RU212122U1 - Aircraft with hydraulic propellers - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to vehicles capable of moving on land and in the air. This model has the advantage - it has the ability to horizontal and vertical flight, has the ability to move on public roads, does not require preparatory work and significant time costs to bring the car into a flying state, has an energy-efficient power plant and optimal performance properties. The advantage is achieved by using an existing passenger car with modified spare parts, other power units and their alternative layout as a basis. To carry out the flight, the car is equipped with a structure attached to the roof of the car, which changes its geometric dimensions and places on itself propeller groups in the amount of four units according to the quadrocopter scheme. As a drive and a change in the speed of rotation of folding propellers, a volumetric hydraulic drive is used, consisting of adjustable hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, guiding, regulating and auxiliary hydraulic equipment, including two closed circuits, a control system, make-up, cooling and overload protection. By adjusting the frequency of rotation of the hydraulic motors, the flight is carried out in the horizontal and vertical planes.

Description

A car-autoplane with a hydraulic propeller drive refers to vehicles with combined movement capabilities, in particular, to aircraft structures built on the basis of passenger cars.

Known in this field of technology models of vehicles that carry out vertical and horizontal flight, having a static or transformable structure, are the following examples.

An interesting option is "Avtolet" [Patent for invention RU 2360802]. The invention relates to the field of vehicles with land and air traffic. The aircraft has a flight complex consisting of a movable lifting-carrying plane with gas generators built into it, turbofans with a variable thrust vector, a balancing platform connected to the lifting-carrying plane through an axial rotary mechanism, and longitudinal guides with longitudinal grooves located on the carrier platform over the hull of the vehicle, with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the balancing platform in them and alignment of the lifting-carrying plane with the center of gravity of the vehicle. The vehicle also contains pipelines of the gas-generating gas drive of turbofans, combined into a single gas pipeline, gas-jet rudders and a control system for the flight complex and gas-jet rudders. Movement in land mode is provided by independent power and control mechanisms of the automobile type. The technical result consists in expanding the functionality of the vehicle.

The disadvantage of this option is the presence in the design of expensive and complex equipment: balancing platform, gas generators, turbofans, etc., which will ultimately affect the reliability, cost and stability of a real sample.

Another example of a universal vehicle is "Avtolet" [Patent for invention RU 2662600]. The invention relates to the field of hybrid vehicles. The autolet (flying car) contains single or coaxial rotors in the ring, gas turbine engines that rotate the rotors, an electric motor necessary for moving on the ground, a hybrid control system, and electric generators. The rotors are located in the front and rear of the case. The rotors are closed by blinds, which are installed perpendicular to the cabin. The aircraft also contains a control system and a rotor control system. The rotors contain swashplates, electric drives, electronic devices built into electric drives, an on-board computer, gearboxes, gas turbine engines. Corresponding flaps are made on the rotors for moving forward-backward, left-right. The aircraft contains accelerators for forward flight, made in the form of propellers in the ring and compact jet engines. Provides the ability to move in the air and on the ground, vertical takeoff, reducing fuel consumption.

The disadvantage of the above model is the inapplicability of the technology to many existing vehicles due to the need to create a new body to accommodate the necessary equipment. This vehicle moves due to complex equipment, the operation of which requires various types of energy. Converting one type of energy to another will negatively affect the energy efficiency of a real sample.

Another representative is "A passenger car with flight performance" [Application No. 2020144316], which refers to vehicles capable of moving on the ground and in the air. The advantage of this utility model is the possibility of vertical takeoff and landing, the absence of additional time and physical effort to bring the car into flight condition, ease of operation, no need to design the car from scratch. The advantage is achieved in that the flight performance vehicle is designed on the basis of an existing passenger car. The movement of the car on the ground is carried out with the help of an internal combustion engine, transmission and chassis. To carry out the flight, the car is equipped with a supporting frame mounted on the car body, electric motors, propellers, batteries and other additional equipment necessary for the flight. The propellers are driven by electric motors powered by batteries. By adjusting the frequency of rotation of the engines, flight is carried out in the horizontal and vertical planes.

The disadvantages of the given model will be the increased dimensions of the vehicle due to the supporting frame, which will negatively affect maneuvering in urban conditions; the use of electric propeller drive, requiring powerful electric motors and batteries that have a voltage drop when they are not in use, operate only in a small temperature range, have a relatively short service life and are expensive to manufacture and use.

The technical task is to create a car capable of moving along public roads, performing vertical takeoff and landing, horizontal flight based on an existing passenger car, which would not require preparatory work and significant time costs to bring the car into a flying state, had an energy-efficient power plant and optimal performance properties.

The task is solved by using the VAZ 1111 Oka car as the base vehicle using a sliding structure installed on the roof of the car. This design is necessary for mounting and placement of propeller groups (VMG) in the amount of four units according to the quadrocopter scheme. VMG, in turn, are driven by a volumetric hydraulic drive.

A car-airplane is a combination of an existing passenger car, additionally equipped with a transfer mechanism, clutches, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, guide, regulating, auxiliary hydraulic equipment, an electronic flight control unit, sensors, control levers, and a movable structure attached to the roof of the car, necessary for fixing on there are hydraulic motors with folding propellers in the amount of four units, located relative to each other according to a quadrocopter scheme, consisting of retractable frames, guide elements, fixing devices, characterized in that the hydraulic pumps are adjustable, and two distributors are proportional with the possibility of changing the flow rate of the hydraulic motors.

To accomplish the task, the base car is subject to change: the roof is strengthened, the hood, side doors, tailgate, other interior and body parts are replaced with products made from modern composite materials. The basic units are being replaced - an internal combustion engine, a gearbox - and their layout is changing. This decision is due to the need to achieve the calculated parameters of the hydrostatic transmission and the optimal distribution of the center of gravity of the vehicle.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings and diagrams:

in fig. 1 shows the aircraft, layout diagram, top view;

in fig. 2 shows the aircraft in flight mode, side view;

in fig. 3 shows the aircraft in flight mode, top view;

in fig. 4 shows the aircraft in driving mode, top view;

in fig. 5 shows the aircraft in driving mode, front view;

in fig. 6 shows an autoplane, a hydraulic schematic diagram.

Presented flying car contains: 1 - internal combustion engine; 2 - driven wheels; 3 - clutch; 4 - gearbox; 5 - distributing mechanism; 6 - cardan gears; 7 - hydraulic pumps; 8 - driving wheels; 9 - differential; 10 - main gear; 11 - hinges of equal angular speeds; 12 - propeller blades; 13 - hydraulic motors; 14 - the upper hub of the screw; 15 - lower screw hub; 16 - guide elements; 17 - fixing devices; 18 - retractable frames; F1, F2 - filters; H1-H4 - hydraulic pumps; KP1-KP8 - safety valves; P1-P10 - distributors; C1, C2 - hydraulic cylinders; M1-M4 - hydraulic motors; ОХ1-ОХ6 - coolers; KO1-KO4 - check valves.

Guide elements 16 serve for the correct direction of movement of frames 18, fixing frames 18 from transverse movements, fastening the entire structure that provides flight to the car body.

Locking devices 17 are designed to secure and hold sliding frames 18 from longitudinal movements in guide elements 16 in flight and driving modes.

The retractable frame 18 is a welded structure made of rolled products of various sections, made of light aluminum alloys, and is intended for fixing the VMG on it.

The propeller is represented by a set of separate interconnected elements, mainly they are the propeller blades 12, the upper hub 14, the lower hub 15. Thus, we get a propeller with a total diameter of 2.5 m with the possibility of folding to reduce the dimensions of the vehicle. The fixation of the blades and their rotation relative to each other will occur due to the friction forces arising in contact of the two axes of the blades with the teeth applied to them. Using an external influence, for example, a person or a special drive, on one blade, we get the movement of the other blade in the opposite direction. Additional fixation of the blades is possible with pins or screws.

The transfer mechanism is a set of gears with a gear ratio equal to 1, enclosed in a single housing. The mechanism serves to transmit torque from the engine to the hydraulic pumps and drive wheels without changes.

In normal driving mode on public roads, the car operates without significant differences from a traditional car. Internal combustion engine 1 transmits torque through clutch 3 to a five-speed gearbox 4, driveline 6 to the transfer mechanism 5. When the one-way cam clutches of the hydraulic pumps (not shown) are turned off and the wheel drive clutch is turned on (not shown), the torque from the transfer mechanism 5 is transmitted through cardan gear 6, main gear 10, differential 9, constant velocity joints 11 to steered drive wheels 8.

In flight mode, with the one-way cam clutches of the hydraulic pumps (not shown) and the wheel drive clutch (not shown) turned off, the torque from the transfer mechanism 5 is transmitted equally through the cardan gears 6 to the hydraulic pumps 7.

At the same time, with a certain action of the driver - pilot, an electrical signal is received from the passenger compartment to the locking devices 17, in which the electromechanical drive is located, acting on the retractable frames 18, pushing them forward. When the extreme position of the frames 18 is reached, the fixing device 17 is screwed by means of an electric drive into the screws intended for this place in the frames 18, fixing them.

The movement of the car in the vertical direction is carried out by a synchronous change in the speed of rotation of all screws. To fly in the desired direction, the car in the air must lean at a certain angle in the direction of movement. Tilt is achieved by changing the thrust force of propeller groups on opposite sides of the vehicle. For example, for forward flight, the speed of the front propellers is slightly reduced, allowing the car to deviate by a certain pitch angle from its original position. Having reached the desired value of the angle of inclination, the rotational speed of all motors is increased by a compensating value. In this way, the vehicle stops tilting continuously and the traction balance is restored.

The rotating propellers create a reactive torque that tries to turn the flying car in the opposite direction of the propeller rotation. Therefore, two screws, for example, front left and rear right, rotate clockwise and the other two counterclockwise, mutually balancing the reactive moments. If you increase the speed of the motors rotating clockwise, and equally reduce the speed of those rotating counterclockwise, then the total vertical thrust will not change, but the reactive moment will be compensated and the car will begin to turn counterclockwise. Clockwise rotation is carried out in the same way.

The hydraulic scheme includes two main circuits containing adjustable pumps (H3, H4), hydraulic motors (M1-M4), coolers (OX3-OX6). The scheme also contains a pump control system, a make-up system that is needed to eliminate possible cavitation and leaks, a system for protecting the transmission from overload, an additional system for removing excess heated working fluid from hydraulic motors to the drain.

The conversion of the mechanical energy of a gasoline engine into hydraulic power is carried out by adjustable pumps, which are directly connected to the internal combustion engine. Non-adjustable hydraulic motors convert the hydraulic energy of the working fluid flow into mechanical energy by rotating the propellers.

The speed control of the propellers is carried out using a control system that includes the pump H1, the bypass valve KP1, which prevents accidental pressure increase, proportional distributors (P1, P2) with electronic control, hydraulic cylinders (Ts1, Ts2) necessary to regulate the supply of working fluid by pumps, and cooler OX1. When the position of the distributor spools is changed, the working fluid is supplied from the pump H1 through the filter F1 to the right or left cavity of the hydraulic cylinders, as a result of which the fluid supply by the pumps (H3, H4) increases or decreases, which in turn changes the rotational speed of the hydraulic motors (M1-M4) . The rods attached to the rods of the hydraulic cylinders move the distributor housings, returning the spools to their original position, in which the same amount of working fluid is supplied to both cavities of the hydraulic cylinders. When the movement of the spools stops, the rotational speeds of the hydraulic motor shafts remain constant.

The main difference and advantage is in the way the propeller speed is controlled. The diagram shows the main contours for the front and rear rows of propellers (left and right contours, respectively). Consider, for example, the operation of the left circuit. The adjustable pump H3 supplies the working fluid to the hydraulic motors M1 and M2 in equal volume and pressure. This ensures equal torque and angular velocity of the hydraulic motor shafts. But in order to perform a maneuver and achieve a stable state in the air, the vehicle needs to change these parameters in a wide range. To change the flow rate, and, consequently, the rotational speed of the hydraulic motors, electronically controlled proportional distributors P5 and P6, which redirect part of the flow of the pump H3 to the suction line, bypassing the hydraulic motor, allow. If it is necessary to increase the angular speed of rotation of the screws on one axis and decrease on the other, the pump flow increases, while one of the distributors, for example, P5 directs the provided volume of working fluid entirely to the hydraulic motor, and the other (P6) redirects part of the working fluid to the suction line .

Due to the presence of leaks, the main circuits require a system for replenishing the working fluid. This system consists of pump H2, safety valve KP2, check valves (KO1-KO4). Pump H2 supplies the cooled working fluid from the tank to the main circuits through valves (KO1-KO4). In the event of an increase in pressure, the KP2 valve bypasses the liquid to the drain.

The overload protection system includes a high pressure valve (KP4, KP6) in each main circuit, which, in case of excess load on the hydraulic motor shaft, discharges the working fluid from the pressure line to the suction line, bypassing the hydraulic motors.

The heated fluid removal system includes distributors (P4, P5, P7, P8) with hydraulic control, valves (KP4, KP5, KP7, KP8) and cooler OH2. Since the supply of the H2 pump is greater than the leakage, the excess working fluid formed in the suction lines, heated after leaving the hydraulic motors, is additionally cooled, flowing through these distributors and valves, the cooler OX2 into the tank. The spools of the data distributors are moved by the pressure in the pressure lines. Also, all the working fluid is cooled directly after the hydraulic motors in coolers (OX3-OX6).

To control the pumps and change the flow rate of the hydraulic motors, electronically controlled distributors are used, which, in turn, receive signals from an electronic flight control unit (ECU) (not shown). The ECM is responsible for coordinating, stabilizing and controlling the vehicle in flight. This control unit collects information from a block of sensors, including a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a barometer (not shown), and, based on the readings of the sensors, calculates its position in space, determines angular accelerations and speed of movement; collects information about external influences, such as deviations of the pilot's control levers; sends control signals to distributors, which ultimately change the speed of the hydraulic motors. Thus, the vehicle changes its position in space by roll, pitch and yaw angles. Also, the allowable tilt angles will be recorded in the ECU to eliminate the possibility of tilting above the allowable level.

Human flight control is carried out through control levers (not shown) that send control signals to the ECU. Moving up with the left lever is responsible for increasing the speed of all VMGs (the car takes off); downward movement - a decrease in speed and a decrease in the car. Leaning the lever to the left turns the machine counterclockwise, tilting it to the right turns it clockwise. Moving up with the right lever is responsible for tilting the car back, moving down - for tilting forward. Pushing the lever to the left tilts to the left, pushing the lever to the right tilts to the right.

Thus, the presented design of a universal vehicle is a solution to the problem of difficult transportation of people or goods to remote, hard-to-reach places of residence.

Claims (1)

An autoplane based on a passenger car, additionally equipped with propellers, couplings, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, guide, regulating, auxiliary hydraulic equipment, an electronic flight control unit, sensors, control levers, characterized in that it contains a structure attached to the roof of the car, necessary for fixing on of hydraulic motors with folding propellers in the amount of four units located relative to each other according to a quadrocopter scheme, the hydraulic system contains the main circuits for the front and rear row of propellers, containing the left and right circuits, respectively, to control the rotation speed of each of the propellers, with each main circuit contains an adjustable pump (H3, H4) and two proportional distributors (P5, P6 and P9, P10) that change the flow rate of the corresponding hydraulic motors (M1, M2 and M3, M4).

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