RU2113811C1 - Protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for individual protection from electric shock devices and other affecting factors, may be used in extreme situations. SUBSTANCE: protective clothing is manufactured from plated fabric made from yarn including metal threads combined with synthetic and natural filaments. Metal threads are connected to define continuous current-conductive circuit on all parts of surface to be protected. It allows electric current of electric shock device to be directed along closed metal threads omitting individual's body or into earth. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 9 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the creation of personal protective equipment against electric discharge (electroshock devices, barbed wire under current, etc.) and other damaging factors in the conditions of military operations, law enforcement, in the liquidation of accidents and other emergency situations. Protective clothing can be made in the form of suits, vests, gloves, handcuffs, aprons, trousers, protective pads for ordinary clothes, or combinations thereof. Protective clothing can be made for discreet wearing (worn under normal clothing).

 The invention is primarily intended to protect against the effects of passing through the body of electrical discharges, including from: electroshock devices in which the discharge occurs between two opposite electrical poles (electrodes) through the air gap and the human body when they are closer to the human body at a distance of less than 2 cm; electroshock devices in which a pair of electrodes penetrates directly into the human body; when overcoming obstacles that are energized (one eclectic phase and two), for example, when overcoming barriers made of barbed wire; when working in conditions of danger of damage from accidental current sources during accidents and other emergency situations.

 The operating principle of protective clothing is based on the creation of a layer in front of the human body that has electrical conductivity significantly exceeding the electrical conductivity of the human body or the creation of a conductive screen in front of the human body that allows electrodes to close a dangerous current source between them and thereby prevent current from penetrating the human body. One of the clothing options is the introduction along with a conductive grounding screen.

 Various types of protective clothing are known from the prior art, including those made of metallized fabric [1], which describes a yarn containing a bunch of natural or artificial fibers and a bunch of metal fibers from alloys based on Fe, Ni, Cu, Al or stainless steel. Electrically conductive clothing having high strength and wear resistance can be woven or knitted from yarn. The level of electrical conductivity of such clothes is sufficient only for removing discharges of electrostatic electricity.

 An analogue of the invention is protective clothing [2], made in the form of gloves, sleeves, aprons, devices for protecting the legs and head, etc. Clothing is made from metallized fabric made from yarn containing a metal core and a winding of natural or synthetic fibers. Clothing designed to protect against cuts. Such clothing is not effective against electroshock devices and other hazardous current sources. The structure of the fabric is rough and when the clothes interact with the electrode, the metal thread is isolated by winding from a textile thread, electrode closure does not occur and the discharge passes into the body. In addition, when clothes are sewn from individual parts cut out of metallized fabric, there are tears in metal threads, so an electric discharge can pass through the human body rather than through the protective structure.

 When sewing clothes from individual parts cut out of metallized fabric, these parts may be electrically insulated from each other. When heterogeneous electrodes get into electrically insulated areas, the discharge does not pass through the protective structure, but through the human body. Similarly, an electric shock occurs when one of the electrodes is ground (the pole of the electrode is grounded).

 The closest analogue of the proposed solution is protective clothing that protects a person from the effects of electric discharges passing through his body and contains a metallized fabric made of yarn that includes metal threads in compositions with synthetic and natural fibers [3]. However, this clothing does not provide a sufficient degree of protection for a person from the effects of electric current.

 The objective of the invention is to provide protection against electroshock devices, hazardous current sources in combination with protection from other damaging factors.

 This problem is solved due to the fact that in protective clothing containing a metallized fabric made of yarn, including metal threads in a composition with synthetic and natural fibers, the metallized fabric is located at least in the protected areas, and the protected areas of the clothing are made of a single cloth, metal threads which are combined into a continuous electrically conductive circuit in all areas of the protected surface.

 In addition, the problem is solved due to the fact that it contains metal wire or tape made of alloys based on iron, aluminum, titanium or nickel with a ratio of the content by weight of synthetic, natural fibers and metal threads (1 - 3): 4, as metallic filaments, it contains stainless steel wire 0.04 - 0.2 mm thick, strength 50 - 120 mg / kg • mm, metallized fabric made in the form of a sleeve from a knitted fabric, the number of loops of which per 1 dm is 35 - 55 and the number of looped posts Cove 1 dm is 55 - 105.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that the clothing is equipped with grounding, is made of several independent objects or of detachable parts, equipped with detachable contacts that provide electrical contact between themselves and between them and the ground, the clothing is equipped with a lining containing on the inner surface a sanitary tissue made of natural fibers and on the outer surface is an insulating material, it contains at least two protected areas separated from each other, the metal threads of which are connected in reryvnuyu conductive circuit by flexible conductive pads and metallised fabric is formed as a knitted fabric comprising uninsulated, bare metal wire, placed predominantly on the outer surface of the fabric.

 In FIG. 1 shows the interaction of the electrode with a woven material; in FIG. 2 - interaction of the electrode with a knitted material; in FIG. 3 - the appearance of the workpiece parts of clothing made in the form of a round sleeve with textile sections (workings) and a reinforced section containing a metal thread; in FIG. 4 is a view of a sleeve and gloves made according to the invention; in FIG. 5 is a view of a set of protective clothing assembled from parts cut from a continuous sleeve; in FIG. 6 - connection of adjacent parts of protective clothing overlapping, providing a detachable electrical contact; in FIG. 7 - connection of adjacent parts of protective clothing overlapping, providing one-piece electrical contact; in FIG. 8 - connection of adjacent parts of protective clothing, providing electrical contact using flexible conductive pads; in FIG. 9 - shape-forming fold (assembly).

Metallized fabric may have a knitted or woven structure. At the same time, the content of synthetic and natural fibers and metal threads should be in the range (1 - 3): 4 by weight, respectively. As metal filaments, a wire or tape made of electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant metals, for example, alloys based on iron, aluminum, titanium or nickel, or a steel wire, for example, stainless steel, with tensile strength in the range from 50 to 120 kg / mm ^{2 can be used} with a thickness of 0.04 - 0.2 mm and with a relative elongation of 0.5 - 40%.

 The type of textile fibers is determined by the specific operating conditions. For example, kapron threads (with metric number 9 or 13) provide optimal strength and manufacturability. In this case, the notch resistance (according to the NIIStal method) is 140 kg under static loading with a 6x4 bayonet knife of factory grinding.

The use of filaments of CBM fibers (aramid class) provides, in addition to increased (compared to nylon) cut resistance, suitability for working at elevated temperatures (stability of mechanical characteristics up to 400 ^o C, protection against burns and preservation of the structure after short-term (up to 30 s) contact with objects heated to 550 ^o C).

 Introduction to the structure of the fabric in various proportions (up to 90%) of cotton, wool and other natural fibers improves sanitary and hygienic characteristics, increasing breathability, hygroscopicity, softness, comfort, and does not cause other allergic irritating effects on the skin. In addition, fabrics reinforced with steel thread have increased wear resistance and high mechanical strength, which is important for creating special-purpose clothes (for military operations, actions in extreme situations - in areas of industrial accidents, etc.).

 Due to the difference in density, the metal thread occupies a much smaller volume in comparison with a textile thread of synthetic and natural fibers of equal strength and is more compact, which makes it hardly noticeable. The use of threads of various colors allows you to get clothes that practically do not differ from usual in appearance, for example, knitted sweaters, sweaters, overalls, gloves, etc.

 These qualities allow you to make work clothes that meet the standard requirements for it, but with new important qualities.

Protective clothing should be made combined: have local or circular protection zones of the described type; be multilayer, including with the front and back layers made of other materials; performed on the basis of ordinary clothes for various purposes with local or circular protection located between its front and lining layers; have layers of electrical insulating materials on the front and / or back side; performed in composition with protective structures for other purposes (bulletproof, anti-radiation, anti-chemical, fire retardant). This provides not only additional protection against electrical discharge, but also increases reliability from the main factor of influence. For example, the presence of a layer of high strength and fairly light (0.5 - 1.5 kg / m ² ) structure with a metal wire will reliably protect the chemical protection suit from film material like OZK (combined arms protective kit) from ordinary mechanical damage.

 In addition, it should be noted that when using metallized fabric of a knitted structure, the flexibility of clothes is significantly increased in comparison with the woven structure (Fig. 1 and 2, pos. 1 - metal threads, pos. 2 - textile threads). In the woven structure, the threads are oriented linearly and bend under the action of a normally applied load (Fig. 1), and with a knitted structure, the loops in adjacent rows can rotate, shift towards each other and therefore have significantly less deformation resistance (Fig. 2), the structure itself It stretches well in all directions.

 On a woven material (Fig. 1), when exposed to the electrode 3, the filaments easily move apart and the electrode penetrates the protective material, the electrode touches the metal thread at a point, the electrical contact is unreliable (Fig. 3). On knitted material, the electrode 3 always falls into a loop, which, elastically stretched, tightly covers it from all sides, providing reliable electrical contact and a safe electrical discharge (Fig. 2).

 The most suitable for these purposes is the knitted structure obtained on flat-woven knitting machines of the 10th class (PVRK-10) (when weaving "tubular surface"). In this case, the metallized fabric is made in the form of a sleeve from a knitted fabric, in which the density of knitting should be: the number of looped rows per 1 dm 35 - 55; the number of looped posts per 1 dm 55 - 105.

 X18N9TVI stainless steel wire (for example, 0.1 mm thick) provides: the best technological properties (other types of threads in terms of thickness, chemical composition, manufacturing technology, physical and mechanical properties lead to twisting of elastic loops during processing, to form knots from loops that do not pass into the eye of the yarn guide and break the thread); the best operational properties (web quality, elasticity, comfort); the best protective properties (due to the increased density of knitting and the specific content of the wire); the optimal ratio of strength and protective properties with convenience and manufacturability; reliable electrical contact with the electrode and adjacent loops in rows and columns; high corrosion resistance.

 The provision of these properties is also achieved due to the vacuum-induction remelting of the metal used in the manufacture of wire, since this increases the strength properties and ductility, high surface quality is achieved, and corrosion resistance is increased.

 To ensure the continuity of the threads (Fig. 3 - 5) and loop contacts, it is advisable to cut the product from a continuous sleeve 4 (knit on flat-walled semiautomatic devices of the PVRK type), and in the places of narrowing perform forming folds (forming assemblies) 5 without cutting the material (Fig. 5 and 9). In the places of expansion, stretching of the sleeve is possible to exclude a cut.

 In the manufacture of the product from several detachable parts or from several separate items of clothing (Fig. 4 and 5) they are equipped with detachable contacts, providing them with electrical contact between themselves and between them and the ground. For example, it is advisable to make a detachable electrical contact (button) 6 between them (Fig. 5 and 6) or a one-piece electric contact (rivet) 7 (Fig. 5 and 7), or to connect parts using conductive plates 8 (Fig. 5 and 8 ) In addition, the clothes can be provided with a lining containing on the inner surface a hygienic fabric of natural fibers and an insulating material on the outer surface.

 To ensure grounding, conductive soles 9 can be worn on the shoes, detachably or permanently connected to the metal elements of protective clothing.

 Carrying out clothes, namely a protective suit from round sleeves with a section of fabric reinforced with metal thread 10 using textile section (working out) 11 (unreinforced fabric with metal thread at its beginning and end), it is possible to exclude the formation of sharp stitching wire ends at cutting sites and increase manufacturability products (Fig. 3). In this case, the details of the clothes are interconnected using electrical contacts (pads 8), shown in FIG. eight.

 Example 1. For the manufacture of clothing used wire brand X19H9T with a thickness of about 0.1 mm, which has optimal strength, elasticity, conductive properties and manufacturability. As the basis of the fabric used sewing thread kapron 10 K or thread CBM. To develop the fabric, we used a semiautomatic machine of the 10th class PVRK knitting grade to obtain a weaving “weave surface”, the number of loop rows per 1 dm is 40, the number of loop stitches per 1 dm is 80. The ratio by weight in the fabric to textile reaches 1 : 4.

 Performing clothes, namely a protective suit from round sleeves, using a textile section (working off) at its beginning and end, eliminates the formation of sharp stitching wire ends at cutting sites and increases the manufacturability of the product.

 During testing, manufactured clothing showed its protection effectiveness. (There is a positive conclusion from the S. Kirov Military Medical Academy about the use of samples for protection against the action of electroshock devices (OSHU)).

 At the same time, it was found that neither when using recording devices, nor according to the subjective assessment of the testers, any effects associated with the passage of electric current under protective clothing when exposed to ESA were found.

 Example 2. Protective clothing made according to example 1 and additionally equipped with a lining. The lining on the inner surface contains a hygienic fabric made of natural fibers (cotton flannel), and on the outer surface - an insulating material in the form of a rubberized coating.

 Example 3. Protective clothing is made in the form of sleeves from a metallized fabric made in the form of a seamless knitted fabric (sleeve), in which a metal thread is braided with a layer of nylon fibers and a layer of nylon. Synthetic fiber was removed from the outer surface of the sleeve in one embodiment by heat treatment, and in another by chemical dissolution. The resulting product has a bare metal thread placed on the outer surface of the clothing fabric.

Claims (9)

 1. Protective clothing containing a metallized fabric made of yarn comprising metal threads in a composition with synthetic and natural fibers, characterized in that the metallized fabric is located at least on the protected areas, and the protected areas of the clothing are made of a single cloth, metal threads which are combined into a continuous electrically conductive circuit in all areas of the protected surface.  2. Clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains metal wire or tape made of alloys based on iron, aluminum, titanium or nickel with a ratio by weight of synthetic, natural fibers and metal threads (1 - 3): 4. . 3. Clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal threads it contains a stainless steel wire is 0.04 - 0.2 mm, strength 50 - 120 kg / mm ^2.  4. Clothing under item 1, characterized in that the metallized fabric is made in the form of a sleeve from a knitted fabric, the number of loops in which 1 dm is 35 - 55 and the number of looped posts per 1 dm is 55 - 105.  5. Clothing under item 1, characterized in that it is equipped with grounding.  6. Clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of several independent objects or of detachable parts equipped with detachable contacts that provide electrical contact between themselves and between them and the ground.  7. Clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a lining containing on the inner surface a hygienic fabric of natural fibers and an insulating material on the outer surface.  8. Clothing under item 1, characterized in that it contains at least two separated from each other to be protected areas, the metal threads of which are connected in a continuous conductive circuit using flexible conductive pads.  9. Clothing under item 1, characterized in that the metallized fabric is made in the form of a knitted fabric containing uninsulated bare metal thread, located mainly on the outer surface of the fabric.

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