible to humans, but are very sensitively perceived by rodents (mice and rats). Ultrasound affects the psyche of rats and mice, causes them a feeling of anxiety, fear and forces them to leave the territory of their permanent habitat. Under the influence of a repeller, female rodents lose their ability to reproduce (patent RU 2738 970, IPC A01M 29/18, pub. 2020.12.21).

The principal disadvantages of this device and others like it are:

1. limited space effective deterrence;

2. the effect of getting used to the unpleasant effects of the ultrasonic field in the presence of a motivating factor in the form of a constant source of food, for example, a garbage container with food waste.

Electric deratizers are known, the principle of operation of which is based on the supply of electric current to the barriers installed along the perimeter of protected objects. A device for combating rodents is known - an electric exterminator, in which rodent repelling is carried out by exposing the rodent's body to electric current pulses in a single-wire circuit. The exterminator contains a housing made in the form of a packaging device with a platform for rodents, supports made of dielectric material and high-voltage contact electrodes fixed on it in places where rodents inevitably touch, connected to a power supply system, which is equipped with a control unit in the form of a three-electrode timing device, a source of high-voltage pulses, made in the form of a high-voltage transformer, and a pulse generator (patent RU No. 2087098, IPC A01M 29/00, A01M 19/00, publ. 20.08.1997). Known devices with the same principle of operation with design and circuit improvements, as well as with reduced power consumption: patent RU 2 165 698 C2 IPC 7 A01M 29/00. H05C 1/04, publ. 27.04. 2001, patent RU 90 642 U1 IPC H05C 1/04, publ. 01/10/2010. patent RU 2 492 646 C1 IPC A01M 29/24, publ. 20.09.2013 Bull. No. 26, RU 152 373 U1, IPC 01M 29/24, publ. 05/27/2015 Bull. No. 15.

The principal disadvantages of this device and others like it are:

- limited scope - if the ground electrode of a single-wire circuit is connected to an underlying surface with high electrical resistance, such as laminate, linoleum, parquet, wood, etc., then the rodent is not affected by current pulses due to the insulation of the ground electrode. This can be more clearly explained as follows: if a person holds an exposed phase (or linear) wire in his hand, standing on a dielectric rug and / or in dielectric boots, then the circuit for passing current from the power electrode to the ground electrode through the human body is open, then there is no electric shock [2];

- the second significant drawback of devices operating on the principle of a single-wire circuit is as follows: even if the underlying surface to which the ground electrode is connected is conductive, for example, earth, wet earth, wet concrete, wet asphalt, etc., then it is important here take into account the distance between the power and ground electrodes. In this case, the principle of "step voltage" works [3], that is, the farther the electrodes are spatially located from each other, the weaker the effect of electric shock. As a result, the zone of effective protection against rodents is narrowed and a space is formed in it, which the rodent is able to cross, having a strong motivation to the source of food, even despite painful physiological sensations.

A device is known that uses the principle of a combined repellent effect with the help of electrical discharges and with the help of portions of ozone, additionally containing a discharge-accumulating unit connected to the output of a high-voltage transformer, to which high-voltage electrodes are connected through ozone-generating spark gaps with the formation of series pairs of "ozone-generating spark gap - high-voltage electrode" ( patent RU 120334 U1, IPC A01M 29/00, published 2012.09.20). Despite some improvement in the effectiveness of repelling rodents with the help of the additional effect of ozonation, its disadvantages remain the same as mentioned above.

Closest to the claimed utility model is a device - an electric deratizer, made according to a two-wire circuit, containing high-voltage contact electrodes that are connected to a source of high-voltage pulses, consisting of a charging circuit, two power buses, a high-voltage transformer and a pulse generator, including an energy storage capacitor and an electronic key , and powered from the primary current source, characterized in that the primary and secondary windings of the high-voltage transformer are galvanically isolated from each other, high-voltage contact electrodes are connected to both ends of the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer, the electronic key has two electrodes, the pulse generator is powered from the primary current source from half-wave current of both polarities using a charging circuit;

The second version of the electric deratizer is also a design in which one of the ends of the secondary winding of a high-voltage transformer is connected not to high-voltage contact electrodes, but to ground, i.e. connected to a grounding device, however, it should be borne in mind that in this case, the force of electrical impact on a person is approximately the same as that of the prototype (patent RU No. 2087098), the principle of operation of which was indicated above, in working with a single-wire circuit. This version of the electric deratizer is not recommended for use in rooms with conductive floors (patent RU 2 335 126 C1, IPC A01M 19/00, publ. 2008.10.10). Additionally, the device contains an alarm device, which is switched on simultaneously with the electric exterminator. It is intended to alert personnel that the electric exterminator is on. Notification is carried out through visual and (or) acoustic effects on the senses. The disadvantages of this device when implementing it according to the first option are:

1. The impossibility of adjusting the repetition rate of a packet of high-voltage pulses generated by a pulse generator. It remains equal to the voltage frequency of the primary voltage source (50 Hz). Only the number of high-voltage pulses in a packet per one half-cycle of the mains voltage can be adjusted;

2. The need for spatial separation of high-voltage contact electrodes to prevent a short circuit between them, leading to failure of the secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer of the device and the occurrence of a fire hazard;

3. The need for an alarm device that notifies the operating personnel about the prohibition or undesirability of being in the protected area during the operation of the device in order to avoid electric shock, which is extremely inconvenient for organizing normal work in the protected premises.

The disadvantages of this device when implementing it according to the second variant are identical to the above disadvantages in the operation of the prototype device: a limited scope and a decrease in the protection zone with the appearance of weakly protected to unprotected areas from the penetration of rodents.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to expand the scope by using the deratization device both in industrial premises and premises for private use. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for deratization, containing a power adapter, a control board with controls and indications, an ignition coil, high-voltage wires, a master board, a connection board, an electric barrier and a turn board, the portable body of the device is made of ABC plastic, the board control is made of double-sided foil textolite with a protective coating, containing an electronic key, a Zener diode to protect the output of the electronic key, a damping circuit consisting of a snubber capacitor, a ballast resistor and a blocking diode, connected to the output of the electronic key and the lower output of the primary low-voltage winding of the ignition coil, protective diode, self-resetting fuse, power storage capacitor and protective diode, connected < on one side to the power circuit, on the other hand connected to the upper terminal of the primary low-voltage winding of the ignition coil built into the housing, to the terminals of the secondary high voltage high voltage wires connected to the master board, which is connected through a connection board to an electrical barrier, if necessary, the barrier contains a turning board. A power adapter is used to connect the instrument to an external power supply. The control of the device for deratization and, in particular, the formation of a sequence of pulses supplied further to the electric barrier, is carried out by the ATtiny controller of the AVR family according to the program code sewn into it, the program code is protected from unauthorized reading. To form high-voltage pulses, a two-winding ignition coil with primary low-voltage and secondary high-voltage (up to 25 kV), with galvanically isolated windings, was used as a high-voltage transformer. To connect the secondary winding of the ignition coil to the master board, high-voltage connecting wires are used, namely, high-voltage wires for ignition systems with distributed resistance. To limit overvoltage above 25 kV, a gas discharger built into the master board was used. The device uses a two-wire circuit to create a protective electroshock effect on the rodent when overcoming the barrier when it closes the current-carrying busbars of the electrical barrier.

The deratization device (the block diagram is shown in Fig. 1) consists of a power adapter 1, a housing 2, a control board with display and control elements 3 built into the housing, an ignition coil 4, high-voltage wires 5, 6, a master board 7 with a gas discharger 8, connection board 9, electric barrier 10. Left/right turn boards 12 of the electric barrier are used if necessary.

It is possible to increase the length of the electric barrier by connecting assembly 11, consisting of a connection board 9, an electric barrier 10 and a connection board 9. In order to create a protective perimeter, it is possible to turn the electric barrier 10 at a right angle to the left or right by connecting to the assembly 11 of the board of the left / right turn 12.

By combining the assembly 11 and the left/right turn board 13, it is possible to build a planar protective perimeter of the required configuration, as well as to rotate the barrier vertically, which makes it possible to build a three-dimensional protective perimeter.

The device works as follows:

When the power adapter 1 is connected to a household power supply ~ 220 V, 50 Hz, a rectified DC voltage = 15 V appears at the adapter output, which is supplied through the power connector socket 13 to the control board 3. The voltage stabilizer 14 converts the input voltage = 15 V into output 5 V, which is supplied to the power input of the controller 19, starting the execution of the program code "hardwired" into the controller. In accordance with the algorithm, the device performs a self-test and enters the "standby" mode, lighting the display element 22 (green LED), as shown in Fig. 2 (functional diagram of the control board and the ignition coil). With a long press on the on / off button 21, the device enters the "protection" mode, supplying the current-carrying busbars of the electrical barrier 11. high-voltage voltage pulses, the shape of which is shown in Fig.3. In this case, the display element 22 is extinguished and the display element 23 lights up (red LED). When the on/off button 21 is briefly pressed again, the device switches back to standby mode. A pause when the on/off button is pressed serves to protect against accidental short-term pressing and protection against "bounce" of contacts.

In the event of any malfunction, an alarm mode is provided, while the indication element 23 starts flashing with a period of ≈ 1 sec and the supply of high-voltage voltage pulses is blocked.

«гребенку» прямоугольных импульсов (Фиг. 3), с заданной длительностью импульса τ _имп. и периодом повторения импульсов Т _повт., которая поступает на вход электронного ключа 20, соответственно на выходе

электронного ключа 20 формируется последовательность прямоугольных импульсов с амплитудой напряжения питания +15 В. Выход

электронного ключа 20 подключен к катоду супрессора 25, защищающего выход электронного ключа от бросков высокого напряжения при работе в импульсном режиме, верхнему выводу конденсатора 24 и к нижнему выводу первичной низковольтной обмотки I катушки зажигания 4, верхний вывод первичной низковольтной обмотки I подключен к напряжению питания 15 через диод Шоттки 15, защищающий входную цепь от переполюсовки по входному питанию =15 В, самовосстанавливающийся предохранитель 16, защищающий входную цепь от перегрузки по входному току и защитный диод Шоттки 17, защищающий входную цепь от бросков импульсов напряжения, к цепи питания =15 В подключен силовой накопительный конденсатор 18, для ограничения «просадки» питающего напряжения при работе прибора в режиме защиты. К нижнему выводу снабберного конденсатора 13 параллельно подключены балластный резистор 14 и блокировочный диод 15. Элементы 13, 14, 15 образуют демпфирующую цепь [4], служащую для поглощения энергии высоковольтных выбросов на первичной низковольтной обмотке I катушки зажигания 4 [5].The high voltage pulses are generated as follows: the controller 19, having detected the pressing of the on/off button 21, generates on its output

"comb" of rectangular pulses (Fig. 3), with a given pulse duration τ _imp. and the pulse repetition period T _rep. , which enters the input of the electronic key 20, respectively, at the output

electronic key 20 is formed by a sequence of rectangular pulses with a supply voltage amplitude of +15 V. Output

the electronic key 20 is connected to the cathode of the suppressor 25, which protects the output of the electronic key from high voltage surges when operating in a pulsed mode, the upper terminal of the capacitor 24 and to the lower terminal of the primary low-voltage winding I of the ignition coil 4, the upper terminal of the primary low-voltage winding I is connected to the supply voltage 15 through the Schottky diode 15, which protects the input circuit from reverse polarity on the input power = 15 V, the self-restoring fuse 16, which protects the input circuit from input current overload and the protective Schottky diode 17, which protects the input circuit from voltage surges, is connected to the power circuit = 15 V power storage capacitor 18, to limit the "drawdown" of the supply voltage when the device is operating in protection mode. A ballast resistor 14 and a blocking diode 15 are connected in parallel to the lower terminal of the snubber capacitor 13. Elements 13, 14, 15 form a damping circuit [4], which serves to absorb the energy of high-voltage emissions on the primary low-voltage winding I of the ignition coil 4 [5].

ключ 11 открыт на землю и напряжение на первичной обмотке I катушки зажигания 6 равно «О», при низком уровне сигнала

ключ 11 закрыт и напряжение на выводах первичной обмотки катушки зажигания равно напряжению питания +15 В. С выходов вторичной высоковольтной обмотки II катушки зажигания 4 [6] высоковольтные импульсы ± поступают через высоковольтные провода с распределенным сопротивлением 5 и 6 [7] на контакты мастер платы 7 и на токопроводящие шины + и - электрического барьера 10 (Фиг. 1). На мастер-плате 7 установлен газоразрядник 8, предотвращающий перенапряжение свыше 25 кВ на токопроводящих шинах + и -.Thus, at a high signal level

key 11 is open to ground and the voltage on the primary winding I of the ignition coil 6 is "O", with a low signal level

switch 11 is closed and the voltage at the terminals of the primary winding of the ignition coil is equal to the supply voltage of +15 V. From the outputs of the secondary high-voltage winding II of the ignition coil 4 [6], high-voltage pulses ± come through high-voltage wires with distributed resistance 5 and 6 [7] to the contacts of the master board 7 and onto the + and − conductors of the electrical barrier 10 (FIG. 1). On the master board 7, a gas discharger 8 is installed, which prevents an overvoltage of more than 25 kV on the current-carrying tires + and -.

The technical result is achieved when the rodent closes the current-carrying tires + and - of the electrical barrier 10, as shown in FIG. 4. As a result of the contact of a section of the rodent's body with current-carrying tires + and - a closed circuit is formed and a discharge current I razr begins to pass through the section of the rodent's body, rendering; electroshock effect on him.

The approximate energy of electroshock exposure E _shock is calculated by the formula [1]:

where ΔU is the potential difference between the current-carrying tires + and - of the electrical barrier;

R _vp1 , R _vp2 - distributed resistance of high-voltage wires 5 and 6 (Fig. 1);

R _gr - the resistance of the body of the rodent between the conductive tires;

τ _imp. - the duration of the high-voltage pulse.

An example of an approximate calculation of the energy of electroshock exposure E _shock :

which is physically equivalent to touching the glass bulb of a working 160 watt incandescent lamp with a finger. For humans, this is a 2-3 degree skin burn [8] at the site of contact, and for a rodent, it is a severe electric shock. In this example, for clarity, the duration of the high-voltage pulse τ _imp. is chosen sufficiently large, in fact, the duration τ _imp. is chosen shorter, according to the results of full-scale tests. The repetition period of high-voltage pulses T _repetition is selected based on the speed of movement of the rodent across the electrical barrier with a guaranteed defeat of at least one pulse when the circuit is closed -

approx. 100 ms÷900 ms or pulse repetition rate:

Required pulse duration τ _imp and pulse repetition period

T _repeat is easily set by changing the program code of the controller 7 over a wide range [9].

The presented useful model of the deratization device has the following undeniable advantages:

- simplicity and reliability of the power supply system: the power adapter used in the device is produced in tens of millions of pieces worldwide and is certified both in the Russian Federation and in Europe according to the EAC certificate (Eurasian Conformity);

- minimum power consumption ≈ 0.5 W for any length of the electrical barrier. In the active "Protection" mode, the two-wire circuit of the electrical barrier is in an open state and does not consume power. The current in the two-wire circuit occurs only with direct short-term (fractions and units of ms) contact of the rodent with current-carrying tires. The rest of the time, energy is consumed only to power the controller and the display element;

- Since the device creates a potential difference according to the principle of a two-wire circuit, it provides a 100% effective electroshock damaging, repulsive and non-lethal effect on rodents trying to overcome the electrical barrier along its entire length, without weakly protected and unprotected areas, as well as safe for the health of service personnel when observance of elementary safety rules; the use of the device does not have a significant impact on the organization of work in the protected premises, does not reduce its usable areas;

- expands the scope of the device. It can be used in rooms where materials with high electrical resistance (dielectrics) are used as the underlying surface; there is no need to use a ground electrode when creating a protective perimeter;

- thanks to the original design, the electrical barrier is resistant to mechanical stress, protected from corrosion, does not rot, frost-resistant, has high tensile strength, bends well, which allows it to be rolled into compact coils for packaging and transportation, non-combustible and refractory due to the physical properties of the polyamide base.

Thus, the device for deratization proposed as a utility model is a new, more advanced solution in the arsenal of technical means - devices for rodent control: simple in design, economical in terms of energy consumption, safe in operation for human health, impeccable in terms of environmental and fire safety. safety, with high efficiency does not require additional costs for sanitary and hygienic maintenance of protected objects and is prepared for serial production.

Bibliographic data

1. SanPiN 3.3686-21 dated 01/28/2021 Disinsection and deratization. Chapter III, Art. 110-124.

2. Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations.

Annex to Order No. 903n of December 15, 2020 of the MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Ch. II, art. 2.5.

3. GOST R 12.1.009-2009 SSBT. Electrical safety. Terms and Definitions. Ch. 3, sec. 3.4, tab. one.

4. P. Horowitz. W. Hill. THE ART OF CIRCUIT ENGINEERING. 4th ed., trans. from English. M .. "Mir", 1993, Volume 1, sections 1.27-1.3 1.

5. Paul Lacy. Calculation of the absorption circuit of a high-voltage surge for a flyback power source ”translated from English. Magazine "Electronic Components" No. 8, 2010. Source: https://russianelectronics.ru.

6. How the ignition coil works

Source: http://KrutiMotor.ru/katushka-zazhiganiya-usirojstvo/

7. GOST R 58209-2018 (ISO 3808:2002) Road transport. Unshielded high-voltage wires of the ignition system. Technical requirements and test methods. Ch. III. sec. 3.2, tab. 2.

8. Clinical recommendation: “Thermal and chemical burns. Sun burns. Respiratory burns." All-Russian public organization "Association of combustiologists" World without burns "(URL: http://combustiolog.ru) 2.11.2017 Materials of the V Congress of combustiologists of Russia.

9. Evstifeev A.V. AVR microcontrollers of the Tiny family. User's manual. Moscow: Dodeka-XX1 Publishing House, 2007 - 432 p.: ill. (A series of programmable systems).

Claims (7)

1. A deratization device containing a power adapter, a control board with control and indication elements, an ignition coil, high-voltage wires, a master board, a connection board, an electric barrier and a turn board, characterized in that the device is made in a portable case made of ABC plastic, the board control is made of double-sided foil textolite with a protective coating and contains an electronic key, a Zener diode to protect the output of the electronic key, a damping circuit consisting of a snubber capacitor, a ballast resistor and a blocking diode, connected to the output of the electronic key and the lower output of the primary low-voltage winding of the ignition coil, a protective diode, a self-resetting fuse, a power storage capacitor and a protective diode, connected on one side to the power circuit, on the other hand connected to the upper terminal of the primary low-voltage winding of the ignition coil built into the housing, to the terminals of the secondary high-voltage winding to The ignition coils are connected by high-voltage wires connected to the master board, which is connected through the connection board to an electrical barrier, which includes two spaced apart conductive buses, while the control board with control and indication elements is built into the housing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an electric barrier rotation board, and a power adapter is used to connect to an external power network. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control of the device for deratization and, in particular, the formation of a sequence of pulses supplied further to the electric barrier, is carried out by the ATtiny controller of the AVR family according to the program code sewn into it, the program code is protected from unauthorized reading . 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for deratization as a high-voltage transformer uses a two-winding ignition coil with primary low-voltage and secondary high-voltage (up to 25 kV), with windings galvanically isolated from each other. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for deratization uses high-voltage wires for ignition systems with distributed resistance as high-voltage connecting wires. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the deratization device, a gas discharger built into the master board is used to limit overvoltage over 25 kV. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for deratization uses a two-wire circuit to create a protective electroshock effect on the rodent when overcoming the barrier when it closes the conductive tires of the electrical barrier.

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