RU211073U1 - DRIVE FOR GRAIN SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to agricultural engineering. A grain fertilizer seeder drive is proposed, containing: the first (202), the second (205) and the third (208) chain, the first (201) and the second (203) sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (202) is put on the first (201) sprocket , and the distal one - on the mentioned second (203) sprocket, the mentioned first (201) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the battery of rollers of the mentioned seeder, and the mentioned second (203) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the frame of the said battery of rollers, the third (204 ) and the fourth (206) sprocket, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (205) is put on the mentioned third (204), and the distal one - on the mentioned fourth (206) sprocket, the mentioned third (204) sprocket is installed on the same shaft with the mentioned second ( 203) with an asterisk, and said fourth sprocket (206) is mounted on the intermediate axle (207) with the possibility of rotation, the first (215) and second (215') variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft and given in the said housing transmission mechanisms, while the drive shaft of the mentioned first variator is kinematically connected with the shaft of the grain sowing machine of the mentioned seeder, and the drive shaft of the mentioned second variator is kinematically connected with the shaft of the fertilizer machine, the fifth (209), the sixth (210) and the seventh (210' ) sprocket, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned third chain (208) is put on the mentioned fifth (209) sprocket, and the distal half-loop - simultaneously on the sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprocket, while the mentioned fifth (209) sprocket is installed on one shaft with said fourth (206) sprocket, and said sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets are mounted on the input shafts of said first (215) and second (215') variator. EFFECT: reduced wear of drive mechanism elements.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE UTILITY MODEL RELATES

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and more specifically, to the drives of grain fertilizer seeders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Known planter-cultivator SKP-2,1 stubble for sowing grain and leguminous crops with simultaneous rolling of sown seeds and fertilizers, containing a frame mounted on a frame on a parallelogram mechanism, a front full-revolving self-aligning support with one or two pneumatic wheels, working bodies, a rolling roller, hydraulic cylinder, and a grain-fertilizer box with grain and fertilizer sowing machines, a towing device and a drive mechanism for sowing machines [1].

In FIG. 1 shows the drive mechanism of the sowing and fertilizer devices of the previously known design of the SKP-2.1 seeder. The drive mechanism known from [1] transmits torque to the shafts of grain and fertilizer machines and consists of chain and gear drives. From the 7-tooth sprocket 101 mounted on the roller battery shaft, the rotation is transmitted by the roller chain 102 to the 12-tooth sprocket 103 mounted on the roller frame shaft. The sprocket 103 has ratchet cams on the left end that engage with the cams of the 16-tooth sprocket 104. The sprocket 114 serves to tension the chain 102. The roller chain 105 rotates from the 16-tooth sprocket to a replaceable sprocket 106 mounted on a plain bearing and rotating shaft 107 grain machines. Next, the sleeve-roller chain 105 rotation is transmitted to the sprocket 108 mounted on the sleeve 109 of the frame 110.

The gear 111, mounted on the sleeve 109, rotates the gear 112 mounted on the shaft 113 of the fertilizer apparatus. Gears 111 and 112 are interchangeable, and in various combinations, by changing the gear ratio, provide a rough (preliminary) adjustment of the fertilizer seeding rate. Switching on and off the drive mechanism of the seeding units is made by a cam-type uncoupler. The sprocket 115 serves to tension the chain 105.

Disconnector end cams (stamped, with four spherical projections) are mounted on the roller frame shaft. The movable cam 116, fixed on the shaft of the frame of the rollers, turning together with the frame when the openers of the module are deepened, shifts the cam 117 along the axis, which is fixed with its leash on the bracket of the module frame. The cam 117, moving, abuts against the collar of the sleeve, on the threaded end of which the ratchet sprocket 104 is fixed and disengages it from the ratchet sprocket 103, thereby turning off the drive mechanism.

When the openers are deepened, the sprocket 104, together with the cam 117, returns to its original position under the action of the spring.

The drive mechanism in the well-known seeder allows you to adjust the seeding rate only in steps, due to interchangeable gears and sprockets, selecting the closest gear ratio.

The disadvantages of the drive mechanism of the known seeder are that:

- it is not self-sufficient and to adjust the seeding rate it is necessary to use additional interchangeable gears and sprockets;

- the use of interchangeable gears and sprockets does not allow you to fine-tune the seeding rate;

- there is no possibility of a quick change in the seeding rate;

- installation and dismantling of interchangeable gears and sprockets is characterized by considerable laboriousness and requires additional adjustment of the chain tension.

Attempts are being made to at least partially eliminate the problems of the seeder known from [1] by replacing the seed rate control mechanism (a set of sprockets and gears) with variators. In particular, a grain fertilizer seeder [3] is known, in which the torque from the supporting wheels is transmitted by means of a gear-chain drive mechanism, and the rotation speed of the shafts of grain sowing and fertilizer devices is controlled by a dual variator, the design of which is described in detail in the source [2].

The dual variator known from [2] has stepless independent regulation of the speed of rotation of the driven shafts and contains a housing, a drive shaft fixed in the housing, with a single cam disk mounted on it, two driven shafts fixed in the housing, with overrunning clutches installed on them, and speed controllers each of the driven shafts. At the same time, the known variator contains at least two pushers made in the form of irregularly shaped plates, on the one hand fixed to the overrunning clutches with the help of connecting rods, and on the other hand, fixed to the housing with the help of return springs and made with the ability to interact with the speed controllers and the cam disk, wherein each speed controller is made fixed on the axis mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation from the outer side of the housing.

The disadvantage of the transmission mechanism [3] with a variator [2] is that its single input shaft, sprocket and cam disc are subject to increased wear compared to variators having only one driven and driving shaft.

A common disadvantage of both known drive mechanisms is that they contain only two chains, while the second chain has a large center distance (90-150 cm) and to prevent it from sagging, it is necessary to tighten the chain with great effort. This leads to an increase in the friction force of the chain on the sprockets and in the axle bearings, and as a result, to increased wear of the parts of the drive mechanism.

DISCLOSURE OF UTILITY MODEL

The objective of this utility model is to create a device with a combination of the following qualities:

1) simplification of the design of the variator;

2) increased maintainability, namely, the possibility of independent replacement of the variator of the fertilizer and grain sowing apparatus;

3) the possibility of using variators of a simple design with one driven and one driving shaft,

4) the possibility of using in grain fertilizer seeders with rising roller batteries.

The technical result provided by the use of the invention is to improve the performance of the transmission mechanism, namely, to reduce the wear of the elements of the transmission mechanism: chains, sprockets, shaft supports, variator cams.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed drive of the grain fertilizer seeder contains:

first (202), second (205) and third (208) chain,

the first (201) and second (203) asterisks, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (202) is put on the first (201) sprocket, and the distal one - on the mentioned second (203) sprocket, the mentioned first (201) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the battery of rollers of the mentioned seeder, and the mentioned second (203) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the frame of the said battery of rollers,

third (204) and fourth (206) sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (205) is put on the mentioned third (204), and the distal one - on the mentioned fourth (206) sprocket, the mentioned third (204) sprocket is installed on the same shaft with said second (203) sprocket, and said fourth sprocket (206) is mounted on the intermediate axle (207) for rotation,

the first (215) and second (215') variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft, and transmission mechanisms placed in the said housing, while the drive shaft of the said first variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the grain sowing machine of the said seeder, and the driving the shaft of the mentioned second variator is kinematically connected with the shaft of the fertilizer apparatus,

fifth (209), sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned third chain (208) is put on the mentioned fifth (209) sprocket, and the distal half-loop - simultaneously on the sixth (210) and seventh (210 ') sprockets, wherein said fifth (209) sprocket is mounted on the same shaft as said fourth (206) sprocket, and said sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets are mounted on input shafts of said first (215) and second (215 ') variator.

Under the frame of the group of rollers is meant the part of the seeder, which serves to fasten the axis of the group of rollers, which in turn is pivotally connected to the rest of the seeder, by means of a shaft.

In the following, the aforementioned device, described in general categories, is explained by way of example of some particularly preferred embodiments that provide additional advantages.

Said seeder, in one of the particular forms of execution, is a grain-fertilizer seeder for strip sowing of seeds of grain and leguminous crops.

The transmission mechanism of each of the first (15) and second (15') variators, - in one of the particular forms of execution (similar to the variator known from [4]), - contains:

cam mounted on the drive shaft,

a guide associated with a mechanism for regulating its position,

overrunning clutch mounted on the driven shaft, having an external holder,

a pusher with rollers hinged on said outer race in such a way that one of said rollers interacts with said cam, and the other with said guide,

a spring configured to forcibly close the pusher rollers with the guide and the cam, and fixed to the pusher in the area located between the mentioned rollers,

at the same time, the shape of the pusher is made with the possibility of placing the hinge axes and pusher rollers at the corners of the conditional triangle.

Said mechanism for adjusting the position of the guide, - in one of the particular forms of execution, - includes a rotary lever, rigidly connected at one end with a rod installed in the said housing with the possibility of axial rotation, on which the said guide is fixed, while the second end of the said rotary lever (13, 13') is connected by means of a rack and pinion mechanism with a scale (14, 14') and is provided with a position lock.

The aforementioned first chain (202), in one of the particular forms of execution, is a bush-roller chain.

In one of the particular forms of execution, the above-described drive can be additionally equipped with an asterisk (211) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the aforementioned first chain (202), while the end of its axis is made movable in the groove so as to provide tension to the chain (202 ).

In one of the particular forms of execution, the above-described drive can be additionally equipped with an asterisk (212) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the aforementioned second chain (205), while the end of its axis is made movable in the groove so as to provide tension to the chain (205 ).

The center distance of the aforementioned second (205) and third (208) chains, in one of the particular forms of execution, is less than 90 cm.

The aforementioned first (201) sprocket, in one of the private forms of execution, is a 7-tooth.

The aforementioned second (203) sprocket, in one of the private forms of execution, is a 12-tooth.

The aforementioned third (204) sprocket, in one of the private forms of execution, is a 16-tooth.

The aforementioned fourth (206) sprocket, in one of the private forms of execution, is a 14-tooth.

In one of the private forms of execution, the above-described drive contains an uncoupler, and the aforementioned second (203) and third (204) sprockets are equipped with a ratchet mechanism, while the said uncoupler is designed in such a way as to ensure that the second (203) and third (204) sprockets are disengaged with each other when deepening the coulters of the above-mentioned seeder.

It must be understood that in this text the drive is characterized only by such features that are sufficient to solve the problem, implement the purpose and achieve the selected technical result; a special mention of all without exception the features and utility characteristics of the drive is not required if specialists should know that products of the same kind have such features and utility characteristics and without them the main purpose is not realized; Moreover, it is not required to limit the generalized features to any specific options, if they should be known to specialists and (or) can be selected according to known rules.

The design and use of the device is clearly illustrated by figures 1-3 on the example of private and specific embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows the drive mechanism of the sowing and fertilizer devices of the previously known design of the SKP-2.1 seeder from [1].

In FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a transmission mechanism according to the present utility model.

In figures 1-2, the following designations are adopted:

101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 115 - asterisks, namely:

101 - 7 tooth sprocket,

102 - sprocket 114 for chain tension,

103 - 12 tooth ratchet sprocket,

104 - 16 tooth ratchet sprocket,

106 - replaceable sprocket,

108 - asterisk,

115 - sprocket for chain tension,

102, 105 chains,

107 - shaft, grain machines,

113 - shaft of fertilizer apparatuses,

109 - bushing,

110 - frame,

111, 112 - interchangeable gears,

116, 117 - cams,

201, 203, 204, 206, 209, 210, 210', 211 and 212 - stars, or rather:

201 - the first asterisk,

203 - second asterisk,

204 - third asterisk,

206 - fourth asterisk,

209 - fifth asterisk,

210, 210' - sixth and seventh asterisk,

211 - sprocket for tensioning the first chain,

212 - sprocket for tensioning the second chain,

216 - bypass roller of the third chain;

202, 205, 208 - chains, or rather:

202 - the first chain,

205 - second chain,

208 - third chain,

207 - intermediate axle,

213, 213' - variator indicators,

214, 214' - variator scales,

215, 215' - variators.

IMPLEMENTATION OF UTILITY MODEL

As shown in FIG. 2 grain fertilizer seeder drive, contains:

first 202, second 205 and third 208 chain,

the first 201 and second 203 sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain 202 is put on the first 201 sprocket, and the distal one - on the mentioned second 203 sprocket, the first 201 sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the roller battery of the said seeder, and the mentioned second 203 sprocket is made with the possibility of mounting on the shaft of the frame of the said battery of rollers,

204 third and 206 fourth asterisks, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain 205 is put on the mentioned third 204, and the distal one - on the mentioned fourth 206 sprocket, the mentioned third 204 sprocket is installed on the same shaft with the mentioned second 203 sprocket, and the mentioned fourth sprocket 206 is installed on intermediate axle 207 with the possibility of rotation,

the first 215 and the second 215' variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft, and transmission mechanisms placed in the said housing, while the drive shaft of the mentioned first variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the grain sowing machine of the mentioned seeder, and the drive shaft of the mentioned second variator kinematically connected with the shaft of the fertilizer apparatus,

fifth 209, sixth 210 and seventh 210' sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned third chain 208 is put on the mentioned fifth 209 sprocket, and the distal half-loop - simultaneously on the sixth 210 and seventh 210' sprockets, while the said fifth sprocket 209 is installed on one shaft with said fourth 206 sprocket, and said sixth 210 and seventh 210' sprockets are mounted on the input shafts of said first 215 and second 215' variator.

The proposed drive mechanism (see Fig. 2) rotates the shafts of grain and fertilizer devices and consists of chain drives and variators 215, 215'.

From the first sprocket 201 mounted on the shaft of the roller battery, through the first bush-roller chain 202, rotation is transmitted to the second sprocket 203 mounted on the shaft of the roller frame.

The second sprocket 203 has ratchet cams on the left end that engage with the cams of the third sprocket 204.

The cams engage and disengage sprockets 203 and 204 when the openers are pushed out. The design of the uncoupler may be different, and in one of the variants it may be the same as in the above-described analog from Fig. one.

The second chain 205 rotates from the third sprocket 204 to the fourth sprocket 206 mounted on the intermediate axle 207. The axle 207 rotates on rolling bearings and can move along the grooves, thereby providing tension to the third chain 208. At the opposite end of the axle 207 is an asterisk 209 rotating sprockets 210 and 210' located on the input shafts of the variators 215, 215'.

The output shafts of the variators 215, 215' are connected to the shafts of the coils of the grain sowing and fertilizer machines.

The sprocket 211 serves to tension the first chain 202.

The sprocket 212 serves to tension the second chain 205.

The tension of the chain 208 is carried out by moving the end of the intermediate axle 207 in the groove.

The gear ratio of the mechanism is changed by moving the pointers 13 along the scales 14. The change occurs steplessly from 0 to the MAX value.

The switching on and off of the drive mechanism of the seeding units is carried out by a cam-type uncoupler and does not differ from the design of the previously known SKP-2.1 seeder.

By using the second and third chains with a small center distance (less than 90 cm) instead of one chain with a large center distance (from 80 to 150 cm) from [3], the force with which it is necessary to tension the second and third chain to eliminate slack is reduced, and, as a result, the friction of the chains on the sprockets, the reaction force in the shaft bearings, and their wear are reduced. The wear of the cam and bearings of the movable shafts of the variator is also reduced due to the fact that the load from the chain is distributed over two shafts and two cams (rather than one, as in the solution known from [2] [3]).

List of sources:

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20190713214238/http://www.agrozakup.ru/img/file/rukovodstvo_polzovatelya_seyalka_omichka_skp_2_1.pdf.

2. RF patent for utility model No. 181748.

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOXAzRgiPI4.

4. RF patent for the invention No. 2678179.

Claims (24)

1. A drive for a grain fertilizer planter, comprising: first (202), second (205) and third (208) chain, the first (201) and second (203) asterisks, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (202) is put on the first (201) sprocket, and the distal one - on the mentioned second (203) sprocket, the mentioned first (201) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the battery of rollers of the mentioned seeder, and the mentioned second (203) sprocket is made with the possibility of installation on the shaft of the frame of the said battery of rollers, third (204) and fourth (206) sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain (205) is put on the mentioned third (204), and the distal one - on the mentioned fourth (206) sprocket, the mentioned third (204) sprocket is installed on the same shaft with said second (203) sprocket, and said fourth sprocket (206) is mounted on the intermediate axle (207) for rotation, the first (215) and second (215') variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft and transmission mechanisms placed in the said housing, while the drive shaft of the said first variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the grain sowing machine of the said seeder, and the drive shaft the mentioned second variator is kinematically connected with the shaft of the fertilizer apparatus, fifth (209), sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned third chain (208) is put on the mentioned fifth (209) sprocket, and the distal half-loop - simultaneously on the sixth (210) and seventh (210 ') sprockets, wherein said fifth (209) sprocket is mounted on the same shaft as said fourth (206) sprocket, and said sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets are mounted on input shafts of said first (215) and second (215 ') variator. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that said seeder is a grain fertilizer seeder for strip sowing of seeds of cereals and leguminous crops. 3. The drive according to claim. 1, characterized in that the transmission mechanism of each of the first (15) and second (15') variators contains cam mounted on the drive shaft, a guide associated with a mechanism for regulating its position, overrunning clutch mounted on the driven shaft, having an external holder, a pusher with rollers hinged on said outer race in such a way that one of said rollers interacts with said cam, and the other with said guide, a spring configured to forcibly close the pusher rollers with the guide and the cam and fixed to the pusher in the area located between the mentioned rollers, at the same time, the shape of the pusher is made with the possibility of placing the hinge axes and the pusher rollers at the corners of the conditional triangle. 4. The drive according to claim 3, characterized in that in it the mentioned mechanism for adjusting the position of the guide includes a rotary lever, rigidly connected at one end with a rod installed in the said housing with the possibility of axial rotation, on which the said guide is fixed, while the second end of the said rotary lever (13, 13') is connected by means of a rack and pinion with a scale (14, 14') and is provided with a position lock. 5. The drive according to claim. 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned first chain (202) is a bush-roller chain. 6. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an asterisk (211) installed between the proximal and distal half loops of the aforementioned first chain (202), while the end of its axis is made movable in the groove so as to provide tension chains (202). 7. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an asterisk (212) installed between the proximal and distal half loops of the aforementioned second chain (205), while the end of its axis is made movable in the groove so as to provide tension chains (205). 8. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the center distance of the aforementioned second (205) and third (208) chains is less than 90 cm. 9. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned first (201) sprocket is 7-tooth. 10. The drive according to claim. 1, characterized in that in it the aforementioned second (203) sprocket is 12-tooth. 11. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned third (204) sprocket is 16-tooth. 12. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned fourth (206) sprocket is 14-tooth. 13. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an uncoupler, and the aforementioned second (203) and third (204) sprockets are equipped with a ratchet mechanism, while said uncoupler is designed in such a way as to ensure the removal of the second (203) and third ( 204) sprockets out of engagement with each other when deepening the coulters of the aforementioned seeder.

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