RU211075U1 - Portable device for electro-hydraulic water treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of disinfection (disinfection) of liquids, including drinking water, from microbiological objects and can be used in any industry, in the process of water treatment, in everyday life, military or tourist conditions, away from power sources. It is possible to use the utility model in other branches of science and technology that use technologies based on the electro-hydraulic effect. The portable device contains a power source, a rectifier diode, a storage capacitor, a resistor, and a working element. The device contains a housing in which the indicated power source is placed, made in the form of a storage battery, a resistor, a rectifier diode, as well as a second rectifier diode, two high-voltage pulse generators operating in series in the form of flyback voltage converters and a gas-filled spark gap. The outputs of the high-voltage pulse generators are connected to a block of storage capacitors connected in series with a central tap. The gas discharger is connected in parallel with a block of storage capacitors. The working body contains two gas-filled spark gaps connected in series with an open hydraulic spark gap made in the form of a negative spiral electrode and a positive central insulated electrode. EFFECT: ensuring maximum voltage at minimum weight and size parameters of the device, ensuring simplicity and safety of its use for any user. 4 w.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of disinfection (disinfection) of liquids, including drinking water, from microbiological objects and can be used in any industry, in the process of water treatment, in everyday life, military or tourist conditions, away from power sources. It is possible to use the utility model in other branches of science and technology that use technologies based on the electro-hydraulic effect.

State of the art

Currently, there are many varieties of devices for electrohydraulic treatment of liquids, the operation of which is based on the passage of an electric arc pulsed discharge between electrodes placed in a liquid.

From the prior art, a device is known for cleaning and disinfecting liquids, mainly drinking and waste water [1], the design, electrical circuit and principle of operation of which are discussed in detail in the book by Lev Yutkin [2] on page 13, fig. 1.2, on page 88, fig. 3.1 and on pages 216-217, fig. 6.5. From the description and drawings it follows that the device for electrohydraulic processing consists of the main elements: a transformer that increases the voltage up to 50-100 kV, a rectifier diode, at least one storage capacitor with a capacity of 1 μF or more, at least one open-type spark gap that forms an air spark gap, and a container in which a spark gap is mounted, which forms a working spark gap in the liquid. To achieve the maximum effect of disinfection, it is recommended to use a cylindrical and narrow container through which the entire volume of the treated liquid would be pumped - in this design, a pump will be required to pump the liquid. A disadvantage of the known device is the need for a permanent connection to a source of alternating mains voltage of 220 V for the operation of a step-up transformer, as well as large dimensions and, as a result, lack of mobility. Also, the disadvantages include the difficulty of using it outside a special allotted production area that meets safety regulations and the need for maintenance by qualified personnel.

The closest in technical essence and achieved positive result is the device described in the article "Development of a laboratory electro-hydraulic installation for water disinfection" [3]. The device has the following elements: a power source (power supply) that lowers the AC voltage from 220 to 10 V, a horizontal transformer, a rectifier diode, a storage capacitor with a capacity of 1 μF, an open-type arrester that forms an air spark gap, and a container with steel electrodes of the arrester, which forms a working spark gap in the liquid. The circuit allows you to receive discharges with voltages up to 10 kV. The disadvantage is the need for a permanent connection to a source of alternating mains voltage of 220 V. Despite the much smaller dimensions compared to the first analogue, the prototype still has low mobility, and its use requires the user to have the necessary knowledge of electrical safety and therefore is impossible in a domestic environment.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the claimed technical solution is to create a portable, safe and easy-to-use device for electro-hydraulic water treatment.

The technical result provided by this technical solution is to provide the maximum voltage with the minimum weight and size parameters of the device while ensuring the simplicity and safety of its use for any user.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for electrohydraulic water treatment, containing a power source, a rectifier diode, a storage capacitor, a resistor, a working body, is characterized in that it contains a housing in which the said power source is placed, made in the form of a battery, a resistor, a rectifier diode, as well as a second rectifier diode, two series-operating high-voltage pulse generators in the form of flyback voltage converters, the outputs of which are connected to a block of series-connected storage capacitors with a central tap, and a gas-filled spark gap connected in parallel to a block of storage capacitors, while the working body contains two gas-filled spark gaps connected in series with an open hydraulic spark gap made in the form of a negative spiral electrode, and a positive central insulated electrode.

The use of a connection scheme for the device components in the form of two series-operating high-voltage pulse generators, two rectifier diodes, the outputs of which are connected to a block of series-connected storage capacitors with a central tap, as well as the use of gas-filled spark gaps, can significantly reduce the size of the device without reducing the power of electrical discharges, which allows place all the components of the device in a single case, including the power supply, which occupies a significant volume of the internal space of the case, which together ensures the energy independence of the device and increases its mobility.

The principle of operation of the device is based on the occurrence of a series of pulsed high-voltage electrical discharges in a liquid between the electrodes of a hydraulic arrester - this phenomenon is known as the electro-hydraulic effect. Around the zone of formation of discharges, with each pulse, an ultra-high hydraulic pressure arises, spreading throughout the volume of the treated liquid. Also, the electrohydraulic effect has a powerful complex effect on the liquid: strong cavitation phenomena, the appearance of plasma and the formation of ozone, ultraviolet radiation, intense ionization and recombination processes of ions in the discharge zone, ultrasonic radiation, electromagnetic fields of discharges - all this contributes to the active death of the microflora of the liquid [2 ].

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed solution is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the claimed device from above.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the claimed device from below with an attached working body.

In FIG. 3 shows the connection diagram of the main components of the device.

In FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a high-voltage generator.

Implementation of the utility model

A portable device for electro-hydraulic water treatment consists of two main parts: the main unit (21) and a removable working body (13).

The body of the main unit includes a storage battery (1), an electronic relay (2) for controlling the device, two high-voltage pulse generators (3, 4), two high-voltage rectifier diodes (5, 6), a block of high-voltage storage capacitors (7), a protective gas discharger (8), high-resistance resistor (9), high-voltage socket (10).

The working body consists of a high-voltage plug (10), two gas-filled arresters (11, 12) and an open hydraulic arrester (14).

A chemical current source is used as a power source - a rechargeable lithium-ion battery with a nominal voltage of 11.1 V, consisting of three 18650 form factor cells connected in series. The use of cylindrical cells allows rational use of the internal space of the case. The battery is provided with a connector (15) for charging with a suitable charger.

A relay with digital time indication (19) is used to control the device.

To obtain the required level of operating voltage and sufficient discharge power with a small size of the device, two high-voltage pulse generators operating in series are used, each of which is capable of creating voltage pulses up to 6 kV. The power consumption of each generator is 22 watts.

The high-voltage pulse generator (HVP) is a flyback voltage converter (Fig. 1) and operates on the principle of energy accumulation in the inductor core from the primary winding at the first stage of operation and transfer of the accumulated energy to the secondary winding during the second stage of operation. There is a transformation of a direct voltage of 12 V into a high-frequency pulsed voltage of 6 kV. The basis of this circuit is a square-wave generator on an integrated circuit NE555 in the SO-8 package. The microcircuit is given an operating frequency of 30 ± 3 kHz. The key to this circuit is the N-channel MOSFET (IRFP4332PBF). The inductor is a high-voltage pulse transformer, consisting of a magnetic open rod core, with two windings arranged concentrically. The primary single-layer winding contains 35 turns. The secondary multi-section winding contains 3500 turns.

The use of a flyback high-voltage converter makes it possible to achieve the maximum voltage at the output of the transformer with its minimum weight and size parameters.

The outputs of the high-voltage pulse generators are connected to a section of series-connected capacitors (2-8 pcs.) with a central tap, forming the left and right arms of the capacitor bank. Each arm is charged from its own GVP, and at the moment of spark breakdown, the voltage on both arms is summed up and reaches a value of up to 12 kV.

To rectify the high-frequency pulsed voltage, two high-voltage ultrafast diodes are used, connected in such a way that they pass through themselves only the reverse self-induction pulse from the transformers.

It has been experimentally established that the total capacitance of a series-connected capacitor bank for a pronounced electro-hydraulic effect must be at least 0.1 μF.

To protect the entire high-voltage circuit of the device from overvoltage in case of accidental switching on of a portable device without a working element, a gas-filled spark gap with a breakdown voltage of 12 kV is used, connected in parallel with a capacitor bank.

High-voltage diodes, storage capacitors, a protective spark gap and a high-voltage connector socket are isolated from parasitic electrical breakdowns with an electrically insulating material (compound).

To protect the user from accidental electric shock, a high-resistance resistor (9) is included in the circuit in parallel with the contacts of the high-voltage connector, which serves to smoothly remove the charge from the capacitors of the device.

The working body is made in the form of a cylinder, the inner space of which is filled with electrical insulating material to protect against parasitic electrical discharges. Gas-filled arresters, which are used for shock discharge of storage capacitors at the moment of breakdown of spark gaps, are designed for a breakdown voltage of 3.5 kV. The gap between the electrodes of the hydraulic arrester is 0.5-1.0 mm. Since the discharge circuit consists of series-connected gas-filled arresters and a hydraulic arrester, the breakdown voltage in this configuration is 10-11 kV. This is the optimal value for frequent (500 per minute) and strong (8 J) discharges. The negative electrode of the hydraulic discharger, which forms the working spark gap in the liquid, is made in the form of an uninsulated spiral of VT-1-0 titanium alloy, and the positive central insulated electrode is made of VT-6 titanium alloy. The use of two gas-filled arresters of 3.5 kV instead of one of 7 kV, as well as the use of a negative electrode in the form of a spiral in order to increase the area, contributes to an increase in the steepness of the discharge front. In addition, the spiral serves as a damper against powerful destructive hydraulic loads, and also makes it easy to adjust the spark gap after it increases due to wear of the electrodes.

The device works as follows: before starting work, it is required to connect the working body (13) to the main unit (21) through the connector located at the base of the housing (Fig. 2). The device must be placed above the liquid container so that the liquid level is not higher than the mark on the body of the working body. After turning on the toggle switch (16), using the buttons of the time relay (20), the desired time in seconds for water treatment is set, and to start the treatment, the treatment start button (18) is pressed. The device will automatically stop processing after the set time has elapsed. Sufficient for disinfection processing time is 45 seconds. For storage, the device must be turned off, removed and, if necessary, washed with the working body under running water. The display (17) serves as an indicator of the battery charge level. Charging the batteries of the device is carried out using the connector (15).

Device Options

- Power consumption: 45W.

- Battery life: 30-50 minutes (depending on battery capacity).

- Dimensions of the base block (length×width×height): 85×85×100 mm.

- Working body dimensions (length×width×height): 24×24×70 mm.

- Weight: 600 g.

Experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of the proposed portable device for water disinfection. For the study, water with a volume of 0.5 l was used, infected with the bacterium E. coli with a concentration of 4.6 × 10 ⁶ colony-forming units per milliliter. The results of the experiments showed that absolutely all bacteria died after 10-15 seconds of treatment. For comparison: in a natural reservoir not polluted with household waste, the concentration of bacteria is 500-600 times lower than in the liquid processed during the experiment.

Thus, the claimed device has a high efficiency of liquid disinfection, but at the same time it has low weight and size parameters, is autonomous and, due to its design, provides a simple, safe application for any user.

Sources of fame

1. a.s. No. 225799 USSR. / L.A. Yutkin, L.I. Goltsov; dec. 02.01.58; 01.01.1983 publ., Bull. No. 18.

2. Yutkin L.A. Electrohydraulic effect and its application in industry. L.: Mashinostroenie, 1986. - 253 p.

3. Belov A.A. Development of a laboratory electro-hydraulic installation for water disinfection / A.A. Belov // Electrical technologies and electrical equipment in the agro-industrial complex. - 2020. - T. 67. - No. 2 (39). - S. 3-7.

Claims (5)

1. A portable device for electro-hydraulic water treatment, containing a power source, a rectifier diode, a storage capacitor, a resistor, a working body, characterized in that it contains a housing in which the said power source is placed, made in the form of a battery, a resistor, a rectifier diode, and also a second rectifier diode, two series-operating high-voltage pulse generators in the form of flyback voltage converters, the outputs of which are connected to a block of series-connected storage capacitors with a central tap, and a gas-filled spark gap connected in parallel to a block of storage capacitors, while the working body contains two gas-filled spark gaps, connected in series with an open hydraulic discharger, made in the form of a negative spiral electrode, and a positive central insulated electrode. 2. The portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive central insulated electrode and the negative spiral electrode are made of a titanium alloy. 3. Portable device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the working body is made removable in the form of a cylinder, the inner space of which is filled with electrically insulating material. 4. The portable device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the case is equipped with a relay with the ability to turn off the timer. 5. The portable device according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery is a lithium-ion battery consisting of three 18650 form factor cells connected in series, outputs a nominal voltage of 11.1 V and is equipped with a charging connector located outside the device case .

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