RU2102788C1 - Situation control device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automatic control systems; identification and analysis of objects. SUBSTANCE: device has three registers, two units of AND gates, two comparison units, six memory units, two address counters, clock-pulse generator, OR gate, and control unit which includes two AND gates and two OR gates. Device performs purposeful search for tolerance classes of current situations and selection of respective control solutions for different radial structures by characteristic vectors of classes derived from memory units in succession. Device generates at its output control command code corresponding to class found. EFFECT: extended field of application. 2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to automated systems and automatic control systems and can be used to control complex objects mainly with a discrete nature of the technological cycle, as well as to solve problems of recognition and analysis of these objects, situations, processes or phenomena of arbitrary nature, described by finite sets of signs (symptoms, factors).

 A device is known that contains first and second registers, a block of time intervals, a first and second memory blocks, an address counter, a comparison unit, a control unit, an indicator and a pulse generator [1]. The device does not allow to determine the class of the current situation from the characteristic vectors of the classes. The consequence of this is the low speed of the search for various control actions, limited application.

Also known is a device containing first and second registers, first, second and third memory blocks, a comparison circuit, an AND block, an address counter, a clock generator, a control unit [2]
The disadvantage of this device is its limited scope, due to the use of such an ideal classification system, which defines its division into classes of equivalence of situations on the original set of complete situations. When describing complex real objects of classification, it is usually not possible to find a partition of complete situations of their presentation into equivalence classes due to the blurred boundaries of classifications.

Of the known devices, the closest in technical essence is a device containing the first, second and third blocks of AND elements, first and second registers, first, second and third memory blocks, first, second and third comparison blocks, address counter, pulse generator and control unit containing the AND element and the first, second and third OR elements, the group of information inputs of the first register is connected to the group of inputs of the device situation code, the group of outputs of the second register is connected to the group of device outputs, info group The output outputs of the address counter are connected to the groups of address inputs of the first, second, and third memory blocks, the first, second, and third groups of outputs of the first memory block are connected respectively to the first group of inputs of the first, second, and third comparison blocks, the first, second, and third groups of outputs of the second block memory are connected respectively to the second group of inputs of the first, second and third blocks of AND elements, the group of outputs of the third memory block is connected to the group of information inputs of the second register, the group of outputs the first register is connected to the first group of inputs of the first, second and third blocks of AND elements, the group of outputs of which is connected to the second group of inputs of the first, second and third comparison blocks, the output of which is connected respectively to the first, second and third inputs of the control unit, the first output of which connected to the counting input of the address counter, the second output is connected to the clock inputs of the first and second registers, and the fourth input is connected to the output of the clock generator, and the first and second inputs are The controls are the first and second inputs of the first OR element, and the third input is the first input of the second OR element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first OR element, the fourth input of the control unit is the first inputs of the third OR element and AND, the second inputs of which are connected to the output the second OR element, and the outputs are respectively the first and second outputs of the control unit [3]
The disadvantage of this device is its limited scope, due to the ability to search for tolerance classes of current control situations and the choice of control solutions (actions) only for conjugate (linearly conjugate) tolerance spaces.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope of the device due to the implementation of the ability to search for classes of tolerance of current situations and the choice of control solutions (effects) on a variety of different radial (nodal) spaces of tolerance.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device containing the input register and the output register, the block of elements And, the first, second and third memory blocks, the comparison unit, the address counter, the clock generator, the second output register, the second block of elements And, the fourth , fifth and sixth memory blocks, a second comparison unit, a second address counter, OR elements, a control unit, wherein the first inputs of the second block of AND elements are connected to the output of the first register, the second inputs are connected to the output of the fifth memory unit, and the outputs are connected to the first inputs of the second comparison unit, the second inputs of which are connected to the inputs of the fourth memory unit, and the output is connected to the second clock input of the control unit, the output of the sixth memory unit is connected to the information inputs of the third register, the output of which is the second output of the device, address inputs of the fourth, fifth and the sixth memory blocks are connected to the output of the second address counter, the control input of which is connected to the second output by the control unit, the control inputs of the second and third registers are connected to the fourth and fourth outputs of the control unit, which are connected through an OR element to the control input of the first register, the control unit contains the first and second AND elements and the first and second OR elements, and the second synchronizing input of the control unit is connected to the first inputs of the first AND and OR elements, and the third clock input is to the first inputs of the second elements AND and OR, the first input of the control unit is connected to the second inputs of the first and second elements OR and to the second inputs of the first and second elements AND, the outputs of the first and second ele ntov OR are respectively first and second outputs of control unit, third and fourth outputs which are the outputs of the first and second elements I.

 The introduction of additional blocks and connections into the device allows an effective scheme for searching for classes of tolerance of current situations and the choice of control solutions on a variety of different radial structures (tolerance spaces) according to the characteristic class vectors extracted from memory blocks and the corresponding control command codes.

 In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a device for situational control; in FIG. 2 functional construction of the control unit; in FIG. 3 adopted conditional classification scheme; in FIG. 4 and 5 adopted scheme of classification and selection of control actions; FIG. 6-8 time diagrams of the device.

 The device (Fig. 1) contains input register 1, first 2 and second 10 blocks of AND elements, first 5, second 3, third 7, fourth 13, fifth 11 and sixth 15 memory blocks, first 4 and second 12 comparison blocks, first 6 and. second 14 address counters, first 8 and second 16 output registers, OR element 9, control unit 17, clock generator 18.

 The control unit 17 (Fig. 2) contains the first 19 and second 20 AND elements, the first 21 and second 22 OR elements, and also has inputs 1, 2, 3 and outputs 1, 2, 3, 4.

We define the set S of all situations of the subject area on the basis of knowledge about the state of the control system, knowledge of control technology, as well as all information about the structure of the control object and its functioning. In the general case, the set of complete situations S is a set that includes all fundamentally possible (current) situations S _t , S _t ∈S about the control object and the control system itself. (Pospelov D.A. Situational management. Theory and practice. M. Nauka, 1988, p. 26; Klykov Yu.I. Situational management of large systems. M. Energy, 1974).

 For real objects or the phenomena of the world around us in its pure form, the existence of equivalence classes considered in the prototypes is extremely rare. It is not always possible to draw a clear boundary between classes, as a rule, the boundaries are “blurred,” that is, there exists such a space of intersections (tolerance) between two neighboring classes when it is impossible to make a clear decision.

которая образует покрытие множества S. Если существует хотя бы пара таких подмножеств S_i и S_j, S_i,S_j∈S, i_ij∈N, что при i ≠ j

то подмножества S_j называются классами толерантности ситуаций S^TS_j1, S_j2, S_jn} индуцирующих одинаковое конкретное решение R_j (или R_j V R_i).Let a certain set S of situations be given according to the representation of a complex control object and a system of subsets S ₁ , S ₂ , S _N } defined on it

which forms the cover of S. If there exists at least a pair of subsets S _i and S _j , S _i , S _j ∈S, i _i j∈N such that for i ≠ j

then the subsets S _j are called the tolerance classes of situations S ^T S _j1 , S _j2 , S _jn } inducing the same concrete solution R _j (or R _j VR _i ).

The representation of tolerance classes S ^T in the form of characteristic (eigenvectors) vectors for the entire variety of described objects and phenomena is determined in the general case by the form of tolerance, i.e. the nature (feature) of the coverage of the original set S. The nature of the coverage of the set depends on the type (class) of structures (spaces) of tolerance used to describe and represent the subject area being studied. One of the most common basic structures of tolerance (spaces of tolerance) found in nature is a nodal or radial structure. Such structures can be represented, for example, in the form of spaces of tolerance B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{p}}$ where p is a natural number, and any element x∈B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{p}}$ has the form x = <ζ ₁ , ζ ₂ , ..., ζ _p > where the components ζ _i take any integer values from 0 to m 1, and tolerance is defined as the coincidence of at least one component.

Thus, the space B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{p}}$ consists of integer tuples x of length p, where 0 ≤ ζ _i ≤ m-1. (Schraider Yu.A. Equality, similarity, order. M. Nauka, Ch. Ed. FML, 1971, p. 86,100). Elements of the set B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{p}}$ can be represented geometrically in the form of vertices of a p-dimensional unit cube, then the faces of the cube will depict the fulfillment of the corresponding relation.

 A practical application of the use of such structures, for example, for the field of information and computer networks (Bratukhin P.I. et al. Fundamentals of building large information and computer networks. M. Statistics, 1976) is used to describe nodal (radial) structures according to the principle "each center, center with everyone. "

где S_t двоичный вектор t-й текущей ситуации класса S^T.In the future, as the main structure for representing tolerance spaces in the classification of control situations, in contrast to the prototype, we use the so-called radial (nodal) structures. For tolerance classes with a radial structure, which can be represented schematically for the two-dimensional case in the form of FIG. 3, by characteristic vectors of class S ^m = {S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ , S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ } pairs of vectors {h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ } and {q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ } such that the relations

where S _{t is the} binary vector of the tth current situation of class S ^T.

Условие (2) с учетом предложенного алгоритма поиска классов толерантности текущих управляющих ситуаций для радиальных структур может быть реализовано следующим образом.The condition that situations S _t belong to the corresponding tolerance class S ^T in order to identify the true state is generally described by the following logical expression:

Condition (2), taking into account the proposed algorithm for finding tolerance classes of current control situations for radial structures, can be implemented as follows.

в том случае (фиг.3, 6), если код ситуации S_t имеет единицы во всех разрядах, в которых единицы имеет h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{i}}$ и не имеет единиц во всех тех разрядах, в которых единицы имеет q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{i}}$
2. Ситуация S_t принадлежит классу S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{j,o}}$ в том случае, если код ситуации S_t имеет единицы во всех разрядах, в которых единицы имеет h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{j,o}}$ и не имеет единиц во всех тех разрядах, в которых единицы имеет q_j,0.1. The situation S _t belongs to the class

in the case (figure 3, 6), if the situation code S _t has units in all digits in which units has h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ and does not have units in all those categories in which units has q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$
2. The situation S _t belongs to the class S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ in the event that the situation code S _t has units in all digits in which units have h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ and does not have units in all those categories in which units have q _{j, 0} .

получается, что любой элемент этого пересечения одновременно индуцирует два различных решения R_j и R₀. Для обеспечения определенности работы устройства предлагается следующий алгоритм выбора управляющих решений, который представим в виде

где знак ---> условно означает переход от одной альтернативы (множества, варианта решения,) к последующей. Особенности выбора управляющих решений для соотношений (3) и (4), поясняющие работу устройства, представлены соответственно на фиг.4, 7 и фиг. 5, 8.In the second case, uncertainty arises in choosing a control solution, since, in accordance with the logic of representation of tolerance classes

it turns out that any element of this intersection simultaneously induces two different solutions R _j and R ₀ . To ensure the definiteness of the device’s operation, the following algorithm for choosing control solutions is proposed, which we will present in the form

where the sign ---> conditionally means the transition from one alternative (set, solution,) to the next. Features of the choice of control solutions for relations (3) and (4), explaining the operation of the device, are presented respectively in FIGS. 4, 7 and FIG. 5, 8.

или

, то класс ситуации может быть однозначно определен из условия (2) без последовательного просмотра всех ситуаций и сразу выдана команда (управляющее решение) на орган управления.If for any pair of classes S _ζ , S _η ∈S ^m , ζ ≠ η

or

, then the situation class can be uniquely determined from condition (2) without sequential viewing of all situations and a command (control decision) is immediately issued to the control body.

на входе устройства, счетное число распознаваемых классов толерантности

и соответствующих выходных решений

как правило, невелико, т.е. имеет место следующее соотношение

Именно для такого класса объектов управления наиболее целесообразно применять предложенное устройство. Объем памяти блоков 3, 5, 7 (11, 13, 15) определяется мощностью множества

а не изменением множества

что резко снижает требования к объему памяти. Если входная ситуация меняется (варьирует) в пределах соответствующего класса толерантности, то блоки памяти выдают единственные конкретные значения, которые идентифицируют этот класс толерантности и соответствующее ему решение. Логика выбора этого класса представлена на фиг. 6-8.In accordance with the logic of the operation of the situational control device, the peculiarity of constructing an algorithm for finding the output solution R} is based on such an idea when not a code for a specific situation is sought, but a whole tolerance class to which the current situation belongs. Thus, despite a large uncountable number of different situations

at the input of the device, a countable number of recognized tolerance classes

and related output solutions

usually small, i.e. the following relation holds

It is for this class of control objects that it is most expedient to use the proposed device. The memory capacity of blocks 3, 5, 7 (11, 13, 15) is determined by the power of the set

not by changing the set

which drastically reduces memory requirements. If the input situation changes (varies) within the corresponding tolerance class, then the memory blocks give the only specific values that identify this tolerance class and the corresponding solution. The selection logic for this class is shown in FIG. 6-8.

 The device operates as follows.

 The statistical state of the device after its adjustment to the real control object is determined not by some fixed (initial) state, but by any (one of the possible states) state determined by the value from the set S present at the device input that remains after the device is configured to real environment (control object). All possible states at the input of the device R} are tightly connected (in accordance with the logic of the situation control algorithm) with the presence of the corresponding effect at the input of the device. Thus, the state of the device when working with a real object does not essentially differ from the state of the device in its initial state. Therefore, the dynamics of the functioning of the device after its adjustment to the real environment does not differ from the dynamics of its functioning in the initial (initial) state.

The binary vector (situation code S _t ) from the control object, for example, from a group of binary sensors installed on the object, is fed to the information inputs of input register 1. At the time of the search for the previous class of the situation S _t at the input 2 (or 3) of the control unit 17, a signal appears with the level of the logical unit from the unit 4 (or unit 12) of comparison, opening the element And 19 (or 20) in the control unit. On the trailing edge of the next pulse from the generator 18, the code of the evaluated (identified) control command from the memory block 7 (or block 15) is recorded in the input register 8 (or 16) and the current situation code in the input register 1. If the code class of the current situation matches the class of the code of the situation recorded on the previous measure, then from block 4 (or block 12) of the comparison, a signal with the level of a logical unit is still received, and the process is repeated until the class of the current situation changes. All this time, in the register 8 (or 16) of the output, the previous control command code is stored.

из первого 5, второго 3 и третьего 7 блоков памяти выбираются вектор h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{i}}$ вектор

и код команды управления R_i соответственно. Аналогично в случае ситуации класса

из четвертого 13, пятого 11 и шестого 15 блоков памяти выбираются вектор h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{j,o}}$ вектор

и код команды управления R_j V R₀ соответственно. Вектор

поразрядно умножается на вектор текущей ситуации S_t в блоке 2 (или блоке 10), с выходов которого поступает на второй вход блока 4 (или блока 12), где происходит сравнение полученного вектора с вектором

, т.е. определение (идентификация) класса ситуации в соответствии с выражением (2).When changing the code of the current situation that changes the class of the situation, the logical unit is removed from the input 2 (or 3) of block 17, the AND 19 (or 20) element is locked, stopping the recording of information in input register 1 and output register 8 (or 16), and by the trailing edge of the signal at the outputs 1 (or 2) of block 17 is incremented by one the contents of the counter 6 (or 14). Further, on the trailing edge of the pulses of the generator 18, arriving through the OR 21 (or 22) elements to the outputs 1 (or 2) of the block 17, the contents of the address counter 6 (or 14) continues to grow, providing a sequential selection of information from the first 5, second 3 and third 7 (or fourth 13, fifth 11 and sixth 15) memory blocks. Moreover, for a situation of class S _i ,

from the first 5, second 3 and third 7 memory blocks, the vector h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ vector

and control command code R _i, respectively. Similarly, in the case of a class situation

from the fourth 13, fifth 11 and sixth 15 memory blocks, the vector h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ vector

and control command code R _j VR _0, respectively. Vector

bitwise multiplied by the current situation vector S _t in block 2 (or block 10), from the outputs of which it goes to the second input of block 4 (or block 12), where the obtained vector is compared with the vector

, i.e. definition (identification) of the class of situation in accordance with expression (2).

с вектором h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{i}}$ или вектора

с вектором h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т}}{\text{j,o}}$ на выходе соответствующих блоков 4 или 12 формируется сигнал с уровнем логической единицы, который разрешает запись кода команды управления R_i (или R_j V R₀) в первый 8 или второй 16 регистры ввода и запись кода новой ситуации S_t в регистр 1 ввода. После этого процесс повторяется.Counters 11 and 14 of the addresses work cyclically, providing a sequential sampling of all vectors h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ and H $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ vectors f $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ and f $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ and all control command codes and R _j VR ₀ . When the vector matches

with vector h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{i}}$ or vector

with vector h $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t}}{\text{j o}}$ at the output of the corresponding blocks 4 or 12, a signal is generated with a logic level that allows writing the code of the control command R _i (or R _j VR ₀ ) into the first 8 or second 16 input registers and writing the new situation code S _t into the input register 1. After that, the process is repeated.

The speed of the device is determined by the delay time of the command t _zap = (t _{zap 1} , t _{zap 2} ), which is a variable and does not exceed t _max = K ^t / ν, where K ^{T is the} number of tolerance classes, ν is the frequency of the pulse generator.

The maximum speed of the device is limited by the delays Dt ₁ and Δt ₂ due to the propagation of signals in blocks 2-5, 7 (or 10-13, 15) and limiting the frequency of the pulse generator 18.

в соответствии с принятой схемой классификацией. Для каждой группы (класса) ситуаций вычисляются характеристические векторы

При этом для сложных объектов исследования могут появиться два неразличимых класса

имеющих одинаковые характеристические векторы. В таком случае следует разделить один из классов на два S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т1}}{\text{i}}$ и S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{т2}}{\text{i}}$ группируя ситуации таким образом, чтобы обеспечить несовпадение характеристических векторов класса (при этом возможно дублирование кода ситуации

. Если все классы

различимы, то информация о соответствующих каждому классу векторах

векторах

и соответствующих кодах команд управления R_i (R_j,0) заносится в последовательные адреса соответственно первого 5 (четвертого 13), второго 3 (пятого 11) и третьего 7 (шестого 15) блоков памяти. После этого устройство готово к работе.The proposed device is tuned to the real environment of a specific control object by setting for each situation S _t encountered when describing the dynamics of the control object’s behavior, its own control command code and determining, in the second case, a specific control decision selection scheme in the tolerance space (Fig. 4.7 or Fig. 5, 8). However, these codes are not written to memory directly, but are grouped into tolerance classes.

in accordance with the accepted classification scheme. For each group (class) of situations, characteristic vectors are calculated

Moreover, for complex objects of research, two indistinguishable classes may appear

having the same characteristic vectors. In this case, one of the classes should be divided into two S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t1}}{\text{i}}$ and S $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{t2}}{\text{i}}$ grouping situations in such a way as to ensure that the characteristic vectors of the class do not coincide (duplication of the situation code is possible

. If all classes

distinguishable, then the information on the vectors corresponding to each class

vectors

and the corresponding control command codes R _i (R _{j, 0} ) is entered in the sequential addresses of the first 5 (fourth 13), second 3 (fifth 11) and third 7 (sixth 15) memory blocks, respectively. After that, the device is ready for operation.

 Thus, as a result of introducing additional memory blocks, a register, AND blocks, a comparison block, an address counter, an OR element and connections, as well as by changing the control unit, a significant expansion of the device’s scope is achieved due to the possibility of searching for tolerance classes of current situations and choosing control decisions on many different radial spaces of tolerance.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for situational control, comprising a first register, the information input of which is the input of the device, and the output is connected to the first input of the first block of elements AND, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first block of comparison, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first memory block, and the output is connected to the first clocking input of the control unit, the synchronization input of which is connected to the output of the clock generator, the second memory block, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first block of AND elements, the third memory block, the output of which is connected to the information input of the second register, the output of which is the first output of the device, an address counter, the output of which is connected to the address inputs of the first, second and third memory blocks, the counting input of the address counter is connected to the first output of the control unit, characterized in that the second comparison block, the second block of AND elements, the fourth, fifth and sixth memory blocks, the second address counter, the OR element and the third register, the first input of the second block of AND elements is connected to the first register, the second input with the output of the fifth memory unit, and the output with the first input of the second comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the fourth memory unit, and the output with the second clock input of the control unit, the output of the sixth memory unit is connected to the information input of the third register whose output is the second output of the device, the address inputs of the fourth, fifth and sixth memory units are connected to the output of the second address counter, the counting input of which is connected to the second output of the control unit, tact inputs of the second and third registers are connected respectively to the third and fourth control outputs and the first unit, the second inputs of OR element whose output is connected with the timing input of the first register.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the control unit contains the first and second elements AND and the first and second elements OR, and the first clock input of the control unit is connected to the first inputs of the first elements AND and OR, and the second clock input to the first inputs of the second AND and OR elements, the synchronization input of the control unit is connected to the second inputs of the first and second OR elements and to the second inputs of the first and second AND elements, the outputs of the first and second OR elements are the first and second outputs of the control unit, respectively whose fourth and fourth outputs are respectively the outputs of the first and second elements of I.

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