RU2108049C1 - Preservative for siloing of high-moisture content corn - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: preservative used for siloing of high-moisture content corn is powdered nettle taken in an amount of 3-5% by weight of mass to be siloed. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of feed. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for siloing the green mass of high-moisture corn.

 It is known to use various chemicals for preserving the green mass as preservatives, in particular organic acids, in particular, waste from the production of aminoacetic acid [1], salts and their mixtures [2].

 However, the use of chemicals increases the cost of silage and does not prevent the flow of juice containing nutrients of green mass.

 Known use as a preservative in the silage of fodder flour from woody herbs [3].

 Wood green flour is added to the silage in the amount of 3-5%, mixed and covered from air.

 The disadvantage of this preservative is the reduction of nutrient content in the feed during storage due to significant losses of dry matter.

 Known use as a preservative for preserving the green mass of plants of freshly chopped needles [4]. Freshly chopped needles are added in an amount of 5% to the mass of the silage, mix and cover from air.

 However, the harvesting of needles is limited territorially and is possible only in the forest zone. In addition, wet chopped needles are difficult to evenly distribute and mix with silage, and the process of its introduction is difficult to mechanize. This preservative cannot be prepared in stock, it should be prepared only at the time of silage.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the safety of nutrients in canned food and improve its quality.

 The objective is achieved in that as a preservative in the silage of high-moisture corn, grass flour is used in an amount of 3-5% by weight of the silage mass.

 Based on the author’s study of the chemical composition of nettle grass flour, it was found that its dry substance contains up to 2-3% glucoside urtitsin, which is a strong bactericidal and fungicidal substance, which indicates the possibility of using it as a preservative in feed silage.

 Silage is as follows.

The green mass of nettles in the stalking phase - the blooms are mowed, chopped, dried at 70-100 ^o C, milled on an AVM-1.5 aggregate and added in the form of flour to the silted mass of high-moisture corn (humidity 85%) in an amount of 3-5% to mass, mix, seal with plastic wrap and cover with straw that is 30-40 cm thick.

 The advantage of using herbal nettle meal is the availability and the possibility of the need for this preservative due to the fact that the areas of nettle growth in any soil-climatic zone are vast. As a free-flowing substance, this preservative is convenient to use, and the process of introducing into the silage is easy to mechanize. The preservative can be prepared in stock and stored for a long time.

 From the sources of scientific, technical and patent literature, it is known to use nettle herbal flour as a preservative in the silage of high-moisture corn.

 The experiments to study the effectiveness of using nettle grass flour as a preservative in the silage of high-moisture corn were carried out in the experimental and production conditions of the applicant's experimental production facilities.

 Example 1. Silage of high-moisture corn with the addition of the proposed preservative (grass meal of nettle) in an amount of 3% by weight of the silage mass. The mass of silage corn is tightly packed in laboratory glassware, sealed with plastic wrap. After 40 days, silage samples are taken to study the chemical composition and content of nutrients in them. Silo has a pleasant smell, well-preserved plant structure. In the total amount of organic acids, lactic acid is 45%, feed pH is 4.2. In terms of organoleptic properties and biochemical characteristics, the silo meets the requirements for good quality silo.

 Example 2. Analogously to example 1, a silo with the addition of the proposed preservative at a dose of 5% by weight of the silage mass of high-moisture corn has good quality indicators, the feed pH is 4.2, the content of lactic acid increased to 47.0%. This silo is rated as excellent quality.

 Example 3. Analogously to example 1, a silo with the addition of the proposed preservative in an amount of 7% to the silo mass of high-moisture corn by organoleptic and biochemical parameters does not have advantages over silage with a preservative dose of 3-5%, but the cost of silage is higher.

 Example 4. Silage of green mass without preservative (control). According to organoleptic signs, the silo has an unpleasant odor, a spreading consistency. Active acidity feed pH 4.5. Lactic acid of the sum of all acids is 43%. In the silo, butyric acid is present in an amount of 1.5%. The quality of this silo was rated satisfactory.

 Data quality indicators prepared silos are given in table. one.

 From the table. Figure 1 shows that the silo obtained using as a preservative herbal nettle flour in an amount of 3-5% by weight of high-moisture silage corn meets the requirements for good quality silo.

 The silage process when using the proposed preservative proceeds in the desired direction, as indicated by the content of lactic acid in the feed, which contributes to the development of lactic acid bacteria.

 From the table. Figure 1 shows that the content of digestible protein in silos harvested with 3-5% grass nettle meal is higher by 22.2-25.9%, fat by 24.7-37.6, phosphorus by 5.7-28, 5, carotene 9.8-19.6% against the control feed without preservative.

 Under the conditions of the Ufimskoye industrial and industrial complex, a production audit was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the use of the proposed preservative when harvesting silage from high-moisture corn.

 Example 6. The action of the proposed preservative is checked during the silage of high-moisture corn (85% humidity). To lay the corn on the silo, a pit of 2 • 2 • 7 m in size was dug. For better sealing of the silage mass, the bottom and side walls of the silo pit are covered with a plastic film. When siloing, a preservative is added in layers to the green mass at the rate of 4% of the mass of the silted mass. The mass to be laid is carefully rammed with a tractor. Preservatives are applied evenly by hand. After filling the trench, the corn silage is covered with a plastic wrap and a 40-50 cm thick straw layer.

 Example 7. For comparison, a control experiment is carried out on high-moisture corn laid in a hole measuring 2 • 2 • 7 m according to the technology described in example 6, but without adding a preservative.

 Autopsy pits carried out after 40 days. After opening, silage samples are taken from each pit and a chemical analysis is performed for nutrient content.

 The results of determining the chemical composition and nutrient content of silos harvested in pits with and without preservative are given in table. 2.

 From the table. Figure 2 shows that in 1 kg of silage harvested with a preservative - grass nettle meal in an amount of 4% by weight of high-moisture silage maize compared with a feed without a preservative, digestible protein contains 15.02% more, 40.3 more fat, fodder units by 11.6, phosphorus by 23.2, carotene by 18.4%.

Using the proposed vegetable preservative - grass meal of nettle will allow:
- use valuable nettle herbal flour as a preservative and, thus, expand the range of herbal preservatives used;
- increase the content of nutrients and the quality of the feed in comparison with the control silo harvested without a preservative;
- when harvesting silage from high-moisture corn, additionally save 10 feed units, 2.3 kg of digestible protein, 0.2 kg of fat in each ton of feed;
- harvest grass nettle flour in the summer in stock and store for a long time;
- due to the silage of high-moisture corn, reduce the loss of valuable nutrients arising from the juice due to the hygroscopicity of preservatives.

References
1. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1825614, cl. A 23 K 3/03, 1993.

 2. Zafren S. N. Technology for the preparation of feed. - M .: Kolos, 1977, p. 127-147.

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 695650, cl. A 23 K 3/03, 1978.

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 577012, cl. A 23 K 3/03, 1976.

Claims (1)

 The use of nettle herbal flour as a preservative for the silage of high-moisture corn.

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