RU2099927C1 - Lawn growing soil mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, may be used in construction of stadiums, hippodromes, playing fields for forming lawn coverings. SUBSTANCE: soil mixture contains sandy loam or loamy soil or black soil, peat, sand and marble crumb. Components are used in the following ratio, wt.-%: sandy loam or loamy soil or black soil, 70.0-80.0; peat, 2.5-10.0; marble crumb, 2.5-10.0. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider capabilities and improved quality of lawn covering.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the construction of stadiums, racecourses, sports grounds when creating special grass gas coatings on them.

It is known that to create a perennial lawn it is necessary to prepare the soil long before planting seeds. As a rule, it is recommended that sandy or loamy soil or chernozem with the addition of peat and sand be used for planting a lawn [1]
However, these recommendations are valid when creating garden lawns, when the soil plant mixture is prepared on natural soil by adding peat and sand, depending on the condition and properties of sandy or loamy soils.

 In addition, when creating landscape gardening lawns, single-species crops are used, which reduces the requirements for the soil mixture.

 The objective of the invention is to create a soil plant mixture for a sports grass lawn, which has the following requirements: the formation in its ground part of a continuous carpet of green shoots, and in the underground elastic and durable turf, consisting of weaves of fibrous root systems, rhizomes and base of shoots. With the large role of plants in the creation of sod, its quality is largely determined by soil conditions.

 The specifics of using a sports grass lawn also places high demands on the soil plant mixture.

 Structural soils with two types of capillary and non-capillary porosity are best absorbed and retained by water. Through the capillaries, thin gaps between the particles of soil, the moisture of rain and melting snow, groundwater is absorbed. Air occupies non-capillary voids. In structural soils, the ratio of capillary and non-capillary voids is close to 1: 1, and there is room for water and air in them. In structureless soils there is little air, they absorb water poorly, and after rains form a crust on the surface, which interferes with the renewal of air in the soil.

 The structure of the soil depends on the size of its constituent parts, its mechanical (grain) composition. Typical projects recommend the composition of soils in which sand and dust particles predominate, which ultimately leads to compaction of the soil and its poor water and air permeability over time.

 The soil plant mixture, the composition of which is the subject of the invention, allows for decades to maintain the soil structure on the football field or sports field, which leads to lower costs for the maintenance of a sports facility.

 This problem is solved by the fact that in the soil plant mixture for growing lawns containing sandy or loamy soil or chernozem, peat and sand, marble chips are additionally introduced, and the above components are taken in the following ratio by weight.

Sandy loamy or loamy soil 70 80
Peat 10 15
Sand 10 2.5
Marble chips 10 2.5
Soil plant mixture for growing lawns is prepared as follows. Since at the sports grounds the soil plant mixture is laid on the previously created drainage system, work on the preparation of the soil plant mixture should be started at the preparatory stage of the site construction. On a separate site, preferably with an asphalt coating, screens with cells up to 10 mm, which were preliminarily brought into this area with chernozem and peat, are sifted through screens specially made of metal mesh. This is necessary in order to create the desired structure of the soil plant layer, to remove large clods that cannot be crushed, stones, extraneous inclusions. This work is very difficult and lengthy.

 In the preparation of the soil plant mixture, in the absence of the ability to use black soil, it is possible to use sandy loamy plant soil or light loamy soils.

 The soil plant mixture consists of two main components: small particles of materials, which are like the skeleton of the plant mixture (marble chips, sand) and the soil itself (chernozem and peat). Black soil and peat are the most important source of humus (humus, i.e. organic matter of the soil formed in it during decomposition of plant and animal residues) in the mixture. Black soil is structural, contains a lot of humus and calcium.

When preparing the soil plant mixture, its components must be subjected to an agrochemical analysis for the content of humus, their acidity and degree of salinity. Optimum humus content in chernozem prepared for the mixture 5 8%
Soil acidity (pH) should be within 6-7. When pH is less than 6, it is liming; if pH is higher than 7, peat, ammonium sulfate, etc. are introduced into the soil. The fact is that acidification of the soil reduces the content of humus and calcium, worsens the strength of the soil structure. Deteriorating structures and an increase in acidity: small lumps of soil crumble, forming dust. Salinity of the soil with water-soluble salts should not exceed 0.1 0.2% of the mass of soil. With a high salt content, it is necessary to gypsum 7 8 t / ha of soil.

 In view of the foregoing, when preparing a soil plant mixture, it is best to use lowland meadow peat. It is formed in the lowlands as a result of decomposition of organic matter in conditions of excessive moisture and lack of oxygen. Water, flowing down from high places, brings with it soluble nutrients of the upper soil layers and enriches with nutrients the peat formed under such conditions.

 In addition, in lowland marshes, the soil reaction is usually slightly acidic, which also meets the requirements for the components of the described mixture.

 The chernozems of the steppe zone are best suited as a component of the soil-plant mixture. Common chernozems with a humus content of 5–6% or degraded chernozems with a humus content of 6–8% are usually used. These chernozems are quite structural, rich in nutrients, and sometimes have a slight acidity that does not harm perennial cereals sown on the football field. The humus of steppe soils is of high quality. It is not acidic, it sticks together soil particles well, creating a strong lumpy structure due to the content of lime in the parent rock. In addition, artificial irrigation in stadiums, providing any amount of moisture necessary for plants, creates excellent conditions for obtaining good grass stand on these chernozems. The size of the fraction of marble chips 3 10 mm. The sand is taken coarse-grained river or washed mountain with the main fraction of 2 mm.

 After the chernozem and peat are sifted, and the marble chips and sand have been brought in, all these components are evenly mixed together in a homogeneous mixture on a solid, better asphalt surface using a tractor with a knife in the following proportion of wt.

Sandy loamy or loamy soil or chernozem 70 80
Peat 10 15
Sand 10 2.5
Marble chips 10 2.5
After preparation, the mixture is delivered to the prepared site and laid out on the drainage layer from the middle of the field to the edges with the exact preservation of all slopes of the base soil and the drainage layer. The thickness of the mixture layer throughout the field should be exactly the same and equal to 15-30 cm. Soil shrinkage will last for two three weeks (compaction coefficient of about 1.25).

 When laying a special mixture on the field, in order to withstand all the necessary slopes, the same method is used as with the device of the drainage layer. That is, since the drainage layer has already been planned, two wooden beams 23 cm thick are laid at a distance of 3 5 m from each other, and the third mixture (rule), the ends of which move along two lying bars, carefully level the special mixture. Thus, it is possible to achieve that the surface of the lined soil plant mixture will exactly match the surface slopes of the drainage layer.

 All work on laying on the field of soil plant mixtures should be carried out only in dry weather, in order to avoid further costs for leveling the surface.

 After laying the soil mixture on the field to accelerate soil shrinkage, it is necessary (in the absence of rain) to conduct evening watering of the field every day for 2 to 3 weeks and maintain the field under steam. Watering should provide moisture to the topsoil.

 You can water with a sprinkler car moving along the paths around the field. The motor vehicle should be irrigated with small, well-dispersed portions of water, preventing water jets that are dense under high pressure from falling on the surface of the field to prevent erosion of the soil in individual sections of the field. When watering using rubber and other hoses, it is necessary to comply with all the requirements that apply to watering using a car. But, in addition to this, care must be taken when moving the hose sleeve from one section of the field to another.

 After laying on the surface of the field of the soil plant mixture, the entire playing area of the field is enclosed. The possibility of unauthorized walking in the field should be excluded.

 After a few days of abundant watering, the soil will give sufficient shrinkage. In the event of irregularities, they are eliminated immediately by manual secondary planning. This completes the construction of an important structural element of the football field and / or any sports ground for the soil plant layer.

 A week before sowing on the surface of the soil of the plant layer of seeds of turf-forming herbs, mineral fertilizers must be introduced into the soil. This application of fertilizers before sowing seeds will be the main application, in the further course of the operation of the football field, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is used as necessary.

 Fertilizer application rates depend on the plant's nutrient requirements and on the availability of the soil layer of the field. The need of the plant layer for certain chemical elements is determined by annual, regularly conducted, at the same time of the year, agrochemical analyzes of the field soil. Knowing the agrochemical characteristics of this soil, it is possible to calculate how many mineral fertilizers should be applied in each case.

 Many experts believe that all types of fertilizers, both organic and mineral, should be applied to the soil plant layer. Practice shows that organic fertilizers cannot be applied to the soil layer of the field. They have a very negative effect primarily on the mechanical composition of the soil, their introduction has other undesirable consequences. Therefore, when developing the composition of the soil plant mixture and the ratio of its constituent components, this fact was also taken into account.

Claims (1)

 A soil plant mixture for growing lawns containing sandy or loamy soil, or chernozem, peat and sand, characterized in that the mixture additionally contains marble chips, and the above components are taken in the following ratio, wt. Sandy loam or loamy soil or chernozem 70.0 80.0
Peat 10.0 15.0
Sand 2.5 10.0
Marble chips 2.5 10.0n