RU2101902C1 - Herbicide application method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, application of herbicides on tilled crops such as beet. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing herbicide solution or emulsion and applying it to both sides of plant row. Solution is prepared by mixing herbicide solution with foamer solution and hardener used in amounts of 1: 80-160:4-8 weight parts for low-volume doses; 1:4,000-8,000: 200-400 weight parts for ultralow-volume doses. Width of strip is 6-12 cm, height 3-8 cm without overlap. Method further involves soil plowing in zone supposed for herbicide application for 2-3 cm depth by rotary working tools prior to herbicide application. Apparatus has solution reservoir, bar, compressed air source, sprayers, foam generator and accumulating chambers 3 made in the form of conical branch pipes and provided with angular splitters 4, which are mounted at outlet end of each chamber and shields 6 pivotally connected to each chamber so that their angle of inclination toward horizontal plane may be adjusted. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for applying herbicides on row crops, for example, on beet crops.

There is a method of introducing pesticides with tapes in the stem zone on both sides of a row of plants with the subsequent movement of toxic soil from half the width of the treated tape to a row of plants with the formation of a roller from a mixture of soil and pesticide in the protective zone of the row [1]
The disadvantage of this method is that when making contact herbicides, when mixed with soil, they lose their effectiveness.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is the method selected as a prototype, implemented by a device for introducing liquid chemicals in the foam layer [2] This method consists in preparing the herbicide solution or emulsion and making it with ribbons on both sides of a row of plants . The herbicide is applied with a continuous tape with overlapping.

 The disadvantage of this method is that with this application, the solution of the herbicide enters the plants and inhibits their development. In addition, there is an increased consumption of the herbicide, low resistance of the foam and its adhesion to the soil.

Known pneumatic fertilizer spreader, including a container for seed, a source of compressed air, a vertical pipe with a centering device, a distribution head, a guide and communications. An annular air flow distributor connected to a source of compressed air is installed on the casing of the centering device, and the air mixture guide is made in the form of a conical ring [3]
This scattering does not ensure the introduction of herbicides in the form of an air-foam mixture with ribbons into the protective zones of a row of plants.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected device as a prototype for introducing liquid chemicals into the foam layer, including a working solution reservoir, a rod, a compressed air source, sprayers, foam generators and storage chambers [2]
The disadvantage of this method is that the solution is prepared in the mixing chamber, which does not ensure uniformity of the mixture. In addition, the number of nozzles increases, which complicates the design.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of applying herbicides, comprising preparing a solution or emulsion of the herbicide and applying it with tapes on both sides of a row of plants, according to the invention, when preparing the solution, it is mixed with a solution of a foaming agent and a hardener in ratios for low volumes of 1:80 160: 4 -8, and for ultra-small doses of 1: 4000 8000: 200 400 wt. parts, respectively, the width of the tape is 6–12 cm and the height is 3–8 cm without overlap; in this case, the soil is loosened in the zone of applying the herbicide to a depth of 2–3 cm by rotary working bodies before it is applied.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a device for applying herbicides containing a reservoir for a working solution, a rod, a source of compressed air, sprayers, foam generators and storage chambers, according to the invention, the storage chamber is made in the form of a conical nozzle and is equipped with an angular divider mounted on its output, and visors pivotally mounted on it with the ability to control the angle of inclination to the horizon.

 These method and device are combined by a single inventive concept and provide a condition for the unity of the invention.

 Comparison of the proposed method with the prototype shows that the presence of a hardener in the mixture, the ratio of hardener herbicides-foaming agents for low-volume doses and ultra-low-volume doses, the parameters of the tape and loosening the soil in the zone of applying the herbicide to a depth of 2 3 cm by rotary working bodies before applying it.

 Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that the new is the implementation of the storage camera in the form of a conical pipe and the presence of an angular divider installed at its output and visors pivotally mounted on it with the ability to adjust the angle to the horizon.

 The presence of a hardener provides an increase in the resistance of the foam and an improvement in its adhesion to the soil.

 The ratios of low-volume and ultra-low-volume doses are given for the use of various chemicals.

 The parameters of the tape are given depending on the period of application and provide complete overlap of weeds with a solution of the herbicide.

 Loosening the soil before applying the herbicide increases its adhesion to the soil.

 The shape of the storage chamber in the form of a conical pipe provides foam in the form of a tape.

 The presence of a corner divider provides separation of the foam flow, and the visor obtains a given height and width of the tape and improves contact with the soil.

 Thus, the claimed method and device meets the criterion of "inventive step", because A result was achieved, attempts to obtain which for a long time did not succeed for specialists: increasing the efficiency of applying herbicides, reducing environmental pollution.

 The inventive method and device are "industrially applicable", because they can find application in agriculture in the cultivation of row crops.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the application of a volumetric mixture of herbicides on a row of beets, side view; in FIG. 2 same, top view; in FIG. 3 the same, the end section of the zone of introduction of the mixture; in FIG. 4 shows a device for applying herbicides, section, side view; in FIG. 5 same, top view.

 An example of a specific implementation of the method.

 The proposed method of weed control on beet crops is as follows.

 Before sowing or processing beet crops, a foaming agent is loaded into the tank of the modernized sprayer, for example, an aqueous solution (v.) Of liquid soap and other herbicide or Betanal, or Lontrel, or Fusilade, or Goltiks, or mixtures thereof and adhesive, PVA glue and others in the ratios indicated in the table. The choice of herbicide or their mixture is determined depending on the weed crops of beets.

 When sowing or pelletizing, after mixing the compositions in the sprayer tank, the mixture is pumped to the sprayers 1. In sprayer 1, the mixture is foamed with air in the form of a volumetric herbicidal mixture 2, and it is applied to the soil previously loosened by rotary working bodies to a depth of 2 3 cm. The introduction of mixture 2 is carried out on the soil on both sides of a row of beet crops with a layer of a thickness of 3 8 cm and a width of 6 12 cm, depending on the stage of development of weeds. Mixture 2 is distributed so that the foam layers to the left and right of the row do not overlap each other. When balling, it is allowed to close the layers of foam in a row, but without overlapping beet leaves. With the age of beets and weeds, the height of the foam layer is increased so that the weeds are completely covered by it.

 A device for applying herbicides consists of a container for a working solution, a rod, a compressor, a foam generator (not shown in Fig.), A storage chamber 3, made in the form of a conical pipe, at the entrance of which a sprayer 1 is placed, and at the output a corner divider 4 and two nets 5. Above the nets 5, rectangular canopies 6 with holes 7 are pivotally attached to the storage chamber 3, which serve to adjust the angle of inclination of the canopies 6 to the horizon. Visors 6 are used to obtain a foam tape with specified parameters.

 The camera-drive 3 with the bracket 8 is attached to the sprayer in the center of the row. The atomizer 1 provides foaming of the foaming agent, and the divider 4 splits the foam into two streams. Grids 5 provide pressure discharge of foam 2 and its shape.

 The device operates as follows.

 From the spraying tank, the foaming agent mixture is pumped to the atomizer 1, and air is supplied to it by the compressor. Formed foam-air mixture 2 enters the storage chamber 3 and, having met the resistance of the mesh 5, under the influence of air pressure and divider 4 flows through the side arms. With the help of the visors 6, a foam layer 2 is formed with predetermined parameters, which depend on the height of the weeds and the weediness of the beet crops in the protective zones, and is directed to the soil in two streams.

 The application of the data of the method and device to beet crops will eliminate the clogging of crops and the use of manual labor on weeding during the growing season, as the mixture retains its properties for a long time without polluting the environment.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of applying herbicides, including preparing a solution or emulsion of the herbicide and applying it with tapes on both sides of a row of plants, characterized in that when preparing the solution it is mixed with a solution of a foaming substance and a hardener in the following ratios: for low-volume doses 1 80 160 4 8, for ultra-low doses of 1 4000 - 8000 200 400 wt.h. accordingly, the width of the tape is 6–12 cm and the height is 3–8 cm without overlap; in this case, the soil is loosened in the zone of applying the herbicide to a depth of 2–3 cm by rotary working bodies before it is applied.  2. A device for applying herbicides, including a reservoir for working solution, a rod, a source of compressed air, sprayers, foam generators and storage chambers, characterized in that the storage chamber is made in the form of a conical branch pipe and is equipped with a corner divider installed at its outlet, and visors pivotally mounted on it with the ability to adjust the angle of inclination to the horizon.

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