RU210782U1 - HELICOPTER EXTERNAL SUSPENSION FOR LOAD MOUNTING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to aviation technology, in particular to the equipment of helicopters used to transport cargo on an external sling and to perform construction and installation work. The external suspension contains a power frame with a system of azimuth orientation of the load, including a drive, to the executive link of which a vertical rod connected to the traverse is connected by means of a cardan assembly. Two ropes are attached to the ends of the traverse, at the lower point of each of which a hook is attached, made in the form of a bracket with a spout and a means for fastening the rope. The hooks are interconnected by rigid links, the length of which is less than the base of the load slinging. A common V-shaped element in the form of a cantilever extension is attached to the spouts of both hooks at an angle to the brackets to enable unmanned hooking. The hooks can be made of pipes bent by 180° to form a bracket of each hook with an inner bending diameter and a bracket depth greater than the diameter of the cargo sling. A spring-loaded two-arm latch can be installed on one of the rigid links, covering the mouth of the hooks with one of the arms, and a control cable is attached to the second latch arm, the upper end of which is brought into the cab with the possibility of unlocking the latch. The suspension provides hooking and uncoupling from the load by helicopter evolutions without the participation of the ground crew. Due to the two-point pickup of the load during installation, the transfer of torque from the azimuthal orientation system to the load is ensured for its rotation in the horizontal plane in order to align the docking nodes also without the participation of the ground crew. External suspension can be used in the installation of such high-rise objects as power transmission towers, chimneys and gas pipes, antenna-mast structures without the presence of people in the danger zone in the process of placing the load in a given position. 3 w.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to aviation technology, namely to the equipment of helicopters designed to transport cargo on an external sling, and can be used mainly when performing construction and installation work using helicopters.

Known external load suspension to the helicopter, including placed inside the fuselage power frame with the top lock, connected to it by means of a gimbal assembly vertical rod, a rope connected to the vertical rod and equipped at the bottom point with a load gripper made in the form of a hook (ed. mon. No. 509495 , class B64D 1/22, 1973). The hook is made in the form of a bracket with a spout and a means of attachment to the rope - usually a hole for the fastening bolt. A spring-loaded latch is installed above the nose of the bracket, covering the mouth to prevent involuntary uncoupling of the sling, connected at one end to the hook, and at the other end to the load (hereinafter referred to as the cargo sling). The disadvantage of this external suspension is the inability to fix and rotate the mounted load in azimuth to align it with the design marks, because. using one hook it is impossible to transfer the torque to the load from the helicopter (there is no slinging base - and there is no shoulder). Therefore, when performing installation work with this suspension, the participation of the ground crew in guiding the load in azimuth (i.e., its turns) and in place by means of rope halyards attached to the load is necessary. This is unsafe, especially when building high-rise facilities, when people are under load in the joint area on areas of limited size. In addition, the unhooking and unhooking of the load must be carried out only by the ground crew.

Known external suspension of the helicopter for mounting cargo, including placed inside the fuselage power frame with the upper lock, associated with a vertical rod connected to it by means of cardans and other transition links traverse, at the ends of which two ropes are fixed, provided at the lower point with a load gripper, made in in the form of a hook (RF patent No. 2015073, class B64D 1/22, 1991). Each hook is made in the form of a bracket with a nose and means of attachment to the rope. A spring-loaded latch is installed above the nose of the bracket, covering the mouth to prevent involuntary uncoupling of the cargo sling. The structure of this external suspension includes a system of azimuth fixation of cargo in flight, which contains a traverse associated with a ring attached by shock absorbers to the landing gear. By fixing the position of the traverse inside the ring with the required angle in azimuth on the ground before the flight, you can pre-set any fixed position of the load in flight, which will be provided by the presence of the slinging base, i.e. the distance between the hook points of two ropes with hooks to the load. The position of the load specified on the ground can ensure that it coincides with the design marks when the helicopter is hovering against the wind over the installation site. But in order to select the correct angle of installation of the traverse before the flight, there must be information about the direction of the wind at the installation site. After the helicopter takes off with the load set to the predetermined position and when approaching the installation of the load, this position of the load is maintained. In this case, in cases of exposure to aerodynamic forces in flight or shock loads during installation, torsional (in azimuth) and other vibrations of the entire external suspension may occur. These vibrations of the load that have arisen are transmitted to the traverse and, accordingly, to the ring, thanks to a shoulder equal to half the base of the slinging, in the form of a rotating (perturbing) moment. Vibrations of the ring, as well as the entire external suspension with a load, are damped by shock absorbers, which create a stabilizing moment that counteracts the disturbing one. As a result of the dynamic balance of these two moments in flight and during installation, the cargo is fixed (stabilized) in a given position on the ground.

During the many years of operation of this external suspension, in cases of inaccurate information about the wind or when its direction changed during the flight, the helicopter was forced to return to the take-off site to re-hook the load with a different (corrected) position of the traverse in azimuth. Despite this drawback, an external suspension was used, because. ensured an increase in the safety of work due to the possibility of excluding people in the junction zone: with its help, many objects were mounted (power transmission towers, smoke and gas pipes of industrial enterprises, television and radio masts, etc.) with a height of 30 to 360 m. Another disadvantage of this external suspension, with which was forced to put up with all this time, was the need for the participation of at least two people when unhooking the hooks and unhooking them from the load, despite the danger of these works, especially when working at high elevations.

A known system for external suspension of cargo to a helicopter, which is a further improvement of the previous analogue and includes a power frame placed inside the fuselage of the helicopter, an upper lock, a vertical rod with a traverse connected to it by means of cardans and other transitional links, at the ends of which two ropes are fixed, provided at the bottom point a load gripper made in the form of a hook (patent RU No. 2209745, class B64D 9/00, 2000). Each hook is made in the form of a bracket with a nose and means of attachment to the rope. A spring-loaded latch is installed above the nose of the bracket, covering the mouth to prevent involuntary uncoupling of the cargo sling. The suspension includes a system of azimuth orientation of the cargo in flight, containing a ring swivel from the drive, with which the traverse is associated. This system could eliminate any mismatch of the load with the design marks, regardless of the change in wind direction (which often happens in the mountains), because. it was supposed to rotate the load in azimuth by ± 360 ° in any direction. But this external suspension, which has large dimensions (like the previous one) had to be placed under the Mi-10K helicopter with a clearance of about 1.5 m, unfortunately, was invented at the end of the operation of this helicopter. Therefore, it was not implemented, although this issue can be returned to when an equivalent replacement for the Mi-10K with another similar helicopter appears. But this improved suspension had a drawback in common with previous analogues, which consisted in the need for people to participate in picking up hooks and unhooking the load, despite the danger of these operations, especially when performing high-altitude installation work.

The device closest in technical essence, i.e. The prototype is an external suspension of a helicopter for mounting a load, containing a power frame with a system of azimuth orientation of the load, including a drive, to the executive link of which, by means of a cardan assembly, a vertical rod is connected, connected to a traverse, to the ends of which two ropes are attached, at the lower point of each of which a load grip is attached (patent PM No. 192 753, class B64D 1/22, 2019). Hooks made in the form of a bracket with a spout and a means of attachment to the rope - a hole for the fastening bolt can be used as load grippers. A spring-loaded latch can be installed above the nose of each bracket, blocking the throat to prevent involuntary uncoupling of the cargo sling. Picking up the load with two hooks for slinging units on the load, located at a distance from each other (i.e., creating a slinging base), provides the ability to transfer torque from the azimuthal orientation system to the load and the ability to turn it to align with the design marks. Due to this, the need for people to be under the helicopter for the purpose of their participation in aiming the load at the design marks is eliminated. However, hooking and unhooking two hooks requires the participation of at least two people, which is not always safe, especially when working on high-rise objects.

The objective of this utility model is to eliminate this drawback and achieve a new technical result, which consists in ensuring that the helicopter performs such basic assembly operations as pickup, azimuth orientation with the installation of the load in the design position and uncoupling from it, without people being in the danger zone under the helicopter, behind account of a different relative position and interconnection of nodes and elements.

This technical result in the external suspension of a helicopter for mounting a load, containing a power frame with a system of azimuth orientation of the load, including a drive, to the executive link of which, by means of a gimbal assembly, a vertical rod is connected, connected to a traverse, to the ends of which two ropes are attached, at the lower point of each of of which a hook is attached, made in the form of a bracket with a spout and a means of fastening the rope, is achieved by the fact that the hooks are connected to each other by rigid ties, and the length of the rigid ties is less than the base of the slinging load, and a common V-shaped element is attached to the noses of both hooks at an angle to the brackets in the form of a cantilever extension, providing the possibility of a deserted pickup.

Helicopter external suspension hooks for cargo mounting can be made of bent pipes.

The shackle of each hook can be made in the form of a pipe bent by 180°, and the bending diameter is not less than the diameter of the cargo sling, and the depth of the shackle is several times greater than the diameter of the cargo sling.

A spring-loaded two-arm latch can be installed on one of the rigid links, covering the mouth of the hooks with one of the arms, and a control cable is attached to the second arm of the latch, the upper end of which is connected to the cab.

The proposed external suspension of the helicopter for mounting the load is shown in the drawing and photo below.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the helicopter in flight with the proposed external suspension, side view;

in fig. 2 - view of a helicopter with an external sling lying on the ground;

in fig. 3 - hooking up a section of a chimney with a diameter of 2 m and a height of 15 m without the participation of people (the customer's observers are present) - the cantilever extension of the hooks is inserted into the arched loop fixed on the load, which, by pressing the latch, entered the brackets of both hooks;

in fig. 4 - helicopter approach for installation of a chimney section using the proposed external suspension.

Before performing construction and installation works, the external suspension is installed on the helicopter 1.

The external load suspension to the helicopter contains a system of azimuth orientation of the load, including a power frame 2, fixed inside the fuselage of the helicopter 1. On the frame 2, a drive 3 (engine with a gearbox) is mounted, to the executive link of which a vertical rod 4 is connected by means of cardans. To the lower end of the rod 4 an upper lock 5 is attached, to which a traverse 7 is connected by two converging links 6, located under the fuselage of the helicopter. Two ropes 8 are attached to the traverse 7 with the upper ends, to the lower ends of which the hooks 9 and 10 are attached. the diameter of the shackle is greater than the diameter of the slinging device - an arched loop made of a cargo sling provided for by the work plan (HHP), and the depth of the shackle is several times greater than the diameter of the cargo sling. Rigid connections 11 are installed between hooks 9 and 10, the length of which b is less than the slinging base provided for by the NDP and cargo 12. A common V-shaped element in the form of a cantilever extension 14 is attached to the spouts of both hooks at an angle to the brackets. a spring-loaded two-arm latch 15, which closes the mouth of the hooks with one of the arms, and a control cable 16 is attached to the second arm of the latch, the upper end of which with a ring 17 is led into the cab. In the initial position, the yoke 7 is placed across the longitudinal axis of the helicopter 1. This ensures the minimum dimensions of the external suspension when landing the helicopter and in the parking lot (figure 2), which eliminates the possibility of damage to the fuselage of the helicopter.

The external suspension of the helicopter works as follows.

After takeoff by the evolutions of the helicopter 1 with a load gripper, including hooks 9 and 10, the load 12 is hooked up by the arched loop 18 fixed on it (Fig. 3). When the helicopter pulls the ropes under the action of gravity load 12, the entire external suspension is located in a vertical plane passing through the gimbal suspension of the vertical rod 4 and the vertical axis of the load (Fig. 4). In this case, the weight of the load is distributed on both hooks 9 and 10, located at a distance equal to the length of the rigid links 11. As a result, a two-point pick-up of the load is provided, which can transfer the torque from the azimuthal orientation system to it.

In this position, the load 12 is transported to the installation site.

When the helicopter 1 enters against the wind on the installation site and hovering over it, the mismatch of the load 12 in azimuth with the design marks is eliminated (without changing the advantageous position of the helicopter - against the wind). To do this, turn on the drive 3 and turn the vertical rod 4, and with it the traverse 7. As a result, turn the entire external suspension together with the load 12 from the transport position to the required angle in azimuth until the characteristic marks or nodes are aligned. Then, by lowering the helicopter 1, the cargo 12 is installed at the project site and the cargo gripper is uncoupled, consisting of hooks 9 and 10. To do this, by lifting the cable 16 by the ring 17, turn the latch 15 and, having opened the mouth of the hooks, the helicopter maneuver removes the cargo gripper from the arched loop 18. Returning from using the drive 3, the traverse 7 to the initial (transverse) position, the helicopter is sent for the next load or for landing.

The proposed external suspension of the helicopter provides rotation of the cargo in azimuth at the angles necessary to perform construction and installation works (±360°). At the same time, due to the new relationship and relative position of nodes and elements, incl. rigid interconnection of two hooks fixed at the lower points of the ropes, the process of picking up the cargo is simplified (simultaneous hooking of two hooks, i.e. one operation instead of two) and its implementation without the involvement of a ground crew. Due to this, an increase in the safety of work performed at high-rise objects can be ensured.

Flight tests of the external suspension on a Ka-32 helicopter showed its effectiveness in carrying out construction and installation works with a maximum cargo weight of up to 5 tons for this type of helicopter and a moment of inertia of not more than 50,000 kgm ² with the possibility of turning them to any required angle in azimuth. External suspension can be used in the construction of power lines, installation of chimneys and gas pipes at industrial enterprises, in the construction of high-rise mast-tower structures by the method of building up in sections or blocks, without the participation of people in the main installation operations, which are repeated many times during the installation of each next section (block). Participation of the ground crew during such identical installation flights is necessary only when securing cargo after the helicopter has departed.

Claims (4)

1. The external suspension of a helicopter for mounting a load, containing a power frame with a system of azimuth orientation of the load, including a drive, to the executive link of which a vertical rod is connected by means of a gimbal assembly, connected to a traverse, to the ends of which two ropes are attached, at the lower point of each of which is attached a hook made in the form of a bracket with a nose and a means of fastening the rope, characterized in that the hooks are interconnected by rigid links, the length of which is less than the base of the slinging load, and a common V-shaped element in the form of a cantilever extension is attached to the noses of both hooks at an angle to the brackets to ensure the possibility of unmanned pickup. 2. The external suspension of the helicopter for mounting cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the hooks are made of bent pipes. 3. The external suspension of the helicopter for mounting the load according to claim 2, characterized in that the bracket of each hook is made in the form of a pipe bent by 180°, and the inner diameter of the bend and the depth of the bracket are greater than the diameter of the cargo sling. 4. The external suspension of the helicopter for mounting the cargo according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the rigid links can be equipped with a spring-loaded two-arm latch that closes one of the arms of the mouth of the hooks, and a control cable is attached to the second arm of the latch, the upper end of which is brought out into cabin.

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