RU2100755C1 - Combination artillery propelling charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artillery shots. SUBSTANCE: combination artillery propelling charge uses an initiator, primer and a charge consisting of powder compositions of two types. Powder compositions of the first type (plates) have a neutral burning area. Powder compositions of the second type are made in the form of microcharges having successively arranged sections of neutral burning and neutral and progressive burning. The whole external surface of powder compositions of the second type is armored, except for the strip corresponding to the neutral burning, section. The progressive burning sections have lateral surfaces contoured in such a manner that their initial section in the vicinity of $$$=0 is described by power function $$$, where $$$. Further variation of the contour of lateral surfaces is described by function $$$, in which coefficients $$$ are determined from the conditions that function $$$, its first and second derivatives should equal the respective values of equality (*) in the point of these functions, and from the conditions of equality of the calculated value of the burning area, its first and second derivatives at the end of charge burning to the respective parameters obtained at designing. The contour of the external armored surface of the microcharge is determined from equality system: $$$, where $$$,$$$ - coordinates of contour of microcharge lateral surface; $$$,$$$ - coordinates of contour of microcharge external surface; l - amount of burnt layer. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the design of an artillery shot, and more specifically to the design of one of the components of the shot - artillery propelling charge. The propellant charge of the proposed design can be used as part of modern artillery rounds.

 A known design of a fragmented charge of mixed composition [1] placed either in a combustible or non-combustible sleeve and consisting of two types of powder elements. Powder elements related in each of the species differ in geometric and thermophysical characteristics. So, the powder elements of the first type are made in the form of grains, and the powder elements of the second type are made in the form of spherical elements obtained from compressed powder and coated with a shell of a thermoplastic polymer and nitrocellulose.

 The sequential combustion of gunpowder elements of various types that make up the charge is one of the ways to increase the initial velocity of an artillery shell projectile, i.e., to increase the ballistic efficiency of an artillery shot. A fragmented charge of a mixed composition allows, by changing the number of powder elements of one of two or two types, to simultaneously change the initial velocity of the projectile, the nature of its trajectory and the firing range.

However, the design of this charge, although it allows you to somewhat "stretch" the diagram of pressure versus time in the bore and slightly increase the fill factor of the area of the indicator diagram, but does not allow to increase the initial velocity of the projectile by more than 3-5%
Also known is a combined artillery charge (2), the prototype contains initiation means, an igniter and a charge consisting of two types of powder elements: powder elements of the first type have a neutral combustion surface, powder elements of the second type are made in the form of microcharges having successively placed neutral and progressive sections combustion, all external surfaces of microprojections are armored except for the lateral inlet strip of the neutral combustion section, and the progressive combustion section ikrozaryadov is in the form of cylindrical sectors connected in their vertices and one of the side surfaces with a portion of the neutral combustion.

 The powder elements of the first type are made in the form of plates, in which the end surfaces are reserved.

 The use of a charge of this design makes it possible to obtain a dependence of the combustion surface area that increases as the charge burns as a function of the value of the burnt arch. This opens up the prospect of creating a shot, during which the average pressure in the projectile space will be independent of the length of the path traveled by the projectile.

 However, such a charge accelerates the projectile not enough intensively, since as the projectile accelerates, the pressure on its bottom decreases, despite the constant pressure on average over the projectile space.

 The objective of the invention is the provision of constant during the shot pressure acting on the bottom of the projectile.

в которой коэффициенты a_i определяются из условий, что функция Y_гр, ее первая и вторая производные должны равняться соответствующим величинам равенства (*) в точке сопряжения этих функций, и из условий равенства вычисляемой величины поверхности горения, ее первой и второй производных в конце горения заряда соответствующим параметрам, полученным при проектировании.The problem is solved in that in a combined artillery propellant charge containing initiation means, an igniter and a charge consisting of powder elements of two types, the elements of the first type having a combustion surface of a neutral shape and made in the form of plates with reserved end surfaces, and the powder elements of the second of the type are made in the form of microncharges having sections of neutral and progressive combustion and all external surfaces of the microncharges are reserved with the exception of the input the stripes of the neutral combustion section, the areas of progressive combustion of microcharges have a profiled side surface, so that when these sections are connected to the combustion, the angle Φ between the neutral combustion sections and the tangent to the contour of the progressive combustion sections is zero, then it increases monotonically (the first derivative of the angle v burned arch is positive), but so that the second derivative is negative. This is ensured by the fact that the initial section of the profiled curve in the vicinity of X _gr = 0 is expressed by a power function
Y _gr = X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n (*)}}{\text{gr}}$ where n <1,
and further change in the profile of the side surfaces is described by the function

in which the coefficients a _{i are} determined from the conditions that the function Y _gr , its first and second derivatives must be equal to the corresponding values of equality (*) at the conjugation point of these functions, and from the conditions of equality of the calculated value of the combustion surface, its first and second derivatives at the end of combustion charge appropriate parameters obtained during design.

где X_гр, Y_гр координаты боковой поверхности микрозаряда;
X_n, Y_n координаты наружной поверхности микрозаряда
l величина сгоревшего свода.The profile of the outer armored surface of the microcharge is determined from the equality system:

where X _gr , Y _gr coordinates of the lateral surface of the microcharge;
X _n , Y _n coordinates of the outer surface of the microcharge
l The value of the burnt vault.

 Thanks to the described profile of microcharges, progressive combustion is achieved not only above the first degree, but even above the second.

 This degree of progressiveness can be adjusted so as to ensure a constant pressure acting on the bottom of the projectile.

 This approach allows you to realize the maximum ballistic efficiency of the artillery propelling charge and to obtain the optimal indicator diagram of the pressure in the shell space of the gun barrel.

 As usual, by ballistic efficiency we mean an increase in the initial (muzzle) velocity of the projectile while maintaining the maximum pressure level in the channel of the gun’s barrel or maintaining the initial velocity of the projectile with a decrease in the maximum pressure level.

 The relevance of this task for anti-aircraft, aviation, tank, anti-tank systems is growing along with an increase in speed of movement, maneuverability and armor protection.

 In FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of an artillery propelling charge; figure 2 microcharge of the proposed form; figure 3 - geometric profile of the microcharge; figure 4 powder element of the first type (plate).

в которой коэффициенты a_i определяются из условий, что функция Y_гр, ее первая и вторая производные должны равняться соответствующим величинам равенства (*) в точке сопряжения этих функций, и из условий равенства вычисляемой величины поверхности горения, ее первой и второй производных в конце горения заряда, соответствующим параметрам, полученным при проектировании.Combined artillery propellant charge contains a means of initiation 1 (figure 1), an igniter 2 and a charge consisting of two types of powder elements. The powder elements of the first type have a combustion surface of a neutral shape and can be made in the form of plates 3, in which the end surfaces are reserved. The powder elements of the second type are made in the form of microcharges 4 (FIGS. 1 and 2), the outer surfaces of which are armored, with the exception of the input strip of the neutral combustion section 5. Sections 6 of the progressive combustion of microcharges have lateral surfaces (Fig. 3), profiled so that their initial section in the vicinity of X _gr = 0 is expressed by the function
Y _gr = X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{gr}}$ where n <1, (*)
a further change in the profile of the side surfaces is described by the function

in which the coefficients a _{i are} determined from the conditions that the function Y _gr , its first and second derivatives must be equal to the corresponding values of equality (*) at the conjugation point of these functions, and from the conditions of equality of the calculated value of the combustion surface, its first and second derivatives at the end of combustion charge corresponding to the parameters obtained during design.

где X_гр, Y_гр координаты профиля боковой поверхности микрозаряда;
X_n, Y_n координаты профиля наружной поверхности микрозаряда;
l величина сгоревшего свода.The profile of the outer armored surface 7 of the microcharge is determined from the equality systems:

where X _gr , Y _gr coordinates of the profile of the lateral surface of the microcharge;
X _n , Y _n coordinates of the profile of the outer surface of the microcharge;
l The value of the burnt vault.

 Microcharges 4 contain a neutral combustion section, which after ignition burns together with the plates 3, until the flame front passes a path equal to the length of the segments AD = BC (Fig. 2) and equal to half the thickness AB = CD of the plates 3 (Fig. 4 ) After this, the combustion of the neutral section 5 continues and the connection of the two sections 6 of progressive combustion begins. In this case, the angle Φ between the neutral combustion site and the tangent to the contour of the progressive combustion sites is zero, and then it monotonically increases (the first derivative of the angle v is positive in the value of the burnt arch), but so that the second derivative is negative.

 With this formation of the combustion surface, its contour is different from the circle, and the value of the combustion surface as a function of the value of the burnt arch increases nonlinearly to a degree higher than the first, and even higher than the second. The nature of the increase in the size of the combustion surface by the choice of the profile of the lateral surfaces of the microcharges is regulated so that the pressure acting on the bottom of the projectile is constant.

 The proposed combined artillery propelling charge acts as follows. After the triggering means of the initiator 1 (Fig. 1), the force of the flame from it ignites the charge of the igniter 2. The combustion products from the igniter 2 begin to spread (filter) between the powder elements 3 and 4 along the sleeve 8, heat up and ignite the powder elements. They ignite at the same time and burn until the desired pressure acting on the bottom of the projectile 9 is reached. At this moment, the powder elements 3 burn out, and sections 6 of progressive combustion begin to be connected at microcharges. Due to the given profile of microprojects 4, the degree of progressive combustion is regulated so as to provide constant pressure on the bottom of the projectile 9 and increase the initial (muzzle) velocity of the projectile while maintaining maximum pressure in the barrel or preserving the initial velocity of the projectile while decreasing the maximum pressure.

Claims (1)

Combined artillery propellant charge containing initiation means, an igniter and a charge consisting of two types of powder elements, the first type of elements having a neutral burning surface and made in the form of plates with reserved end surfaces, and the second type of powder elements made in the form of microcharges having areas of neutral and progressive combustion, all external surfaces of microcharges are reserved with the exception of the entrance strip of the area of neutral combustion, ex sistent in that the portions of the progressive combustion of micro have side surfaces shaped so that their initial portion in the vicinity of the X _{r r} 0 is described by a power function (*)
Y _gr = X $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{gr}}$ ,
where n <1,
a further change in the profile of the side surfaces is described by the function

where the coefficients d _i determined from the conditions that the function Y _{r p,} its first and second derivatives should be equal to the corresponding values of (*) in the junction point of these functions, and from the condition that the calculated value of the combustion surface, its first and second derivatives at the end of combustion charge corresponding to the parameters obtained during design,
the profile of the outer armored surface of the microcharge is determined from the system of equalities

where X _{g p} , Y _{g p the} coordinates of the profile of the lateral surface of the microcharge;
X _p , Y _p coordinates of the profile of the outer surface of the microcharge;
l The value of the burnt vault.

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