RU211278U1 - Noise sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of measuring physical quantities, in particular to noise level measuring instruments, and can be used in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting objects using the DALI protocol profiled for them. The noise sensor, which includes a microphone 5, connected through an operational amplifier 6 to a microcontroller 8 with a built-in analog-to-digital converter 9 and interface input and output, and a power supply unit 11 of the microcontroller 8, is equipped with an interface bus 4, including a positive wire DALI+ and a negative wire DALI-, and the microcontroller 8 is equipped with transmitting 18 and receiving 13 transistor switches, of which the receiving key 13 is made on a bipolar npn transistor 14, the collector of which is connected to the interface input of the microcontroller 8 with the built-in pull-up resistor 10 turned on, the emitter is connected to the wire of the DALI interface bus 4, while the emitter junction of the transistor 14 is shunted by a resistor 15 connected between the emitter and the base, and the base is connected through a series-connected current-limiting resistor 16 and a zener diode 17 with a DALI + wire of the interface bus 4, and the transmitting key 18 is made on an n-type field effect transistor 19 , the drain of which is connected to the DALI+ wire face bus 4, the source is connected to the wire of the DALI-interface bus 4, and the gate is connected to the interface output of the microcontroller 8. The technical result consists in enabling the use of a noise sensor in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting objects using the DALI profile protocol for them. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the technical field of measuring physical quantities, in particular to noise level measuring instruments, and can be used in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting objects using the DALI protocol profiled for them.

A noise sensor is known, which contains a microphone, an amplifier, a sampling module (ADC), a digital signal processor and a single-chip microcomputer connected in series with each other, as well as a wireless data transmission module, the wireless data transmission module being connected to the signal output port of the digital signal processor ( patent CN No. 202420666 U, published 09/05/2012).

The mentioned sensor is quite functional and easy to maintain, however, it has a significant drawback - a limited scope, since it cannot be integrated into digital environmental monitoring systems using the DALI protocol due to the lack of an appropriate output interface.

A noise sensor is known, which contains a series-connected sound-conducting device, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter module (hereinafter referred to as ADC) and a microprocessor, while the sound-conducting device is used to collect sound signals and convert sound signals into a simulated voltage, the amplifier is used to reduce the impedance of voltage signals to obtain low impedance voltage signals, the AD sampling module is used to convert low impedance voltage signals into digital signals, the microprocessor is used to obtain the calculated parameters needed to calculate the sound pressure level and send the data to an upstream processor, which is used to analyze the sound pressure level (CN patent No. 201637481 U, published 11/17/2010).

The mentioned sensor is quite functional and easy to maintain, however, it has a significant drawback - a limited scope, since it cannot be integrated into digital environmental monitoring systems using the DALI protocol due to the lack of an appropriate output interface.

The closest to the claimed - the prototype - is a noise sensor based on the Linux operating system, which includes a microphone, an operational amplifier, a microcontroller with an integrated analog-to-digital converter and an SPI interface, the microphone is connected to the operational amplifier, the operational amplifier is connected to the ADC of the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is connected to the Linux motherboard via the SPI interface (CN patent No. 214502661 U, published 10/26/2021).

The mentioned prototype is quite functional and easy to manufacture and maintain, however, it has a significant drawback - a limited scope, since it cannot be integrated into distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on outdoor lighting objects using the DALI protocol profiled for them due to the lack of an appropriate interface. Informational: such a distributed digital environmental monitoring system was implemented as part of the KULON program of Sandraks LLC (www.kulon.su [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://www.kulon.su/catalog/products-QULON/, free - (02/22/2022) The advantages of using a lighting control system for environmental monitoring include its presence almost everywhere (there is no need to create a new network), a very wide and dense branching, the convenience of placing the appropriate sensors on supports, brackets, panels, etc. .p. lighting, its reliability and noise immunity.

The technical problem is to eliminate the noted shortcomings of the known technical solutions.

The technical result consists in enabling the use of a noise sensor in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting objects using the DALI protocol profiled for them.

The problem is solved, and the claimed technical result is achieved in that the noise sensor, which includes a microphone connected via an operational amplifier to a microcontroller with a built-in analog-to-digital converter and interface input and output, and a microcontroller power supply, is equipped with an interface bus that includes a positive DALI + wire and a negative DALI- wire connected to the circuit ground (Common circuit), and the microcontroller is equipped with transmitting and receiving transistor keys, of which the receiving key is made on a bipolar n-p-n transistor, the collector of which is connected to the interface input of the microcontroller with a built-in pull-up resistor, emitter connected to the wire of the DALI- interface bus, while the emitter junction of the transistor is shunted by a resistor connected between the emitter and the base, and the base is connected through a series-connected current-limiting resistor and a zener diode with the wire of the DALI+ interface bus, and the transmitting switch is made on a field t n-type resistor, the drain of which is connected to the DALI+ wire of the interface bus, the source is connected to the DALI- wire of the interface bus, and the gate is connected to the interface output of the microcontroller.

The utility model is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a block diagram of the claimed noise sensor.

Numerical positions in the drawing mean the following:

1 - DALI+ interface wire;

2 - interface wire DALI-, combined with circuit ground GND;

3 - circuit ground (GND);

4 - interface bus;

5 - microphone;

6 - operational amplifier;

7 - integrating amplifier output circuit;

8 - microcontroller;

9 - analog-to-digital converter (ADC);

10 - built-in pull-up resistor (PULL-UP) of the microcontroller input;

11 - power supply;

12 - power outlets for noise sensor components;

13 - receiving transistor key;

14 - bipolar n-p-n transistor;

15 - resistor shunting the emitter junction of a bipolar n-p-n transistor;

16 - current limiting resistor;

17 - zener diode;

18 - transmitting transistor key;

19 - n-type field effect transistor;

20 - zero-level clamping resistor.

In accordance with the claimed utility model, the noise sensor contains a microphone 5 connected through an operational amplifier 6 to a microcontroller 8 with a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 9 and interface input and output, and a power supply unit 11 of the microcontroller 8. As shown in the drawing, it is advisable that the output of the operational amplifier 6 be connected directly to the first input, and through the integrating circuit 7 to the second input of the ADC 9.

In this part, the claimed technical solution is identical to the prototype. Unlike the prototype, the DALI interface with bus 4 was used as an interface, including the first 1 interface wire DALI + and the second 2 interface wire DALI-, combined with the circuit ground GND 3. The power supply 11 of the microcontroller 8 has a positive and GND (minus / circuit ground /case) outputs that feed the microcontroller 8 and the amplifier 5, in addition, the power supply 11 can provide power taps for 12 separate components of the noise sensor. The microcontroller 8 is provided with interface input and output and transmitting 18 and receiving 13 transistor switches interacting with them. The receiving key 13 is made on a bipolar n-p-n transistor 14, the emitter (hereinafter referred to as transistor elements correspond to their standard symbols on the symbols used in the present drawing) of which is connected to the second 2 wire of the bus 4, the collector is connected to the interface input of the microcontroller 8 with the built-in pull-up resistor PULL-UP 10 turned on, and the emitter is connected to the second wire 2 of the mentioned bus 4, while the emitter junction of the transistor 14 is shunted by a resistor 15 connected between the emitter and the base, and the base is connected through a series-connected current-limiting resistor 16 and a zener diode 17 ( information: the sequence of installing the resistor 16 and the zener diode 17 one after another is not significant) with the first wire 1 of the mentioned bus 4. The transmitting key 18 is made on an n-type field effect transistor 19, the drain of which is connected to the first 1 wire of the bus 4, the source is connected to the second 2 bus wire 4, and the gate is connected to the interface output of the microcontroller lera 11.

The claimed noise sensor works as follows.

The polling and data collection of the noise sensor (multiple noise sensors) is carried out via the DALI interface from the higher controller (not shown). Recall that the DALI interface is a bidirectional two-wire digital interface, oriented for primary use in lighting technology. DALI wires (DALI+ and DALI) are powered from outside by a special power supply 12 - 22 V with a current limiting function, normalized in value within the limits specified in the standard (0.25 A). The DALI wires 1 and 2 between the higher-level computer and the microcontroller 8 of the noise sensor transmit bit streams of data bidirectionally. Microphone 5 receives the sound, converting it into an alternating voltage amplified by the operational amplifier 6. The signal is then fed to the input of the ADC 9 of the microcontroller 8. In addition, smoothed by the integrating circuit 7 to a constant level, the specified voltage is supplied to the second input of the ADC 9. This signal indicates the level constant offset of the zero signal. The microcontroller 8, in turn, processes the received voltage readings, calculating the noise level based on them, and at the same time works under the control of a higher controller, communicating with it through the transmitting 18 and receiving 13 transistor switches via the DALI interface implemented in bus 4. In the transmitting the key 18 includes an n-type field effect transistor 19. When the transistor 19 of the transmitting key 18 arrives at the gate of the transistor 19 of the transmitting key 18 from the microcontroller 8 of a high level, the key 18 opens and closes the DALI+ wire to GND, forming a low level on the bus 4. , flowing through the key 18, is also normalized in magnitude. When the key 18 arrives at the gate from the low level microcontroller 8, the key 18 closes and opens the DALI+ and GND wires, a high level is formed on bus 4. Accordingly, the sequence of high and low levels (bits) forms a sequential binary code. The bit stream itself is formed by the microcontroller 8.

The receiving key 13 includes a bipolar n-p-n transistor 14. At a low level on the DALI+ wire, the voltage at the base of the transistor 14 of the key 13 is also low, the key 13 is also closed at the interface input of the microcontroller 8, which has a pull-up turned on to a high level (the built-in pull-up is turned on). PULL UP resistor 10) is high. At a high level on the DALI+ wire, exceeding the sum of the stabilization voltage of the zener diode 17 and the voltage drop at the emitter junction of the key 13, the base current flows through the input circuit of the key 13, the key 13 is open, and a low level is formed at the interface input of the microcontroller 8. Processing of the received bit stream is also carried out by the microcontroller 8.

Thus, the bidirectional digital interface formed in the noise sensor makes it possible to use the sensor (many sensors) in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting control systems (outdoor, road, urban, rural, etc.) using the DALI protocol.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that the identified problem has been solved, and the claimed technical result - enabling the use of a noise sensor in distributed digital environmental monitoring systems based on lighting objects using the DALI protocol profiled for them - has been achieved.

Claims (1)

A noise sensor, including a microphone connected via an operational amplifier to a microcontroller with a built-in analog-to-digital converter and interface input and output, and a microcontroller power supply, characterized in that it is equipped with an interface bus that includes a positive DALI+ wire and a negative DALI- wire, and the microcontroller equipped with transmitting and receiving transistor switches, of which the receiving switch is made on a bipolar n-p-n transistor, the collector of which is connected to the interface input of the microcontroller with a built-in pull-up resistor, the emitter is connected to the DALI-interface bus wire, while the emitter junction of the transistor is shunted by a resistor connected between the emitter and the base, and the base is connected through a series-connected current-limiting resistor and a zener diode with the DALI+ wire of the interface bus, and the transmitting switch is made on an n-type field effect transistor, the drain of which is connected to the DALI+ wire of the interface bus, the source is connected to wire of the DALI interface bus, and the gate is connected to the interface output of the microcontroller.

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