RU2117788C1 - Method of operation of vehicle engine unit, method of engine unit control and engine unit of vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; automobiles. SUBSTANCE: engine unit has engine cylinder 1 with fitted-in differential piston 2, hydraulic system including hydraulic pump 3 driven by differential piston 2, hydraulic motor 4, hydraulic accumulator 5, fuel supply and ignition device 6, air compressing device 7 and control system 8 with position pickups 9. Air compressing device 7 is driven by intermediate step of differential piston 2 and is provided with receiver 10. Control system 8 is programmable. Position pickups 9 are installed on actuator mechanism - wheel 12. Controlled valves are connected to system 8 through actuators. Controlled valves are installed at exhaust gas outlet from engine cylinder 13 and at delivery connection 14 and fuel supply connection 15 of cylinder and at outlet from hydraulic pump 16 and at outlet to hydraulic motor 17. Fuel combusted in engine cylinder is used as working liquid in hydraulic system. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 12 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to power plants of machines and can be used in the automotive industry, as it relates to means for adapting the engine and energy storage devices to the operating modes of the car.

 Energy analysis shows that a car consumes much more fuel than is necessary for a car to move at a constant speed [1], p. 13, Fig. 2. The reason for this is that the drive circuit of the car is poorly adapted to a wide variety of driving modes.

 Known technical solutions that allow optimizing the performance of a vehicle’s power plant during its operation, for example, through the use of a hybrid drive, as is done in an experimental electric car company Garrett USA, which uses reversible electric machines and a flywheel for energy storage, which allows energy recovery when changing the speed of the car and using the control unit to optimize the load mode of the power plant [1], pp. 75-78, Fig. 77.

 However, this technical solution has not yet received wide distribution due to its significant drawback associated with the high cost and large mass of electric energy batteries and their low durability, which makes the electric car uncompetitive compared to a car using chemical energy of liquid fuel.

 For the transfer of mechanical energy in various types of machines, hydraulic systems have gained widespread use due to the simplicity of laying communications, good performance in specific transmitting power, and operational safety. The energy in these systems is transmitted mainly by compressed fluid, and it is assumed that the fluid is incompressible, and the work is obtained by actuating in the hydraulic drive the actuator of the differential pressure of the fluid obtained in the hydraulic pump. For example, the self-propelled chassis Ш104М with hydraulic energy transfer to the hydraulic motors of this chassis, which are built into the drive wheels, described in [2], pp. 269 ... 271, fig. 10/14.

 However, well-known machines with hydraulic gears do not exhaust all the possibilities of fuel economy. Losses associated with the increased mass of the engine and the complex mechanism of energy transfer to the wheels, its regulation, losses with exhaust gases, losses due to the mismatch between engine performance and individual modes of its operation in the car, insufficient recovery of the vehicle’s energy of movement lead to unproductive fuel combustion and significant emissions of energy into the environment.

 There are various methods of regulating the operation of a power plant, for example, the method used by Porsche (Germany) in its automobile engines and described in [1], pp. 170-172 and 193-197. This method of regulating the operation of the machine’s power plant consists in changing the amount of energy produced by the engine, in accumulating a part of this energy and in transferring to the executive mechanism the energy necessary for it to perform useful work.

 The known method provides fuel savings during vehicle operation, improves its environmental performance, which makes Porsche engines competitive in the modern automotive market.

 However, the known method of regulation requires the use of a complex transmission, which leads to additional losses in the transmission of energy.

 Of the known technical solutions, the closest object to the claimed method of operation of the power plant, the method of regulating its operation and the device according to the set of essential features is described in the invention [3] "Power drive with a four-stroke free-piston internal combustion engine" engine operation method, method of its regulation and design , which the authors took as a prototype of the claimed invention.

 The object adopted as a prototype regarding the operation of the machine’s power plant is a method in which a mixture of air and fuel is burned in a cylinder with a movable piston, the thermal energy of the working gases is converted into mechanical energy and transmitted to the last actuator using the hydraulic energy of the compressed liquid, while energy is used to compress the air supplied to the cylinder.

 In terms of regulating the operation of the power plant, the method adopted for the prototype consists in changing the amount of energy produced by the engine by changing the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder, in accumulating part of the energy for use as needed, and in transferring to the actuator such an amount of energy that it needs to do useful work . In terms of the device, the object adopted for the prototype is a power plant of the machine, containing an engine cylinder with a differential piston installed in it, a hydraulic system including a hydraulic pump driven by a differential piston, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic accumulator, pipelines and valves, a fuel supply and ignition device, a device air compression, as well as a control system connected to the valves and equipped with position sensors.

 However, the object adopted for the prototype does not exhaust all the possibilities of fuel economy. Losses associated with the increased mass of the engine and the complex mechanism of energy transfer to the wheels, its regulation, losses with exhaust gases, losses due to the mismatch between engine performance and individual modes of its operation in the car, insufficient recovery of the vehicle’s energy of movement lead to unproductive fuel combustion and significant emissions of energy into the environment.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the method of operation of the engine and regulate the transfer of its energy to the wheels by matching the characteristics of the engine and the individual modes of its operation on the car, creating a comprehensive drive circuit of the vehicle, capable, provided that the minimum fuel consumption is achieved, to ensure rational consumption of primary energy and secondary sources of energy during movement, including overcoming friction, aerodynamic drag, inertia onnyh and gravitational forces.

 The efficiency of the drive is determined mainly by the characteristic of the engine, which works most efficiently with a certain combination of parameters that have a significant effect on the indicator motor efficiency and mechanical losses. These parameters include: the degree of compression of the air, the filling of the cylinder, the coefficient of excess air, the expansion rate of the working gases and other parameters. The maximum effective efficiency is achieved only at certain values of the mentioned parameters. Any deviation from the optimal values leads, as a rule, to a deviation of the effective efficiency from the maximum. Therefore, in a drive designed to maintain maximum efficiency, only a pulse mode of engine power control can be used. The essence of this mode is that in order to meet a specific demand for power, the engine turns on and works at the optimum values of the speed of the pistons and other basic parameters, or it stands still. Work in any other mode will be necessarily associated with increased fuel consumption. The constancy of the main parameters entails not only the constancy of efficiency, but also power. Therefore, a drive configured to achieve maximum efficiency should operate in constant power mode generated for each duty cycle.

As a result of solving the task, a new technical result was achieved, consisting in the creation of a vehicle power plant, providing:
- high liter power and low engine weight,
- high profitability,
- noiselessness
- lack of gearbox.

 This technical result is achieved by the fact that when implementing the method of operation of the power plant of the machine, in which a mixture of air and fuel is burned in a cylinder with a movable piston, the thermal energy of the working gases is converted into mechanical energy and transmitted to the last actuator using the hydraulic energy of the compressed liquid, while energy is used to compress the air supplied to the cylinder according to the invention, in each cycle the fuel in the engine cylinder is burned at the same process parameters, while the guide avlicheskuyu energy is obtained, stored and transmitted as deformed liquid energy, wherein the air is compressed and liquid initially at the expense of working gases energy and then at the expense of moving piston mass energy, at this air is compressed outside of engine cylinder parameters to start burning the fuel.

 At the same time, a method for regulating the operation of the machine’s power plant is implemented, which consists in changing the amount of energy generated by the engine by changing the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder, in accumulating part of the energy for use as needed, and in transferring to the executive mechanism the amount of energy that it needs to do useful work , in which, according to the invention, the amount of energy generated by the engine is changed by changing the frequency of fuel combustion cycles in the cylinder engine, and the amount of energy transferred to actuator is controlled by changing the frequency of the transmitted pulses deformed liquid, wherein the difference generated by the engine and the energy consumed by the executive mechanism compensate a pulse present in accumulator.

 The power plant for implementing these methods comprises an engine cylinder with a differential piston installed in it, a hydraulic system including a hydraulic pump driven by a differential piston, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic accumulator, pipelines and valves, a fuel supply and ignition device, an air compression device, and a control system connected to the valves and equipped with position sensors, while, according to the invention, the air compression device is driven by an intermediate stage differential of the potential piston and is equipped with a receiver, and the cylinder volume of the air compression device is 1.5-3.0 times smaller than the volume of the engine cylinder, moreover, in the embodiment, the air compression device is two-stage, and the cylinder volume of the first stage of the device is 1.5 - 3.0 times less than the volume of the engine cylinder.

 In addition, according to the invention, the control system is programmable, position sensors are mounted on the actuator and valves are installed on the system, mounted on the exhaust gases from the engine cylinder, supplying compressed air and fuel to this cylinder, at the outlet of the hydraulic pump and at the inlet to the hydraulic motor .

 According to the invention, the power plant can be performed by placing two differential pistons mounted in the same cylinder of the engine.

 In addition, according to the invention, the fuel burned in the engine cylinder is used as the working fluid of the hydraulic system of the power plant, while the ignition and fuel supply device can be connected to the hydraulic accumulator through an intermediate tank equipped with a check valve.

 The invention provides embodiments whereby several hydraulic motors are connected to one hydraulic accumulator through separate valves connected to the control system, or several hydraulic accumulators are connected to one hydraulic motor through separate valves connected to the control system, or several hydraulic motors are connected to several hydraulic accumulators through a hydraulic switch connected to the control system.

 A distinctive feature of the claimed invention is that in each cycle the fuel in the engine cylinder is burned at the same process parameters, while hydraulic energy is received, stored and transmitted in the form of energy of a deformed liquid.

 The constancy of the parameters of the fuel combustion process, i.e. the same amount of fuel in each working cycle, the amount and parameters of compressed air, the volume of the combustion chamber and the volume of working gases at the end of their expansion, respectively, the constancy of the working gases in each cycle of temperatures and pressures, both maximum and final, allows to burn fuel at an optimum mode for extracting its chemical energy, i.e. receive the maximum possible amount of energy from the spent fuel. And the receipt and subsequent transfer of energy in the form of energy of a deformed liquid, which can be stored for any length of time, allows the energy of hot working gases, which cannot be stored for a long time, to be converted into long-stored and easily controlled energy of a deformed liquid, which makes it possible to burn fuel only to overcome irreversible resistance to vehicle movement and replenishment of losses of stored energy, thereby ensuring minimum fuel consumption.

 Another distinctive feature of the proposed method of operation is that the air and liquid are compressed first due to the energy of the working gases, and then due to the energy of the moving mass of the piston, while the air is compressed outside the engine cylinder to the parameters for starting fuel combustion.

This feature allows you to implement the so-called continued expansion of the working gases in the cylinder of the engine, in which the working gases at the end of their expansion occupy a much larger volume (1.5 - 3.0 times in the inventive engine) than the volume of fresh charge in traditional ICEs, and at the same time, to obtain the necessary amount of energy to compress the air supplied to the cylinder. In traditional ICE with exhaust gases a lot of energy is lost, because the temperature of the exhaust gases is about 1700K, and the pressure at the outlet of their working cylinder is about 6 kg / cm ² . At the same time, the exhaust gases contain a significant amount of harmful gases as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel. Continued expansion of the working gases ensures the full use of their energy and environmental requirements for exhaust gases, since not only complete combustion of the fuel takes place, but also the expansion of the gases to a pressure below critical, which makes the exhaust silent and clean enough.

 Compressing air to the parameters of the beginning of fuel combustion outside the engine cylinder allows us to provide not only optimal parameters in the cylinder for each fuel combustion cycle, but also switch to a fundamentally new way of regulating the operation of the power plant, since with compressed air available at any time and the corresponding dose of fuel the working process in the engine cylinder can also be carried out at any time.

 It becomes possible to implement a new regulation method, the distinguishing feature of which is that the amount of energy generated by the engine is changed by changing the frequency of the fuel combustion cycles in the engine cylinder, and the amount of energy transmitted to the actuator is controlled by changing the frequency of the transmitted pulses of the deformed fluid, while the difference generated the engine and the energy consumed by the actuator are compensated by the pulse located in the battery torus.

 Maintaining the compressed air parameters sufficient to start the combustion of fuel allows not only to free the ICE cylinders from work on preparing a fresh charge, but at any moment of the car’s movement, fuel can be supplied to the cylinder and the necessary work can be obtained from burning it, i.e. it is easy to change the frequency of engine cycles, which extends the technological capabilities of the claimed installation.

 When regulating the amount of energy by changing the frequency of fuel combustion cycles, you can stop the engine, stopping the flow of fuel. The engine is also able to adapt to external loads, accordingly changing the frequency of the operation cycles.

 The energy transfer through the accumulator due to the impulse of the deformed liquid located in it provides almost unlimited possibilities for maneuvering energy during operation of the machine. By burning fuel, it is possible to create a supply of energy in any storage device (flywheel, electric battery with a reversible electric machine) connected to the pulse accumulator according to the claimed technical solution, since the hydraulic motor and pump used in the installation are reversible. Similarly, you can transfer energy to the drive from the main actuator, for example from the wheel of a car when it is braking, i.e. recover mechanical energy.

 This eliminates the main disadvantage of the known methods of providing the car’s functions - burning fuel in a power plant in cases where this can be omitted, which leads to a very noticeable reduction in fuel consumption, and it also becomes possible to use the energy dissipated during braking in known cars.

 The power plant for the implementation of the proposed method, in addition to the elements providing the above functions, which can basically be implemented by known means, has additional distinctive features, namely, in the inventive installation, the air compression device is driven by an intermediate stage of the differential piston and is equipped with a receiver while the cylinder volume of the air compression device is 1.5 to 3.0 times smaller than the volume of the engine cylinder.

 The presence of a volume for expansion of the working gases is 1.5-3.0 times larger than the volume of air sucked in and supplied to the cylinder, which allows for the continued expansion of the working gases, to obtain such parameters on the exhaust that fully utilize energy and ensure sufficient purity exhaust.

When the working cylinder volume is smaller than from the given volume ratio, all the indicated disadvantages of the exhaust of traditional ICEs appear - high energy losses with exhaust gases, insufficient environmental cleanliness, pressure at the cylinder exit becomes higher than critical (1.86 kg / cm ² ), it is required to use noise suppression means, since the speed of exhaust gases becomes higher than the speed of sound.

When the cylinder volume of the air compression device is 3.0 times smaller than the volume of the engine cylinder, the exhaust gas pressure is less than 1.3 kg / cm ² , noise suppression is not required, the combustion of the fuel is complete and the harmful emissions are reduced, the gas energy is so reduced that with a further increase in the volume of the working cylinder (more than 3 times the volume of the cylinder of the air compression device), the mechanical losses during the movement of the piston become greater than the gain from the indicator work of gas expansion. In addition, an increase of more than 3 times the volume of the working cylinder increases the proportion of energy transmitted due to the energy of the moving mass of the piston, so that it makes it difficult to provide the necessary mass of the piston, increases the size of the engine.

 The same exhaust conditions can be provided in an embodiment in which the air compression device is made in two stages, while the cylinder volume of the first stage of the device is 1.5-3.0 times smaller than the volume of the engine cylinder. In this embodiment, it is possible to achieve a higher pressure of compressed air supplied to the cylinder of the engine, and the implementation in the last cycle of the diesel engine.

 The inventive control method is implemented due to the distinctive feature of the control system, which is made programmable, with position sensors installed on the actuator and valves connected to the exhaust gas from the engine cylinder, supplying compressed air and fuel to this cylinder at the outlet of the hydraulic pump and inlet to the hydraulic motor.

 The presence of controlled valves allows you to organize the transfer of energy between the pump and the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic accumulator and to regulate the power of the transmitted energy by changing the number of working strokes.

 Since when burning a single dose of fuel with the same parameters, a constant amount of energy is generated, the amount of power transmitted by one pulse of the deformed fluid is a constant value. In any hydraulic transmission line of the claimed power plant there is either a momentum of the deformed fluid, or it is absent. In this regard, the control of the transmitted power is carried out by the number of transmitted pulses, using a programmable control system. With its help, they regulate the speed of rotation of the wheel, changing the amount per unit time, i.e. frequency of transmitted pulses. At the same time, a fundamentally new method of regulation is implemented, similar to the method of processing binary codes in computer technology, which with a programmable control system allows you to get almost unlimited possibilities for automating the control of a power-consuming mechanism. The use of such a regulation system in a car will significantly increase not only profitability, but also the safety of its operation.

 Another distinctive feature of the claimed power plant may be that the fuel used in the hydraulic cylinder is used as the working fluid of the hydraulic system, while the fuel supply and ignition device is connected to the hydraulic accumulator through an intermediate tank equipped with a check valve. The use of fuel as a hydraulic fluid of a hydraulic system solves not only the problem of lubricating the power unit elements, but also the problem of aging of the hydraulic fluid, since when the engine is running, the fluid in the hydraulic system is continuously updated. The proposed technical solution for supplying fuel greatly simplifies the known fuel supply systems, does not require additional pumps, is characterized by ease of control, which is caused precisely by the fact that in the claimed method the dose of fuel burned in each working cycle is constant.

 The design of the claimed power plant can be implemented in various versions, implementing the claimed methods of operation and regulation, two differential pistons can be installed in the cylinder of the engine, placed opposite, several hydraulic motors are connected to one hydraulic accumulator via separate valves connected to the control system, and one hydraulic motor is connected several accumulators through separate valves connected to the control system; several accumulators are connected to several to hydraulic motors through hydraulic switch connected to the control system. A hydraulic motor that drives an electric current generator or an energy storage device in the form of a flywheel can be connected to any hydraulic line. All of these options extend the technological possibilities of using the invention.

 The power plant versions presented above are possible precisely because the invention uses a hydro-pulse energy transfer, since the energy received from the working gases is converted to the energy of a deformed liquid, and with each fuel burning cycle, a single liquid deformation pulse is obtained, which is then stored for as long as you like in the accumulator and used in the hydraulic motor as needed.

 Energy is transmitted by a deformed fluid pulse through a single hydraulic line. The hydro-pulse transmission provides the interaction of the engine and the energy consumer in a purely hydraulic connection, in the absence of transmission shafts, gears, levers and other mechanical links. At the same time, the generator and energy consumer can change roles, which makes it possible to recover energy by directing it to the battery. For example, a “generator-consumer” pair may be a flywheel or a drive mechanism of a reversible electric machine and a vehicle wheel. The claimed invention provides the interaction between the source and receiver of mechanical energy due to the deformation of the liquid and the pipeline in which it is enclosed, which greatly expands the technological capabilities of such energy transfer.

When transmitting rotation, pulses of a deformed fluid can be transmitted in more than one hydraulic line with a shift in the moment of transmission of the pulse along the angle of rotation of the source and consumer mechanisms by an amount multiple of the number of hydraulic lines, which ensures that there are no dead spots in the transmission of torque. For example, with three hydraulic lines with a phase shift of 120 ^{o the} uniformity of transmission of torque to the wheel is the same as when using an induction motor.

 This eliminates the main disadvantage of the known methods for providing mechanical energy transfer using hydraulic systems - the presence of a large number of different valves and the separation of the hydraulic system to ensure controllability of energy transfer and operational reliability into a low pressure part and a high pressure part, which leads to large (up to 15%) volumetric losses.

 The above distinctive features of the claimed invention in comparison with the known technical solutions make it possible to create a power plant significantly simpler than the known ones, operating with minimal losses, allowing to use the most modern electronic means for its control, having minimal dimensions and weight with ease of installation and operation, which, respectively provides competitiveness in the modern market. These features of the invention allow you to create a car with significantly lower fuel consumption, more reliable, safe and comfortable.

The proposed power plant, working by the present method, when implementing regulation according to this invention provides:
- high profitability,
- minimal hydraulic loss,
- noiselessness
- lack of gearbox.

 The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a power plant explaining the method of operation and method of regulation.

 The power plant of the machine contains a cylinder 1 of the engine with a differential piston 2 installed in it, a hydraulic system including a hydraulic pump 3 driven by a differential piston 2, a hydraulic motor 4, a hydraulic accumulator 5, pipelines and valves — controlled, equipped with a drive, and return valves acting directly from differential pressure of the corresponding medium.

 The installation also contains a fuel supply and ignition device 6, which, in the embodiment for the Diesel cycle shown in the drawing, is a nozzle, and in the embodiment for cycles with lower compressed air pressure, it is made in the form of a compressed air and fuel mixer equipped with an ignition plug connected through control system 8 to a source of electrical voltage.

 The installation comprises an air compression device 7, as well as a control system 8 connected to controlled valves by means of an appropriate actuator and equipped with position sensors 9.

 In this case, the air compression device 7 is made with a drive from the intermediate stage of the differential piston 2 and is equipped with a receiver 10, and the cylinder volume of the air compression device 7 is made 1.5-3.0 times smaller than the volume of the cylinder 1 of the engine. In the embodiment depicted in the drawing, the air compression device is made two-stage with performing an additional stage of the differential piston 2, and an intermediate receiver 11 is installed between the stages, while the cylinder volume of the first stage of the device 7 is made 1.5-3.0 times smaller than engine cylinder volume 1. The air intake and receivers 10, 11 are connected to the air compression device 7 through check valves.

 The control system 8 is made programmable, position sensors 9 are installed on the actuator - the wheel 12, the actuator can also be any energy storage device - a flywheel or a reversible electric machine with an electric power accumulator.

 Controlled valves installed on the exhaust gases from the cylinder of the engine 13, the supply of compressed air 14 and fuel 15 to this cylinder at the outlet of the hydraulic pump 16 and at the inlet to the hydraulic motor 17 are connected to the system 8 using actuators.

 In the cylinder 1 of the engine can be installed two differential pistons 2, placed opposite, with the appropriate placement and connection of the remaining elements of the power plant, similar to those shown in the drawing.

 As the working fluid of the hydraulic system, fuel is burned in the engine cylinder, while the fuel supply and ignition device 6 is connected to the hydraulic accumulator 5 through an intermediate tank 18 provided with a check valve. For refueling, a tank 19 is provided, equipped with a spring-loaded piston 20, which is connected to the hydraulic accumulator 5 through a check valve.

 Several hydraulic motors 4 can be connected to one hydraulic accumulator 5 through separate valves connected to the control system 8. Several hydroaccumulators 5 can be connected to one hydraulic motor 4 through separate valves connected to the control system 8. Several hydraulic motors 4 can be connected to several hydraulic accumulators 4 through a hydraulic switch (not shown in the drawing, of a known design, for example, as a control valve with a drive), connected to a control system 8. In all these cases, the rest shown in the drawing and connected to accumulator 5 installation elements are accordingly stored.

 The inventive method of operation of the power plant, we consider the example of the circuit shown in the drawing, which implements the diesel cycle and which works as follows.

 Before starting work, the hydraulic system of the installation is completely filled with liquid fuel, filling it through the neck of the reservoir 19. At the same time, the piston 20 compresses the mechanical or gas spring and an initial overpressure of the order of 0.5-1.0 ati is created in the hydraulic system, which ensures that there are no gas bubbles.

 The receiver 10 stores compressed air with the parameters of the beginning of fuel combustion in the cylinder 1 of the engine. The pressure of the compressed air in the receiver 10 and the pressure in the intermediate tank 18 is provided during the previous operation of the engine or at the first start-up is generated from an extraneous source.

 In the initial state, before the vehicle begins to move, the power plant must have the necessary energy reserve to overcome inertial forces during acceleration and to communicate kinetic energy to the mass of the car, to overcome gravity on the rise. To ensure the said reserve, energy is stored in the flywheel or battery of a reversible electric machine, driving the engine, burning fuel in it and transmitting energy to the corresponding actuator 12 of the energy storage device, as described below.

 Controlled valves 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 are set to the position shown in the drawing. The piston 2 is then brought to the top dead center of the cylinder 1 of the engine.

 By command from the control system 8, the corresponding actuators open the valves 14 and 15, compressed air enters the cylinder 1 from the receiver 10, and fuel flows from the intermediate tank 18 through the device 6, which, in the case of a diesel cycle and the corresponding compressed air pressure, is the nozzle. The amount of compressed air is determined by the dead space of cylinder 1, and the dose of fuel is determined by the volume of the intermediate tank 18, after which the valves 14 and 15 are closed. When fuel is mixed with high pressure air, the mixture spontaneously ignites, the dose of fuel burns up with the formation of working gases at the maximum cycle temperature.

 In an embodiment of a cycle with a lower pressure of compressed air in the device 6, when the valves 14 and 15 are opened, the compressed air and fuel are mixed and the mixture is ignited by a spark plug generated by a command from the control system 8.

 Under the action of the pressure of the working gases, the piston 2 is set in motion, and at the beginning of the movement, the pressure on the differential platforms of the piston from the side of the air compression device and the hydraulic pump is small and the piston moves with acceleration (left to right in the drawing). When the piston moves, air is compressed in the steps of the compression device 7 and the liquid is displaced from the cylinder of the hydraulic pump 3 through the open valve 16.

 The air that enters the first stage of the device 7 from the atmosphere is displaced into the intermediate receiver 11, and the air at the pressure of the intermediate receiver is forced into the receiver 10. The pressure of the compressed air in the receiver 10 reaches about 100 atm. In an embodiment of the air compression device 7, the single-stage compressible air enters directly into the receiver 10 at a lower pressure, which accordingly requires a different design of the fuel supply and ignition device 6 described above.

 Since the hydraulic system is completely filled with liquid, in the accumulator 5 there is an elastic deformation of the liquid by the amount of volume displaced from the pump 3. The deformation of the liquid occurs simultaneously in the battery 5 and the intermediate tank 18. Then, the intermediate tank 18 is cut off from the hydraulic accumulator 5 by a check valve. The liquid pressure in this case reaches a value of the order of 500 atm.

 Since when the piston 2 moves, the pressure on its differential platforms increases, the energy of the working gases in the cylinder 1 is spent on overcoming the emerging back pressure resistance and accelerating the mass of the piston. By the time of equalization of hydraulic pressure from opposite sides of the piston 2, the latter acquires the corresponding speed. With further movement of the piston, the energy of the moving mass accumulated by it is converted into the energy of compressed air and a deformed fluid, and a continued increase in the volume of working gases correspondingly lowers their temperature and pressure, thereby realizing continued expansion of the gases.

 When the piston 2 reaches the bottom dead point (extreme right position in the drawing), a signal is sent from the system 8 to the valve actuator 16 and the latter is closed, closing the deformed fluid in the hydraulic accumulator 5. The energy of deformation of the liquid in this case is equal to the momentum obtained from burning a dose of fuel in cylinder 1.

 When the valves 15, 16, 17 are closed, the resulting energy pulse is stored in the form of an elastically deformed fluid in the accumulator 5 and the intermediate tank 18. Moreover, unlike the energy of the working gases, which cannot be stored for any sufficiently long time, the deformation energy can be stored as anything long

 In this case, an insignificant part of the energy of the deformed liquid is stored in the intermediate tank 18. The volume of the intermediate tank 18 is not more than 0.01-0.02 of the volume of the hydraulic accumulator 5. Since the parameters of the process of burning fuel in the cylinder 1 are constant, the volume of the intermediate tank 18 is calculated so that the liquid deformed in it when creating a pulse represents a dose of fuel for one working cycle, the value of which is also constant.

 The control system 8 in accordance with the program set by the operator, taking into account the position of the actuator 12, controlled by the sensor 9, and its functional purpose (car wheel, drive energy storage, etc.) at the right time generates a signal to open the valve 17. When the accumulator 5 and the hydraulic motor 4 are connected, due to the pulse of deformation of the fluid, the piston of the hydraulic motor moves, making a stroke and transferring energy to the actuator 12. Since the amount of fluid in the hydraulic accumulator 5 and the hydraulic motor 4 by the value of the dose of fuel received in the intermediate tank 18, less than the volume of liquid in the hydraulic accumulator 5 and in the pump 3, the pressure of the liquid in the hydraulic accumulator 5 decreases lower than the pressure when filling the hydraulic system, and is displaced from the tank 19 by the piston 20 through the non-return valve an additional volume of liquid that compensates for fuel consumption.

 When the actuator 12 moves in the opposite direction to the working one, the system 8 generates a signal to open the valves 16 and 13. The liquid from the cylinder of the hydraulic motor is displaced into the hydraulic accumulator 5, and the corresponding volume of liquid is displaced into the cylinder of the pump 3. The pressure in the hydraulic system is thus kept close to to refueling pressure, since the flowing volumes are small and hydraulic losses are negligible.

 The piston 2 displaced by the fluid moves to its original state (top dead center of the engine, leftmost position in the drawing). The exhaust gases through the open valve 13 are discharged, and through the check valve and the air intake to the air compression device 7 receives a fresh charge. When the device 7 is two-stage, air from the receiver 11 is compressed into its second stage, compressed by the first stage at the previous working stroke. When the piston reaches its extreme position, the valves 13 and 17 are closed and the installation returns to its original state, waiting for the next command from the control system program 8.

 Due to the fact that the hydraulic motor 4 and the hydraulic pump 3 are completely reversible, the inventive installation implements the energy recovery process, in which the hydraulic motor under the action of the actuator 12 generates a pulse of the deformed fluid in the hydraulic accumulator 5 (valve 16 must be closed) and, as described above, the pulse of the deformed fluid by the signal generated by the system 8 can be transmitted to another actuator that transfers energy to the storage device (flywheel, drive of a reversible electric machine, etc.). Thus, for example, when braking a car, the energy expended on its acceleration is returned. The inventive installation provides acceleration and braking without energy loss. Thus, it is similar to a pendulum or spring and can be called an energy pendulum.

 The operation of the claimed power plant is controlled by changing the frequency of the deformed fluid pulses generated by the engine and (or) changing the direction of transmission of the deformed fluid pulse from one element of the installation to another. These changes are made according to the signals from the control system 8, as described above. The signals are generated by system 8 according to a program set by the operator, which takes into account the position of actuators controlled by sensors 9, general parameters of the machine’s operation, for example, vehicle speed, the need to change it, etc., as well as the position of the elements of the power plant at a specific time each hydraulic line.

 By changing the frequency of fuel combustion in the engine cylinder, engine power can be adjusted. This is a fundamentally new method that allows you to get any pre-set average power without changing the occupancy of the cylinders and the composition of the working mixture. Setting the circuit to a specific mode can be carried out almost instantly (more precisely, during one stroke of the plunger) by changing the switching program of the corresponding valves. This allows you to use the frequency (pulse) method of power control, in which the charge weight in the cylinder and the composition of the fuel-air mixture remain constant. In this case, the ratio between the mass of fuel and air can be selected so that the percentage of harmful emissions in exhaust gases is constantly maintained at a minimum level.

 The frequency principle of power control requires a fundamentally new organization of the working process, when the internal combustion engine can stop the production of mechanical energy at any step, and at any other - make a working move. This feature is provided by the reservation of compressed air in the receiver 10, which allows you to create a workflow of the power plant with the integrated engine start process and to ensure the appearance of significant torque at zero rotation speed of the actuator wheel 12.

 With frequency control, useful power can vary over a wide range. In combination with the possibility of loading the engine "from the spot" we obtain a characteristic of the engine, which can operate without a gearbox and without clutch, which allows you to directly connect the engine to the wheel.

 Frequency control is basically software and can be implemented using a control system 8 based on a microprocessor that prepares a work execution program similar to a program for numerically controlled machines, when the alternation of work moves is reflected in binary code.

Thus, the proposed power plant, transmitting the mechanical energy generated by its functional elements to the wheels of the car according to the claimed method, provides:
- high liter power and low engine weight,
- high profitability,
- noiselessness
- the ability to pull off simultaneously with the launch of the internal combustion engine,
- lack of gearbox.

The calculations performed by the authors showed that for a car of the Zhiguli type, in order to accelerate it from 0 to 90 km / h in 10 s, a three-line hydro-pulse transmission with a working fluid with an elastic modulus E = 15000 kg / cm ² and the maximum created a pressure of 600 kg / cm ² (which is implemented by means known today in the art) has the following parameters:
the diameter of the pistons of the pump and the hydraulic motor - 1.25 cm;
piston stroke - 1.5 cm;
the volume of the accumulator is 46.3 cm ³ .

 Calculations showed that for a car of the Zhiguli type when driving outside the city, fuel consumption when using the claimed invention decreases to 2 liters per 100 kilometers, which certainly makes such a car competitive with the most modern cars.

 The dimensions and parameters of the power plant obtained as a result of the calculation can significantly reduce the weight and size characteristics of the car, using well-known materials and structural elements, which undoubtedly makes such a car competitive with the most modern.

Claims (12)

 1. The method of operation of the machine’s power plant, in which a mixture of air and fuel is burned in a cylinder with a movable piston, transforms the thermal energy of the working gases into mechanical energy and transfers the latter to the actuator using the hydraulic energy of the compressed liquid, with some of the energy used to compress the air supplied into a cylinder, characterized in that in each cycle the fuel in the engine cylinder is burned at the same process parameters, while hydraulic energy is received, stored and transmitted as defo energy fluidized fluid.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air and liquid are compressed first due to the energy of the working gases, and then due to the energy of the moving mass of the piston, while the air is compressed outside the engine cylinder to the parameters of the start of fuel combustion.  3. The method of regulating the operation of the power plant of the machine, which consists in changing the amount of energy produced by the engine by changing the amount of fuel supplied to the cylinder, in accumulating part of the energy for use as needed, and in transferring to the executive mechanism the amount of energy that it needs to perform useful work, characterized in that the amount of energy generated by the engine is changed by changing the frequency of the fuel combustion cycles in the engine cylinder, and the amount of energy and transmitted to the actuator is controlled by changing the frequency of the transmitted impulses of the deformed fluid, while the difference generated by the engine and the energy consumed by the actuator is compensated by the pulse located in the battery.  4. The power plant of the machine, comprising an engine cylinder with a differential piston installed in it, a hydraulic system including a hydraulic pump driven by a differential piston, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic accumulator, pipelines and valves, a fuel supply and ignition device, an air compression device, and a control system connected to the valves and equipped with position sensors, characterized in that the air compression device is driven by an intermediate stage of the differential piston and provided esiverom, wherein the volume of air compression device cylinder is practiced in 1,5 - 3,0 times less than engine cylinder volume.  5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the air compression device is made two-stage, while the cylinder volume of the first stage of the device is 1.5-3.0 times smaller than the volume of the engine cylinder.  6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the control system is programmable, the position sensors are mounted on the actuator and the valves are connected to the system, mounted on the exhaust gases from the engine cylinder, the supply of compressed air and fuel to this cylinder, at the outlet of the hydraulic pump and at the outlet to the hydraulic motor.  7. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that in one cylinder of the engine there are two differential pistons installed opposite.  8. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the fuel burned in the engine cylinder is used as the working fluid of the hydraulic system.  9. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the ignition and fuel supply device is connected to the accumulator through an intermediate tank equipped with a check valve.  10. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that several hydraulic motors are connected to one hydraulic accumulator through separate valves connected to the control system.  11. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that several hydraulic accumulators are connected to one hydraulic motor through separate valves connected to the control system.  12. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that several hydraulic motors are connected to several hydraulic accumulators through a hydraulic switch connected to the control system.