EA044903B1 - GRAIN FERILLER SEEDER DRIVE - Google Patents

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and more specifically to drives for grain-fertilizer seeders.

State of the art

Known is the SKP-2.1 stubble seeder-cultivator for sowing grain and leguminous crops with the simultaneous rolling of sown seeds and fertilizers, containing a frame, a front full-rotating self-aligning support with one or two pneumatic wheels, working parts, a compacting roller mounted on the frame on a parallelogram mechanism, a hydraulic cylinder, and a grain-fertilizer box with grain and fertilizer sowing devices, a trailing device and a drive mechanism for sowing devices [1].

In fig. Figure 1 shows the drive mechanism of sowing and fertilizer devices of the previously known design of the SKP-2.1 seeder. The drive mechanism known from [1] transmits torque to the shafts of grain and fertilizer machines and consists of chain and gear drives. From a 7-tooth sprocket 101 mounted on the shaft of the roller battery, rotation is transmitted by a bushing-roller chain 102 to a 12-tooth sprocket 103 mounted on the shaft of the roller frame. Sprocket 103 has ratcheting cams on the left end that engage with the cams of the 16-tooth sprocket 104. Sprocket 114 serves to tension the chain 102. The bushing-roller chain 105 transmits rotation from the 16-tooth sprocket to a replaceable sprocket 106 mounted on a plain bearing and rotating shaft 107 grain machines. Next, the roller chain 105 transmits rotation to the sprocket 108 mounted on the sleeve 109 of the frame 110. The gear 111, mounted on the sleeve 109, rotates the gear 112 mounted on the shaft 113 of the fertilizer machines. Gears 111 and 112 are replaceable, and in various combinations, by changing the gear ratio, they provide rough (preliminary) adjustment of the fertilizer seeding rate. The drive mechanism of the sowing units is switched on and off using a cam-type disconnector. Sprocket 115 serves to tension chain 105.

The end cams of the disconnector (stamped, with four spherical protrusions) are installed on the shaft of the roller frame. The movable cam 116, attached to the shaft of the roller frame, turns together with the frame when the module openers are deepened, and moves the cam 117 along the axis, which is fixed to the module frame bracket with its driver. The cam 117, moving, rests against the collar of the bushing, on the threaded end of which a ratchet sprocket 104 is attached and disengages it from the ratchet sprocket 103, thereby turning off the drive mechanism.

When the coulters are deepened, the sprocket 104 together with the cam 117 returns to its original position under the action of a spring.

The drive mechanism in the known seeder allows you to adjust the seeding rate only in steps, due to replaceable gears and sprockets, selecting the closest gear ratio.

The disadvantages of the drive mechanism of the known seeder are that it is not self-sufficient and to adjust the seeding rate it is necessary to use additional replaceable gears and sprockets;

the use of replaceable gears and sprockets does not allow precise adjustment of the seeding rate;

there is no possibility of quickly changing the seeding rate;

installation and dismantling of replacement gears and sprockets is highly labor-intensive and requires additional adjustment of chain tension.

Attempts are being made to at least partially eliminate the problems of the seeder known from [1] by replacing the mechanism for regulating the seeding rate (a set of sprockets and gears) with variators. In particular, a grain-fertilizer seeder [3] is known, in which the torque from the support-drive wheels is transmitted through a gear-chain drive mechanism, and the rotation speed of the shafts of the grain-seeding and fertilizer devices is regulated by means of a dual variator, the design of which is described in detail in the source [2].

The dual variator known from [2] has stepless independent control of the speed of rotation of the driven shafts and contains a housing, a drive shaft fixed in the housing, with a single cam disk mounted on it, two driven shafts fixed in the housing, with overrunning clutches installed on them and speed controllers each of the driven shafts. In this case, the known variator contains at least two pushers made in the form of plates of irregular shape, on one side attached to the overrunning clutches using connecting rods, and on the other side attached to the body using return springs and configured to interact with the speed controllers and the cam disk, with each speed controller mounted on an axis installed in the housing with the possibility of rotation from the outside of the housing.

The disadvantage of the transmission mechanism [3] with a variator [2] is that its single input shaft, sprocket and cam disk are subject to increased wear compared to variators that have only one driven and driven shaft.

A common disadvantage of both known drive mechanisms is that they contain only two chains, while the second chain has a large center distance (90-150 cm) and to prevent its sagging it is necessary to tension the chain with great force. This leads to an increase in the friction force of the chain on the sprockets and in the axle supports, and as a result, to increased wear of the drive mechanism parts.

Disclosure of the Invention

The objective of the present invention is to create a device having a combination of the following qualities:

1) simplification of the variator design;

2) increased maintainability, namely the possibility of independent replacement of the variator of the fertilizer sowing and grain sowing apparatus;

3) the possibility of using variators of simple design with one driven and one drive shaft,

4) possibility of use in grain-fertilizer seeders with rising roller batteries.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to improve the performance characteristics of the transmission mechanism, namely to reduce the wear of the transmission mechanism elements: chain, sprockets, shaft supports, variator cams.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed drive of the grain-fertilizer seeder contains the first (202), second (205) and third (208) chain, the first (201) and second (203) sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the said chain (202) is put on on the first (201) sprocket, and the distal one - on the mentioned second (203) sprocket, the mentioned first (201) sprocket is configured to be installed on the shaft of the roller battery of the mentioned seeder, and the mentioned second (203) sprocket is configured to be installed on the shaft of the frame of the mentioned seeder roller batteries, third (204) and fourth (206) sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of said chain (205) is put on said third (204), and the distal one is put on said fourth (206) sprocket, said third (204) sprocket is installed on one shaft with said second (203) sprocket, and said fourth sprocket (206) is installed on the intermediate axis (207) with the possibility of rotation, the first (215) and second (215') variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft and transmission mechanisms located in the said housing, while the drive shaft of the said first variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the grain sowing apparatus of the said seeder, and the drive shaft of the said second variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the fertilizer apparatus, the fifth (209), the sixth (210) and the seventh ( 210') of the sprocket, wherein the proximal half-loop of said third chain (208) is put on said fifth (209) sprocket, and the distal half-loop is placed simultaneously on the sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprocket, while said fifth (209) sprocket is installed on the same shaft with the mentioned fourth (206) sprocket, and the mentioned sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets are installed on the input shafts of the mentioned first (215) and second (215') variator.

The frame of the roller battery is understood as the part of the seeder that serves to fasten the axis of the roller battery, which in turn is pivotally connected to the other parts of the seeder via a shaft.

In the following, the above-mentioned device, characterized in general terms, is explained by way of example of some particularly preferred embodiments that provide additional advantages.

The mentioned seeder in one of its particular forms is a grain-fertilizer seeder for strip sowing of seeds of grain and leguminous crops.

The transmission mechanism of each of the first (15) and second (15') variators in one of the particular forms of execution (similar to the well-known variator from [4]) contains a cam mounted on the drive shaft, a guide connected to a mechanism for regulating its position, an overrunning clutch, mounted on the driven shaft having an outer race, a pusher with rollers hinged on said outer race so that one of said rollers interacts with said cam and the other with said guide, a spring configured to forcefully lock the pusher rollers with the guide and a cam and attached to the pusher in a section located between the said rollers, wherein the shape of the pusher is designed to accommodate the hinge axes and pusher rollers at the corners of a conventional triangle.

The said mechanism for adjusting the position of the guide in one of its particular forms includes a rotary lever, rigidly connected at one end to a rod installed in the said housing with the possibility of axial rotation, on which the said guide is fixed, while the second end of the said rotary lever (13, 13') is connected by means of a rack and pinion mechanism with a scale (14, 14') and is equipped with a position lock.

The above-mentioned first chain (202) in one of its particular forms is a bush-roller chain.

In one of the particular forms of execution, the above-described drive can be additionally equipped with a sprocket (211) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the above-mentioned first chain (202), while the end of its axis is configured to move in the groove in such a way as to ensure tension of the chain (202 ).

In one of the particular forms of execution, the above-described drive can be additionally equipped with a sprocket (212) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the above-mentioned second chain (205), while the end of its axis is configured to move in the groove so as to ensure tension of the chain (205 ).

The center-to-center distance of the above-mentioned second (205) and third (208) chains in one of the particular forms of implementation is less than 90 cm.

The above-mentioned first (201) sprocket in one of its particular forms is 7-tooth.

The above-mentioned second (203) sprocket in one of its particular forms is 12 teeth.

The above-mentioned third (204) sprocket in one of its particular forms is 16-tooth.

The above-mentioned fourth (206) sprocket in one of its particular forms is 14 teeth.

In one of the particular forms of execution, the above-described drive contains a disconnector, and the above-mentioned second (203) and third (204) sprockets are equipped with a ratcheting mechanism, and the said disconnector is designed in such a way as to ensure that the second (203) and third (204) sprockets are disengaged with each other when deepening the coulters of the above-mentioned seeder.

It is necessary to understand that in this text the drive is characterized only by such features that are sufficient to solve the task, implement the purpose and achieve the selected technical result; special mention of all, without exception, features and utilitarian characteristics of the drive is not required if specialists should know that products of the same kind have such features and utilitarian characteristics and without them the main purpose cannot be achieved; Moreover, there is no need to limit generalized characteristics to any specific options, if these should be known to specialists and (or) can be selected according to known rules.

The design and use of the device is clearly illustrated in Fig. 1-3 using the example of private and specific embodiments.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. Figure 1 shows the drive mechanism of sowing and fertilizer devices of the previously known design of the SKP-2.1 seeder from [1].

In fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission mechanism in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 1-2 the following notations are adopted:

101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 115 - asterisks, namely

101 - 7-tooth sprocket,

102 - sprocket 114 for chain tension,

103 - 12-tooth ratchet sprocket,

104 - 16-tooth ratchet sprocket,

106 - replaceable sprocket,

108 - asterisk,

115 - sprocket for chain tension,

102, 105 - chains,

107 - shaft of grain machines

113 - shaft of fertilizer machines,

109 - bushing,

110 - frame,

111, 112 - replaceable gears,

116, 117 - cams

201, 203, 204, 206, 209, 210, 210', 211 and 212 - asterisks, or rather

201 - first asterisk,

203 - second asterisk,

204 - third asterisk

206 - fourth star,

209 - fifth star

210, 210' - sixth and seventh asterisk,

211 - sprocket for tensioning the first chain,

212 - sprocket for tensioning the second chain,

216 - bypass roller of the third chain;

- 3 044903

202, 205, 208 - chains, or rather

202 - first chain,

205 - second circuit,

208 - third circuit,

207 - intermediate axle,

213, 213' - CVT indicators,

214, 214' - variator scales,

215, 215' - CVTs.

Carrying out the invention

As shown in FIG. 2, the drive of the grain-fertilizer seeder contains the first 202, second 205 and third 208 chain, the first 201 and second 203 sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain 202 is put on the first 201 sprocket, and the distal half-loop is put on the second 203 sprocket, the first 201 sprocket is made with the possibility of installing on the shaft of the battery of rollers of the mentioned seeder, and the mentioned second 203 sprocket is made with the possibility of installing on the shaft of the frame of the mentioned battery of rollers, the third 204 and fourth 206 sprockets, while the proximal half-loop of the mentioned chain 205 is put on the mentioned third 204, and the distal one on the mentioned fourth 206 sprocket, said third sprocket 204 is installed on the same shaft with said second sprocket 203, and said fourth sprocket 206 is mounted on an intermediate axle 207 with the possibility of rotation, the first 215 and the second 215' variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft , and transmission mechanisms located in the said housing, while the drive shaft of the said first variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the grain sowing apparatus of the said seeder, and the drive shaft of the said second variator is kinematically connected to the shaft of the fertilizer apparatus, the fifth 209, sixth 210 and seventh 210' sprockets, with in this case, the proximal half-loop of the mentioned third chain 208 is put on the mentioned fifth 209 sprocket, and the distal half-loop is simultaneously on the sixth 210 and seventh 210' sprockets, while the mentioned fifth 209 sprocket is installed on the same shaft with the mentioned fourth 206 sprocket, and the mentioned sixth 210 and seventh 210 ' sprockets are installed on the input shafts of the mentioned first 215 and second 215' variators.

The proposed drive mechanism (see Fig. 2) rotates the shafts of grain sowing and fertilizer devices and consists of chain drives and variators 215, 215'.

From the first sprocket 201 mounted on the shaft of the roller battery, through the first bushing roller chain 202, rotation is transmitted to the second sprocket 203 mounted on the shaft of the roller frame.

The second sprocket 203 has ratcheting cams on the left end that engage with the cams of the third sprocket 204.

The cams ensure the engagement of sprockets 203 and 204 and their disengagement when the disconnector is activated when the coulters are deepened. The design of the disconnector may be different, and in one of the variants it may be the same as in the analogue described above from FIG. 1.

The second chain 205 transmits rotation from the third sprocket 204 to the fourth sprocket 206 mounted on the intermediate axis 207. The axis 207 rotates on rolling bearings and can move along the grooves, thereby providing tension on the third chain 208. At the opposite end of the axis 207 there is a sprocket 209 that rotates the sprockets 210 and 210', located on the input shafts of the variators 215, 215'.

The output shafts of the variators 215, 215' are connected to the shafts of the coils of grain sowing and fertilizer units.

Sprocket 211 serves to tension the first chain 202.

Sprocket 212 serves to tension the second chain 205.

The tension of the chain 208 is carried out by moving the end of the intermediate axis 207 in the groove.

The gear ratio of the mechanism is changed by moving pointers 13 along scales 14. The change occurs steplessly from 0 to MAX value.

Switching on and off the drive mechanism of the sowing devices is carried out by a cam-type disconnector and does not differ from the design of the previously known SKP-2.1 seeder.

By using the second and third chains with a small center distance (less than 90 cm) instead of one chain with a large center distance (from 80 to 150 cm) from [3], the force with which it is necessary to tighten the second and third chain to eliminate slack is reduced, and As a result, the friction of the chains on the sprockets, the reaction force in the shaft supports, and their wear are reduced. The wear of the cam and the supports of the movable shafts of the variator is also reduced due to the fact that the load from the chain is distributed over two shafts and two cams (and not one, as in the solution known from [2] [3]).

-

Claims (8)

List of sources 1. https://web.archive.Org/web/20190713214238/http://www.agrozakup.ru/img/file/rukovodstvo polzovatelya seyalka omichka skp 2 l.pdf. 2. RF patent for utility model No. 181748. 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQXAzRgiPI4. 4. Russian Federation patent for invention No. 2678179. CLAIM 1. A grain-fertilizer seeder drive containing a first (202), second (205) and third (208) chain, first (201) and second (203) sprockets, with the proximal half-loop of said chain (202) put on the first (201) sprocket , and distal to said second (203) sprocket, said first (201) sprocket is configured to be installed on the shaft of the roller battery of the said seeder, and said second (203) sprocket is configured to be installed on the frame shaft of the said roller battery, the third (204) and a fourth (206) sprocket, wherein the proximal half-loop of said chain (205) is put on said third (204), and the distal half-loop is put on said fourth (206) sprocket; said third (204) sprocket is mounted on the same shaft with said second (203) sprocket, and the mentioned fourth sprocket (206) is installed on the intermediate axis (207) with the possibility of rotation, the first (215) and second (215') variators, each of which has a housing, a driven shaft, a drive shaft, and transmission gears located in the said housing mechanisms, wherein the drive shaft of the said first variator is made with the possibility of kinematic connection with the shaft of the grain sowing apparatus of the said seeder, and the drive shaft of the said second variator is made with the possibility of kinematic connection with the shaft of the fertilizer machine, the fifth (209), the sixth (210) and the seventh (210 ') of the sprocket, with the proximal half-loop of said third chain (208) placed on said fifth (209) sprocket, and the distal half-loop simultaneously on the sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprocket, with said fifth (209) sprocket mounted on one shaft with said fourth (206) sprocket, and said sixth (210) and seventh (210') sprockets are installed on the input shafts of said first (215) and second (215') variator. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the said seeder is a grain-fertilizer seeder for strip sowing of seeds of grain and leguminous crops. 3. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission mechanism of each of the first (215) and second (215') variators contains a cam mounted on the drive shaft, a guide connected to a mechanism for regulating its position, an overrunning clutch installed on the driven shaft having an outer race, a pusher with rollers hinged on said outer race so that one of said rollers interacts with said cam and the other with said guide, a spring configured to forcefully lock the pusher rollers with the guide and the cam and attached to the pusher in the area located between the mentioned rollers, while the shape of the pusher is made with the possibility of placing the hinge axes and pusher rollers at the corners of a conventional triangle. 4. The drive according to claim 3, characterized in that the said mechanism for adjusting the position of the guide includes a rotary lever, rigidly connected at one end to a rod installed in the said housing with the possibility of axial rotation, on which the said guide is fixed, while the second end of the said rotary The lever (13, 13') is connected via a rack and pinion mechanism to the scale (14, 14') and is equipped with a position lock. 5. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned first chain (202) is a bush-roller chain. 6. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a sprocket (211) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the above-mentioned first chain (202), the end of its axis being movable in the groove so as to provide tension chains (202). 7. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a sprocket (212) installed between the proximal and distal half-loops of the above-mentioned second chain (205), the end of its axis being movable in the groove so as to provide tension chains (205). 8. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the center distance of the above-mentioned second -