RU2117740C1 - Method for erection of vault - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this is used for erection and reconstruction of vaults made of brick and stone. According to method, vault is conditionally divided into two zones. Lower or first zone of vault which begins from abutment is built by placing successive rows of bricks using traditional methods of erection when mortar layer is spread for bedding and successive rows of bricks is placed on bedding. When bricklaying of first zone is finished, second zone which is located higher is respectively started from that row in which bricks can not be laid on mortar bedding by traditional methods because of substantial incline of mortar bedding to horizon. Bricks are placed in second zone of vault over shuttering by dry method that is with leaving clearances between bricks. After complete laying of bricks by dry method, clearances left between bricks are filled in pouring-in cast mortar. Application of aforesaid method allows due to substantial simplification of technology to increase productivity, reduce labour-intensity and to cut vault erection periods. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of vaults made of brick and stone.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed invention in its essence and the achieved result is a method of erecting a vault using classical technology, including installing formwork, laying bricks in successive rows in the direction from the heel of the vault to its key, dismantling the formwork (see N.I. Aistov, B .D. Vasiliev, V.F. Ivanov and others. The history of construction equipment. -L .: Gosstroyizdat, 1962, p. 123).

 The disadvantage of this method is that it is characterized by significantly the complexity of the work and the long duration of the construction of the arch with a relatively low productivity.

 The aim of the invention is to accelerate the production of works on the construction of the vault while increasing labor productivity and reducing the complexity of the work.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of erecting a vault, including installing formwork, laying bricks in successive rows in the direction from the heel of the vault to its key, dismantling the formwork, the lower, first, of the two zones of the vault, starting from its heel, is laid out in sequential rows with the traditional by building method, alternating over the entire horizontal section of the body of the arch, spreading the mortar bed layer and laying another row of bricks on it, while the laying of the first zone is completed, and the second, higher than that, respectively, they start on the same side when laying the bricks on the mortar bed by the traditional method is not possible due to the significant inclination of the last row of masonry of the first arch zone to the horizontal of the mortar bed; in the direction from the bottom of the second zone of the arch to its key, leaving gaps between the bricks, and after the bricks are completely laid dry, the gaps left between them in the second zone pour cast solution.

 Using the proposed method of erection of the arch allows, while increasing productivity and reducing labor intensity, significantly simplify the technology and reduce the time of its construction, and this is achieved by separately laying in the second, upper, arch zone, at first, only brick, and then only mortar. In turn, the rapid and large-scale filling of joints with cast mortar allows it to be compacted by vibrating the masonry with an appropriate vibrator, which increases the density of the mortar and, accordingly, the strength of the masonry of the arch.

 The proposed method is as follows. After the installation of the appropriate scaffolding and formwork for the construction of the arch and reconciliation from the situation, they proceed to the direct construction of the arch itself, tentatively dividing it into two zones. Moreover, the first, lower, zone starts from the heel of the arch, and the second, upper, zone is located above the first and ends with the key of the arch. In the first zone, the arch is laid out in consecutive rows by the traditional method of building, alternating over the entire horizontal section of the body of the arch, spreading the solution layer (mortar bed) and laying the next row, for example, bricks accordingly on this mortar bed. So gradually row after row, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the arch, the bricks are laid in the first zone of the arch. Moreover, the laying of the first zone is completed, and the second, upstream, zones, respectively, start the next, when laying which it is very difficult or practically impossible to lay bricks on the mortar bed by the traditional method due to the significant inclination of the mortar bed of the last row of the first masonry with respect to the horizon arch zones. For this reason, in the second zone of the arch, bricks are laid on the formwork dry, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the arch, in successive rows in the direction from the bottom of the second zone of the arch to its key, leaving the corresponding gaps between the bricks. After fully laying dry bricks in the second zone, the gaps left between them are poured with cast solution. And after the solution reaches the appropriate strength, the formwork is broken.

 If necessary, in order to speed up the work when laying bricks dry, it is with the required gaps that they are fastened in the second zone of the vault with appropriate clamps, which also prevent spontaneous displacement of the stacked bricks. Before filling in the second zone of the gaps between the bricks with a cast mortar, the bricks laid dry, if necessary, moisten with water. If necessary, to speed up the production of work while improving their quality after filling the gaps between the bricks with the cast mortar, the masonry of the second zone is vibrated, for example, with a surface vibrator.

 If necessary, small-block stones are used for laying arches.

 This method can significantly simplify the technology and reduce the time of construction of the arch with increasing strength of its masonry.

Claims (5)

 1. A method of erecting a vault, including installing formwork, laying bricks in successive rows in the direction from the heel of the vault to its key, disassembling the formwork, characterized in that the lower, first, of the two zones of the vault, starting from its heel, is laid out in successive rows using the traditional building method By alternating over the entire horizontal section of the body of the arch, spreading the mortar bed layer and laying another row of bricks on it, the masonry of the first zone is finished, and the second, higher located, zone, respectively, will begin they are placed next to it, when laying it is impossible to lay bricks on the mortar bed by the traditional method due to the significant inclination of the last row of masonry of the first arch zone to the horizon of the mortar bed, moreover, the bricks are laid in the second zone along the formwork dry symmetrically with respect to the arch axis, in successive rows in the direction from the bottom parts of the second zone of the arch to its key, leaving gaps between the bricks, and after fully laying dry bricks, the gaps left between them in the second zone are poured with cast solution.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second zone, during the laying of bricks dry, the latter is secured with clamps.  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that before filling in the second zone of the gaps between the bricks of the cast solution, the latter are wetted with water.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after filling the gaps between the bricks with the cast mortar, the masonry of the second zone vibrates.  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that small-block stones are used for laying the arch.