RU2098628C1 - Method of underwater mining of mineral deposits and plant for its embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: underwater mineral mining on bottom of seas and oceans. SUBSTANCE: method includes loading rocks together with sea water into closed volume, mixing the rocks with sea water, separation of mineral and sedimentary rock, unloading sedimentary rock from the closed volume, unloading minerals into transportation facilities for subsequent lifting to the surface. Closed volume is filled with ferromagnetic fluid based on sea water and stable to dilution and sedimentation. Ferromagnetic fluid is magnetized to saturation with simultaneous preservation of state of aggregation. Rocks are mixed with the fluid; separation and unloading the minerals and sedimentation rocks are carried out by application to the mixture of an external magnetic field. Upon completion of unloading the minerals, the remaining solid sedimentation rocks are unloaded with the help of gravity force. Stabilized ferrophase included in the fluid is separated in the course of unloading from minerals. The plant carries on its load-bearing frame the following components: device for withdrawal of rocks with closed volume, mixing device, devices for cleaning the minerals and transportation of minerals and sedimentation rocks which are provided propulsive devices and pipelines devices for separation of minerals from sedimentation rocks, and unloading. Closed volume is formed by common body for all devices and filled with magnetized to saturation of ferromagnetic fluid based on sea water. Introduced into the plant are unit for formation of control actions on fluid of closed volume, devices for collection of stabilized ferrophase from unloaded rocks and device for loading the fluid to closed volume. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 24 cl, 11 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to underwater mining, and more specifically to methods and means of their development at the bottom of the seas and oceans.

 In Germany, a method for underwater mining is patented (see / 1 /, / 2, p. 26 /), which provides environmental protection. The method consists in providing clamshell cutting of rock blocks, freezing rocks in the grab and transporting them together with the grab to the surface. In this case, the cutting is carried out under the influence of the static weight of a heavy grab suspended on a rope.

 The advantage of the method is that the freezing of rocks in the grab prevents pollution of the sea by suspended sludges. Instead of the horizontal movement of rocks during the development process, causing pollution of the sea, vertical capture and transportation are used.

 The above method is implemented by technical solution / 2 /, which proposed a folding flat "freezing" grab. When descending to the bottom, the falling grab has little resistance to flow, which ensures its intensive introduction into the rock field. The grapple loaded with the rock is closed during the climb. This prevents rock emission. Upon removal to the surface, the load is pushed out of both parts of the grab using a multi-stand machine without being removed from the rope carbine. After that, the grab is immediately ready for the next descent.

 To freeze material and water, liquid air located in the grab tank is used; liquid or solid carbon dioxide can also be used for the same purpose.

 The main disadvantage of the proposed method and device that implements it is that it does not clean sedimentary rocks from minerals before lifting them to the surface. Therefore, it is necessary to make additional energy costs for freezing and lifting to the surface of waste rock.

 After separation from minerals, the waste rock has to be transported to the shore for unloading or, at best, lowered again to the developed sections of the seabed, using it in grabs as ballast, which also leads to increased energy costs. In addition, when underwater mining of rocks using the specified method, it is not possible to control the boundaries of the developed field, as a result of which extraction of minerals from missed sites is not ensured.

 A known method of underwater development of deposits (see / 4 /, / 5, p. 19-21 /), including loading rocks together with sea water into a closed volume, mixing rocks and sea water, separation of minerals and sediment, unloading sedimentary rocks from the specified volume, unloading of minerals for subsequent rise to the surface.

The method implements an installation for underwater mining of rocks, consisting of the following main functional devices:
rock extraction device, providing for the extraction of rocks from the bottom sediment layer and their direction into the enclosed volume of the internal transportation device;
mixing devices for mixing rocks and sea water;
a device for cleaning minerals from sedimentary rocks, combined with devices for the internal transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks containing transport propulsion devices with transport pipelines that ensure removal of sedimentary rocks adhering to them in the form of silt from the surface of minerals and transporting them to unloading places;
the chassis of the installation, providing movement of the power frame with the devices installed on it along the bottom surface;
devices for separating minerals and unloading sedimentary rocks, providing separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and unloading the latter to developed sections of the bottom;
a device for unloading minerals, providing for their unloading into the hopper for subsequent lifting to the surface.

 The main structural element of the installation chassis is a housing containing a power frame on which these devices are installed, the pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks connected to a closed volume, which in turn is connected via discharge valves to the pipelines for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks.

 The rock extraction device is based on mechanical grips. A variant with grippers in the form of a drum consisting of disks, each of which consists of several radial knives, is considered. A drum with knives is roughened into the soil to a depth of minerals so that the addition of the rotational speed of the drum and the speed of the collection unit provides the trajectory of the end points of the knives necessary to capture minerals of the calculated dimensions.

 The front edge of each knife is profiled so as to ensure the capture and retention of minerals during rotation of the drum. The distance between the disks is determined by the minimum size of the mineral, and the distance between the knives in each disk is the maximum size of the mineral.

 The extracted minerals together with the remains of sedimentary rocks are placed in a confined space, where they are exposed to water jets from jet pumps (rock mixers and sea water), which remove sedimentary inclusions from the surface of minerals.

 At the same time, these jets transport the resulting mixture under pressure through a flexible pipe to filters separating used water together with sediment soluble in it from minerals.

 Next, the used water and sedimentary rocks are discharged through the discharge valve to the developed bottom sections.

 Purified minerals are discharged through the discharge valve and transported, for example, by means of a screw conveyor into a storage hopper, which is connected to the lower end of the lifting pipeline using a spherical connection mounted on the frame.

According to / 6 /, the following main disadvantages inherent in this method of underwater development of deposits and the installation of it that implements in the extraction of iron-manganese nodules (LMC) were identified:
loss of iron and steel products from the full stock on the bottom up to 20%
in the process of production and subsequent transportation, large-sized FMCs are crushed (60-100 mm) to medium sizes (20-40 mm), which significantly reduces the quality of nodules;
fast abrasive wear of working and transporting devices of the installation;
the LMC is not cleaned of solid sedimentary rocks.

 In addition, the considered method and installation, working according to the principles set forth in it, are environmentally unsafe.

 Environmental damage occurs in two ways: physical pollution (pollution by solid particles, oils, discharged by turbid streams of sea water); chemical pollution (due to the transition to the dissolved state of heavy metals from over-crushed rock material).

 The use of the principle of purification and transportation of minerals proposed in the prototype also leads to a high consumption of pure sea water. So, the coefficient of its consumption per unit volume of the extracted mass of minerals (Cr) when cleaning medium-sticky sedimentary rocks is ≈10-15 units. The winding up of bottom sediments during the extraction of the LMC and the entry of suspensions into the bottom layers after separation of sedimentary rocks from the LMC leads to pollution of the water column.

Suspended by water significantly reduces its transparency. So, for example, at a suspension concentration of 700-900 mg / l it absorbs up to 90% of solar energy, which leads to a 40% reduction in the intensity of photosynthesis in the surface layer of water
The technical result of the invention is to reduce the negative burden on the ecology of the production site, as well as eliminate the above disadvantages inherent in the considered method and installation for underwater mining.

в н/м³, величина которой определяется по выражению:

где g ускорение свободного падения у поверхности Земли, в м/с²;
К_п1 коэффициент положительной плавучести осадочных пород в ФМЖОМВ;
ρ_оп плотность осадочных пород, для которых выполняется условие K_п1ρ_оп< ρ_пи,вкг/м³, где ρ_пи плотность вещества полезного ископаемого, в кг/м³;
ρ_ж плотность ФМЖОМВ, в кг/м³,
а направление совпадает с направлением к месту выгрузки осадочных пород, выделение из эмульсии, образовавшейся в процессе приложения силы

осадочных пород плотностью ρ_оп и их выгрузку осуществляют путем приложения к ней внешнего магнитного поля, величина напряженности которого определяется по выражению

где Pp рабочее давление выгрузки осадочных пород, Па;
μ_o= 4π•10^-7 магнитная проницаемость вакуума, Гн/м;

средняя равновесная намагниченность ФМЖОМВ, А/м,
причем в процессе выгрузки отделяют стабилизированную феррофазу, входящую в состав ФМЖОМВ, от осадочных пород, затем производят разделение полезных ископаемых и осадочных пород плотностью ρ_п> K_п2ρ_пи, где К_п2 коэффициент положительной плавучести полезных ископаемых в ФМЖОМВ, путем приложения к горным породам с помощью внешнего магнитного поля объемной магнитной силы

в н/м³, величина которой определяется по выражению

а направление совпадает с направлением к месту выгрузки полезных ископаемых, выделение полезных ископаемых из их смеси с ФМЖОМВ, а также их выгрузку осуществляют путем приложения к смеси внешнего магнитного поля, величина напряженности которого определяется по выражению:

где P_с рабочее давление выгрузки полезных ископаемых в Па, причем в процессе выгрузки отделяют стабилизированную феррофазу, входящую в состав ФМЖОМВ, от полезных ископаемых, а по окончанию выгрузки полезных ископаемых оставшиеся твердые осадочные породы выгружают с помощью сил тяжести, далее производят повторный цикл разработки горных пород вышеуказанным образом.To obtain a technical result in a method of underwater mining, including loading rocks together with sea water into a closed volume, mixing rocks and sea water, separating minerals and sedimentary rocks, unloading sedimentary rocks from the specified volume, unloading minerals into vehicles for subsequent rise to the surface, the rocks together with sea water are loaded into a closed volume filled with a dilution-resistant, as well as sedimentation-resistant ferro magnetic rocks based on seawater (FMJOMV), magnetized to saturation while maintaining aggregate stability, mix rocks with magnetized FMJOMV, separation of minerals and sediment is carried out by applying volumetric magnetic force to the indicated mixture using an external magnetic field

in n / m ³ , the value of which is determined by the expression:

where g is the acceleration of gravity at the surface of the Earth, in m / s ² ;
To _p1 coefficient of positive buoyancy of sedimentary rocks in FMZHOMV;
ρ _{op the} density of sedimentary rocks for which the condition K _p1 ρ _op <ρ _pi , vkg / m ³ , where ρ _{pi the} density of the mineral substance, in kg / m ³ ;
ρ _{W the} density of FMZHOMV, in kg / m ³ ,
and the direction coincides with the direction to the place of discharge of sedimentary rocks, the allocation of the emulsion formed during the application of force

sedimentary rocks of density ρ _op and their unloading is carried out by applying an external magnetic field to it, the magnitude of which is determined by the expression

where Pp is the working pressure of the discharge of sedimentary rocks, Pa;
μ _o = 4π • 10 ^-7 vacuum magnetic permeability, GN / m;

average equilibrium magnetization FMZHOMV, A / m,
moreover, in the process of unloading, the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMJWM, is separated from sedimentary rocks, then the minerals and sedimentary rocks are separated by a density ρ _p > K _p2 ρ _pi , where K _{p2 is} the positive buoyancy coefficient of minerals in the FMJWM, by application to rocks using an external magnetic field of volumetric magnetic force

in n / m ³ , the value of which is determined by the expression

and the direction coincides with the direction to the place of unloading of minerals, the selection of minerals from their mixture with FMZHOMV, as well as their unloading is carried out by applying an external magnetic field to the mixture, the magnitude of which is determined by the expression:

where P is _the working pressure of the unloading of minerals in Pa, moreover, during the unloading process, the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMHWM, is separated from the minerals, and at the end of the unloading of the minerals, the remaining solid sedimentary rocks are unloaded using gravity, then a mining cycle is repeated rocks in the above manner.

где P_о давление, необходимое для превращения липких осадочных пород в слаболипкие в Па в указанный замкнутый объем, занятый горными породами, при этом время приложения внешнего магнитного поля равняется времени превращения липких осадочных пород в слаболипкие; в способе подводной разработки месторождений разделение осадочных пород и полезных ископаемых производить путем последовательного приложения к полученной смеси с помощью внешнего магнитного поля объемных магнитных сил

в н/м³, где i= 0, 1, 2, величина которых определяется по выражению

где Δρ приращение плотности в i-ом цикле, кг/м³, а направление с направлением к месту выгрузки осадочных пород, при этом производить измерения в замкнутом объеме i-х стробирующих уменьшений плотности вещества эмульсии непосредственно над границей сепарации осадочных пород в моменты приложения сил

либо увеличений плотности вещества смеси ρ_c> ρ_c(i-1) в замкнутом объеме после приложения сил

приложение сил

прекратить, если указанных изменений в плотности веществ не наблюдается или в случае достижения значения ρ_пи-Δρ в способе подводной разработки месторождений в процессе выгрузки твердых осадочных пород с помощью сил тяжести отделять от них стабилизированную феррофазу путем воздействия магнитным полем на смесь твердых осадочных пород в ФМЖОМВ замкнутого объема; в способе подводной разработки месторождений перед отделением стабилизированной феррофазы от осадочных пород и полезных ископаемых охлаждать соответствующие им эмульсию и смесь до температуры ниже температуры окружающей морской воды, но выше температуры кристаллизации льда, а отделение проводить путем воздействия на них магнитным полем; в способе подводной разработки месторождений в каждом цикле разработки номинальную плотность ФМЖОМВ поддерживать за счет дополнительной подачи стабилизированной феррофазы в замкнутый объем из объема-накопителя; в способе подводной разработки месторождений отделенную от полезных ископаемых и осадочных пород стабилизированную феррофазу, находящуюся в морской воде, концентрировать и транспортировать в объем-накопитель ФМЖОМВ; в способе подводной разработки месторождений в случае наличия осадка в стабилизированной феррофазе ФМЖОМВ производить его диспергирование непосредственно на месте разработки месторождений.To obtain a technical result, it is proposed: in the method of underwater development of deposits in the presence of sticky sedimentary rocks, mixing in a confined space is carried out by directional movement of the FMJOMV using an external magnetic field, the intensity of which is determined by the expression:

where P is _the pressure required to convert sticky sedimentary rocks into weakly sticky in Pa into a specified enclosed volume occupied by rocks, while the application of an external magnetic field is equal to the time that sticky sedimentary rocks become weakly sticky; In the method of underwater development of deposits, separation of sedimentary rocks and minerals is carried out by successive application of volume magnetic forces to the resulting mixture using an external magnetic field

in n / m ³ , where i = 0, 1, 2, the value of which is determined by the expression

where Δρ is the density increment in the i-th cycle, kg / m ³ , and the direction is towards the place of discharge of sedimentary rocks, while measuring in a closed volume of i-gating decreases in the density of the emulsion substance directly above the separation boundary of sedimentary rocks at the moment of application of forces

or increases in the density of the mixture substance ρ _c > ρ _{c (i-1)} in a closed volume after the application of forces

force application

stop if the indicated changes in the density of substances are not observed or if the value ρ _pi -Δρ is reached in the method of underwater development of deposits in the process of unloading solid sedimentary rocks using gravity, separate the stabilized ferrophase from them by applying a magnetic field to the mixture of solid sedimentary rocks in the WWFW closed volume; in the method of underwater development of deposits, before separating the stabilized ferrophase from sedimentary rocks and minerals, cool the corresponding emulsion and mixture to a temperature below the temperature of ambient sea water but above the crystallization temperature of ice, and separate it by exposing them to a magnetic field; in the method of underwater development of deposits in each development cycle, the nominal density of the PMFOMW is maintained due to the additional supply of stabilized ferrophase to the closed volume from the storage volume; in the method of underwater development of deposits, concentrated from the mineral and sedimentary rocks, stabilized ferrophase located in sea water, concentrated and transported into the storage volume of FMZHOMV; in the method of underwater development of deposits in the case of the presence of sediment in the stabilized ferrofase FMZHOMV to disperse it directly at the site of field development.

 To achieve a technical result in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits that implements the method according to claim 1, including a rock extraction device with a closed volume mounted on a power frame, a mixing device, a device for cleaning minerals, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks containing movers transportation with transportation pipelines, devices for separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks d with unloading engines, while the pipelines for transporting minerals and sediment are connected to a closed volume, which in turn is connected through pipelines to unloading minerals and sediment, the closed volume is formed by a single body of rock extraction, mixing, and cleaning devices minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals, transporting sedimentary rocks and piping transportation devices minerals and sedimentary rocks, while the enclosed volume is filled magnetized until saturation of the FMJOMW while maintaining its aggregate stability, and also a block for the formation of control actions on the FMJOMW of a closed volume is introduced, including a device for forming control actions on the FMJOMW in a single body of the listed devices, a device for forming control of impacts on FMJOMV pipeline transportation of minerals, a device for the formation of control actions on FMJOMV t pipelines for the transportation of sedimentary rocks, in addition, it introduced devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from the unloaded rock and a device for loading FMZHOMV into a closed volume, while devices for generating control actions on FMZHOMV pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks are installed on their respective pipelines, and collection devices stabilized ferrophase with paged rock installed on pipelines for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks for the corresponding they discharge valves.

To obtain a technical result in an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, it is proposed that the formed enclosed volume be made in the form of a rectangular box, along the perimeter of the lower edge of which an immersion ridge is installed, on the closure web of the box, make side framing rails located in the guide grooves of the box, while the device extraction of rocks to perform on the basis of a flat cutting knife attached to the end of the canvas closure of the duct and provide with a drive exhaust of the shaft, and wind the closure of the box closure on the axis of laying the canvas and fasten to it through the springs, with the axis with the canvas placed in a casing mounted on the power frame, close the top of the box with a lid in the form of a cut cone, while the pipelines for transporting minerals and mount sedimentary rocks into the conical part of the box lid; In an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the propulsion device in the mixing, purification of minerals, separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks in the form of a solenoid, which is located on the outer side of the duct, is installed in the guide grooves and is equipped with a drive its movement, placed on the power frame, with movement limiters on one side to the first edge of the box, and on the other to a plane coinciding with the position m, at which the plane perpendicular to the axis of said solenoid and its secant halves, aligned with the plane defined by the other edge of the box; in an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, install the drive of the exhaust shaft on the power frame and provide four guide rollers, connect the flat cutting knife to the exhaust ropes of the blade thrown through the guide rollers and mounted on the exhaust shaft, and arrange the axes of the first and second guide rollers motionless inside the box, and the edges of the working surfaces of the first and second rollers lie on a plane formed by the edge of the box, and the axes of the third and fourth directions the cleaning rollers are mounted motionlessly inside the box so that the rollers, with their upper and lower working edges relative to the conical part of the box, respectively lie on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the box and spaced from the edge of the conical part at half the height of the solenoid of the device for generating control actions on the housing and the exhaust rope between the second and third guide rollers is adjacent to the inner wall of the box, in addition, the device for transporting minerals proxy and sediment supply conduit located inside the rotary valve closing inlets pipelines transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks, which drive is mounted on the top cut conical part of the box cover; in an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the propulsors in the devices for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks should be made in the form of solenoids installed on pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks over the corresponding discharge pipelines; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the control actions generation unit for closed-loop FMWHMs should be made in the form of a device (control actions to be carried out on FMHWHMs in a single unit of rock extraction, mixing, mineral cleaning, separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks, a device for the formation of control actions on FMZHOMV pipeline transportation of minerals, a device the formation of control actions on the FMJOMV pipeline for transporting sedimentary rocks to the device for generating nominal parameters FMJOMV, while the device for generating nominal parameters FMJOMV, in turn, is implemented as a density control system FMJOMV, a dispersant supply system and heating loop FMJOMV, and the density monitoring system FMJOMV be equipped with a densitometer control of the process of loading the rock, densitometer control of the separation process, densitometer to control the discharge of sedimentary rocks and densitometer control the loading of minerals, moreover, the density meter for monitoring the process of loading the rock is located inside the box behind the plane formed by the edges of the box, and the density meter for controlling the separation process over the plane perpendicular to the axis of the box and spaced from the conical side at a half of the height of the solenoid of the device for forming control actions on FMZHOMV of the installation case, the sensitivity axes of densitometers for monitoring the discharge of sedimentary rocks and minerals are perpendicular to the longitudinal axes to lapans for unloading sedimentary rocks and minerals and together form planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of pipelines for transporting sedimentary rocks and minerals, respectively; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for forming control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the housing installation, block mixing rock and FMZHOMV, block cleaning and separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and wasp transportation full-time rocks to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the unit, a block for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the unit and the switchboard for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device for generating control actions for the case of the installation with a control panel, while these units are connected in parallel through the switch broadcast control actions on the formations NIJ magnetic fields in the solenoid control actions FMZHOMV installation housing for solenoid coils forming apparatus control actions FMZHOMV unit casing; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for generating control actions on the FMWHM of the mineral transportation pipeline should be made in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the mineral transportation pipeline, a block for unloading minerals from their transportation pipeline and a switch for transmitting control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid Mineral unloading with a control panel, while the indicated bl connect the oki in parallel through the switchboard for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid for unloading minerals, to the winding of the solenoid for unloading minerals, and make the device for forming control actions for PMFLMW in the sedimentary rocks transportation pipeline as a block of stabilized ferrophase retention in the sedimentary rocks transportation pipeline, unit for the discharge of sedimentary rocks from the pipeline for their transportation and switch broadcasting managers in impacts on the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid for unloading sedimentary rocks with a control panel, while these units are connected in parallel through the switch for transmitting control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid for unloading sedimentary rocks, to the coil of the solenoid for unloading sedimentary rocks; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for forming control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the housing installation, block mixing rock and FMZHOMV, block cleaning and separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and wasp transportation full-time rocks to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the installation casing, a block for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the installation casing and a block for breaking soft sedimentary rocks, each of which is connected via a control translation relay the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device for the formation of control actions on the PMZHOMV installation casing, to the winding of the solenoid of the device for the formation of control actions tvy FMZHOMV on the unit casing; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for forming control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the housing installation, block mixing rock FMZHOMV, "i" pairs of blocks from the purification and separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and vehicles alignment of sedimentary rocks to the place of unloading and blocks of separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the body of the unit, block of transportation of minerals to the place of unloading, block of unloading of minerals from the body of the unit, each of which is connected through a switch for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid devices for forming control actions on the housing unit’s FMHOMV, to the solenoid winding the device for forming control actions on the housing unit ОМОМOMV is installed ki; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for forming control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the housing installation, block mixing rock FMZHOMV, block cleaning and separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and siege transportation minerals to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the unit, a unit for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the unit and the unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the unit when unloading solid sedimentary rocks, each of which to connect through the switchboard of broadcasting of control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device of reinforcing actions on the device housing, to the solenoid winding yes control devices on the device housing; In an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, each of the devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from the paged rock should be made in the form of a refrigerator and a device for separating ferrophase from the paged rock, which in turn contains four electromagnetic traps of stabilized ferrophase installed on pipelines for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks their axes of symmetry, while the hollow cores of the electromagnets of these traps are simultaneously open pipelines hibernation FMZHOMV and refrigerator set to discharge pipes before separating device ferrophase discharged from the breed; in an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the device for loading the FMJOMV into a closed volume is made in the form of a storage tank FMZHOMV with a loading valve FMZHOMV installed in the lid of the storage tank FMZHOMV and containing a shut-off solenoid, while the storage tank FMZHOMV is connected to each of the transportation pipelines minerals and sedimentary rocks pressure equalization valves installed on the bottom of the storage tank, and the bottom of the storage tank is installed close to the solenoids unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks, while the longitudinal axis of the solenoids and pressure equalization valves coincide, and the axes themselves are perpendicular to the plane formed by the bottom of the storage tank FMZHOMV; in an installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, each of the devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from the paged rock should be made in the form of a refrigerator, a device for separating the ferrophase from the paged rock, a device for transporting separated ferrophase, a concentrator of ferrophase, a device for transporting concentrated ferrophase and a device for loading concentrated ferrophase into a storage tank FMZHOMV, while the device for transporting the separated ferrophase contains pipelines, the inputs of which connected to the pipelines for pumping the device for separating the ferrophase from the paged rock, and the exits with the entrances to the ferrophase concentrator with the installed ferrophase loading solenoid, and in each pipeline the j-th solenoids of transporting the separated ferrophase are installed, where j 1, 2, 3, n are the number of these solenoids, for which the condition is satisfied:
H _m ∩H _j ∩ H _j + 1∩ H _{j + 2} ∩ ... ∩ H _{j + n} ∩ H _q1
where N _{m is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic trap of the ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting the separated ferrophase, in A / m;
Hj, j + 1, j + 2, j + n the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strengths from the j-th solenoids of transportation of the separated ferrophase in the pipeline of transportation of the separated ferrophase, in A / m;
N _k1 - the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field of the solenoid loading the ferrophase into the concentrator in the pipelines of transportation of the separated ferrophase, in A / m,
in addition, the magnetic field vectors lying on the axis of each of these electromagnets and solenoids are directed towards the transport of the separated ferrophase, the concentrated ferrophase transport device contains a pipeline, the input of which is connected to the output of the ferrophase concentrator, on which the ferrophase concentration solenoid is installed, and the output is the entrance to the storage tank FMZHOMV, with the installed solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase, while in the specified pipe installed "q" e oids for transporting concentrated ferrophase, where q 1, 2, 3, m is the number of the indicated solenoids for which the condition
H _k2 ∩H _q ∩H _{q + 1} ∩H _{q + 2} ∩ ... ∩H _{q + 1} ∩H _z
where N _{k2 is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid for concentrating the ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting concentrated ferrophase in A / m;
H _q , q + 1, q + 2, q + m the distribution area of the working magnetic field strengths of the q-x solenoids of transportation of concentrated ferrophase in the pipeline of transportation of concentrated ferrophase, in A / m,
H _{z is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank FMZHOMV in the pipeline for transporting concentrated ferrophase, in A / m, in addition, the magnetic field vector vectors lying on the axis of each of these solenoids are directed towards the concentrated transport ferrophase, and the device for loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank FMZHOMV, in addition to the specified solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase, contains en loading concentrated ferrophase installed at the outlet of the pipeline transporting concentrated ferrophase, while the axis of the valve and the loading solenoid concentrated ferrophase coincide; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the FMZHOMV density control system should be implemented as a density meter for controlling the rock loading process, a density meter for controlling the separation process, a density meter for controlling the discharge of sedimentary rocks, a density meter for controlling the unloading of minerals and a density meter for density control in the FMZHOMV storage tank located on the side the bottom of the specified tank; in the installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits, the dispersant supply system should be implemented as a fuel displacement device for jet engines for orienting a spacecraft with single-component fuel.

 The introduction of new features in the proposed "Method. Installation." allows you to achieve the specified technical result.

 The use of the principle of ferrohydrostatic separation in the process steps, in particular with regard to production, allows practically avoiding losses. The actions of the method are aimed at this, which, due to the sequential separation of sedimentary rocks from nodules, exclude the enveloping of their finely divided parts and unloading together with sedimentary rocks. And in the presence of lumps of nodules with the formation of sticky sedimentary rocks, the action of the method allows to destroy these lumps and bring the rock to a weakly sticky state. At the same time, the destruction of the ZhMK itself does not occur, since the pressure necessary for the destruction of sticky sedimentary rocks is orders of magnitude less than those values necessary for the destruction of their solid structure.

 The use of magnetorheological fluid as a working body (tool) almost eliminates the abrasive wear of working and rock-transporting devices, since the liquid itself does not produce the indicated destructive effect and largely envelops the rock itself, preventing its direct contact with the metal of the structure.

 The developed method and installation, which implements it, allows you to clean minerals from both soft and hard sedimentary rocks without lifting to the surface. This eliminates the energy consumption for raising waste rock and its further processing.

Despite the fact that the development of minerals is carried out with the direct laying of waste rock on the developed sections of the bottom, the environmental impact of the whole process is minimal. So, according to / 6 /, three levels of pollution parameters of the water column are calculated:
the first level when dumping drained pulps to the surface of the sea;
the second level is located at an altitude of the order of 130-160 m;
the third level of contamination is due to the operation of the bottom module of the production unit (extraction unit, collection unit body, propulsors, LMC washing device, LMC crushing device).

 If we consider only the pollution of water column from sedimentary rocks, then the first two levels of pollution in the proposed method are excluded altogether. And the third level is the most environmentally friendly for all known cases of direct near-bottom mining of minerals without rising to the surface of waste rock (see / 1-6 /). Relative ecological purity is achieved both by the choice of the principle of ferrohydrostatic separation, and by a special selection of magnetorheological liquid, the basis of which is sea water directly from the development site. So, if in the prototype sedimentary rocks are eroded and carried away from the surface of minerals with sea water, which leads to a significant consumption of it, then in the proposed method, sedimentary rocks are displaced from sea water, which is part of the FMJOMV. Moreover, this displacement occurs in a certain volume filled with sea water, which is the object of pollution. And the indicated volume can be structurally reduced up to the required value determined directly by the volume of the waste rock itself, i.e. due to the displacement of lighter sedimentary rocks from areas of a strong magnetic field created in the FMHOMW, they can be concentrated (compacted) before direct discharge in a certain part of the enclosed volume. Further, it is also possible to localize and subject to the necessary technological processing (for example, cooling, as proposed in the method, or packaging, etc.) and unload it in the form of an environmentally friendly product to the developed bottom sections.

 Subject to the nominal parameters of FMZHOMV (resistance to dilution, sedimentation and aggregative stability of FMZHOMV), this liquid does not produce any physical or chemical pollution of the environment. The surfactant in this case does not separate from the ferrophase and does not allow the appearance of "fatty" components in the form of organic oils. Stabilized ferrophase also does not enter into a chemical reaction with the developed breed. The absence of crushing of the rock during the development process eliminates the possibility of its chemical reaction with sea water. FMZHOMV itself is separated from the paged rock and collected, at the same time it is controlled according to the nominal parameters and, if necessary, restored directly to the installation. This is necessary both to preserve the continuity of the technological process (in terms of preserving the working body), and to fulfill the requirements for the composition of the mineral substance after its extraction, to preserve the environment (the absence of inclusions not characteristic of it directly).

 Installation that implements the proposed method also has a number of design advantages over the prototype. So, in one case-box it was possible to combine all its main devices, the elements of which at certain stages of technological operations complement each other. For example, a rock extraction device made on the basis of a flat cutting knife fixed to the box closure blade allows in technological operations to divide the closed volume in certain proportions. If we take into account that at the same time in different parts of the indicated volume there is a substance of different composition, it is clear that the specified device performs part of the functions of another device for separating minerals from sedimentary rocks. All this makes it possible to constructively simplify installation, reduce the number of drive mechanisms, which is beneficial both from an economic and environmental point of view (reduction of physical pollution in the form of oils from working drives of various devices).

 The choice of pulsed solenoids as propulsors for the mass of the transported rock in the installation also reduces the physical pollution of the medium in operational characteristics compared to the electromechanical drives of the prototype propulsors.

 Despite the fact that the proposed method offers a fundamentally new technological process, a number of complete technical solutions known from space technology have been proposed for the installation that implements it. In particular, these are various groups of solenoids used in the magnetic executive bodies of spacecraft orientation systems (SC), the spacecraft onboard systems control system, and the propellant supply device for rocket orientation engines with single-component fuel. This allows you to reduce the cost of design and production of these structural elements of the plants.

 Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the necessary technical result, as claimed in the proposed method and installation, is achieved. As for the quantitative estimates, they will be given as the application is further described.

 In the mid 60's. liquid ferromagnets were obtained, ferromagnetic liquids combining the properties of a ferromagnetic material with the properties of a carrier fluid (see / 7.8 /). To date, a number of methods and technical devices that implement them have been tested, in which magnetic fluids are used as a working body. One of such applications of these fluids, namely for ferrohydrostatic separation (see / 7, p. 104-107; 8, p. 39 /), is proposed by the authors to be used for underwater mining of mineral deposits.

где

магнитная объемная сила, в н;

сила Архимеда, в н;

сила тяжести, в н.A non-magnetic body immersed in a magnetic fluid to which an inhomogeneous magnetic field is applied will experience the action of a force pushing this body into the region of a weak field (see / 7, p. 106 /). At a certain height, the forces will be balanced:

Where

magnetic volumetric force, in n;

the power of Archimedes, in n;

gravity, in n.

записано для единичного объема, занимаемого немагнитным телом, а для произвольного объема V выражение (1) можно записать в виде

где g ускорение свободного падения у поверхности Земли в м/с²;
ρ_ж плотность магнитной жидкости, кг/м³;
ρ_м плотность материала погруженного тела в кг/м³.Power value

is written for a unit volume occupied by a nonmagnetic body, and for an arbitrary volume V, expression (1) can be written as

where g is the acceleration of gravity at the Earth's surface in m / s ² ;
ρ _{W the} density of magnetic fluid, kg / m ³ ;
ρ _{m the} density of the material of the immersed body in kg / m ³ .

позволяет всплывать немагнитным телам плотностью:

где

в н/м³, где μ_o= 4π•10^-7 магнитная проницаемость вакуума, Гн/м;
M намагниченность магнитной жидкости, в А/м;
H напряженность внешнего магнитного поля, в А/м;
▽ (набла) оператор

где

орты базиса магнитного поля.From the expression (2) it follows that the force

allows non-magnetic bodies to float with a density of:

Where

in n / m ³ , where μ _o = 4π • 10 ^{-7 is the} magnetic permeability of vacuum, GN / m;
M magnetization of a magnetic fluid, in A / m;
H is the intensity of the external magnetic field, in A / m;
▽ (nabla) operator

Where

unit vectors of the magnetic field basis.

 A similar expression is presented in / 8, p. 39 /. Magnetic fluids are a type of colloidal system, and the colloidal particles of the magnetic material represent single-domain regions whose magnetic moments interact with each other. To prevent particles from sticking together, surfactants are introduced into the liquid base, which form protective adsorption layers on the particles (stabilize the ferrophase).

The indicated liquids can be prepared on (see / 7, p. 34-39 /):
hydrocarbon based (kerosene, transformer oil, condenser oil, etc.);
organosilicon base;
organofluorine-based;
water based.

 The choice of the basis is proposed to be carried out taking into account access to the working body (which is magnetic fluid (MF)) of the sea water environment of the place of mining.

 In the case of a hydrocarbon base, the MF is easily separated by the force of Archimedes, since the density of the substances that make up the base is lower than the density of sea water. Thus, the MF loses its basis and the properties characteristic of a liquid ferromagnet. At the same time, severe environmental pollution will occur (one of the significant drawbacks of physical pollution inherent in the prototype is repeated). Therefore, in this case, it is impossible to keep the working body open, which greatly complicates the conditions of its operation by the need to isolate the separation process in relation to the external environment.

 In the case of using an organosilicon or organofluorine base, the aforementioned separation can be avoided, however, according to / 7 /, it is not possible to select the optimal composition of the magnetic fluid in a mass ratio ferromagnetic surfactant base. In addition, the properties of these liquids in terms of their resistance to dilution with sea water have not been studied. The bases under consideration themselves are chemically active substances and, in contact with sea water, as well as with rocks, can enter into a chemical reaction with them, thereby losing their properties, producing chemical pollution of the environment, and it is undesirable to affect minerals.

Based on the above arguments, it is proposed to use water-based magnetic fluid as a working body for underwater mining of rock deposits. Obviously, the above disadvantages are not inherent in such a magnetic fluid. Consider a slightly more detailed selected class of water-based magnetic fluids. Highly dispersed magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) has been widely used as a ferrophase in such liquids.
see / 9, p. 3-10 /. The possibility of using various substances as a surfactant in the synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids (FMF) in water with magnetite was tested and it was shown that highly magnetic and stable liquids can be obtained with lauryl sulfate and sodium oleate in combination with dodecylamine and undecylamine hydrochloride.

 For PMF, two main types of stability are distinguished: sedimentation, associated with the settling of solid particles in force fields (gravity, centrifugal force) without sticking, and aggregative resistance to the unification of particles among themselves (violation of the surfactant function), which over time leads to a decrease in the number of particles in unit of volume.

 As shown in / 9 /, it was possible to obtain highly sedimentational and aggregatively stable water-based breast cancer using the above surfactants.

 The U.S. Mining Bureau investigated the production of a similar class of magnetic fluids for suitability for the enrichment of minerals and materials by ferrohydrostatic separation (see / 10 /). At the same time, another property of such PMF was considered that it is resistant to dilution with excess water. It was shown that the prepared water-based BCF using dodecylamic acid did not show resistance to dilution. After the addition of a copious amount of water, irreversible flocculation occurred. When dodecanoic (lauric) acid was used instead of dodecylamine as a dispersing agent, the resulting aqueous magnetic fluid was more resistant to dilution with water. In some samples, excess water and sediment were separated at a ratio of over 100: 1. The precipitate in this case differed from that obtained with dodecylamine in that it looked like a moistened briquette with a rubber-like structure. The resulting "rubber" can be redispersed by heating in a small volume of water containing a small amount of ammonia hydroxide.

 In addition to providing the above nominal parameters of the breast, it is necessary for the proposed use case to consider also the resistance of the liquid to the action of electrolytes. It is known that sea water can also be attributed to weak electrolytes. So, for example, according to the passport of physicochemical tests of the surface layer (up to 5 m) of seawater (see / 11 /), taken in the Novorossiysk region, carried out using a universal ion-type type EV-74, the average pH value was 7.41 ( slightly alkaline environment). It was shown in / 12 / that the stability of magnetic fluids of the considered class is preserved in the pH range from ≈ 4 to ≈ 12 units, i.e. the slightly alkaline environment, which is sea water, does not affect the stability of the liquids in question.

 From the foregoing, the following conclusion can be drawn: ferromagnetic fluid based on seawater (PMFMW) using finely dispersed magnetite as a ferrophase, and as a surfactant, dodecanoic (lauric) acid compounds do not lose their original properties when it comes into contact with surrounding sea water. With a strong “washing” with this water (ratio over 100: 1), a precipitate may appear in the PMFMW, however, this process is reversible, i.e. Dispersible. The specified liquid also has aggregative and sedimentation stability.

 Let us evaluate the sedimentation stability of the selected FMJOMV, based on the depth of field development.

When centrifuging a magnetic fluid until a critical separation factor is reached, the pressure to which a magnetic particle coated with a surfactant is subjected can be estimated approximately by the expression
P _c ≈ ρ _l • g _cr • L (4),
where g _cr acceleration of the critical separation factor, in m / s ² ;
L hypsometric height (see / 7, p. 9 /), in m.

In the process of underwater development of deposits and the use of FMJOMV as a working body in confined volumes connected to the external environment, pressure will act on the specified particle
P = ρ _m.v. • g • h (5),
where ρ _m.v. density of sea water, in kg / m ³ ;
h depth of development, in m.

выполнение которого обеспечивает седиментационную устойчивость ФМЖОМВ на глубине h подводной разработки.From expressions (4) and (5) we can obtain the inequality

the implementation of which provides sedimentation stability FMZHOMV at a depth h of underwater mining.

Однако необходимо отметить, что полученное значение h не является абсолютно предельным. Существуют способы повышения седиментационной устойчивости магнитных жидкостей, так, например, получены жидкости, для которых g_кр 150000g (см. /8, стр. 28/).If we take the following initial data for calculation:
g _cr = 6000 g, see [9]
ρ _m.v. = 1040 kg / m ³ , cm [6];
ρ _W = 1200 kg / m ³ , cm [10,12];
L 0.08 m, see / 7 /,
then the maximum depth of development, based on (4), (5), will be equal to

However, it should be noted that the obtained value of h is not absolutely limiting. There are ways to increase the sedimentation stability of magnetic fluids, for example, fluids are obtained for which g _cr 150,000 g (see / 8, p. 28 /).

 To further describe the proposed method for underwater mining, it is necessary to consider the conditions of occurrence of minerals and their physico-chemical characteristics.

 As an example, we take the most typical case of the production of LMCs (see / 6 /).

The composition of the LMC contains up to 30 different chemical elements, including
Manganese 1.7.42
Iron 0.8-22
Copper Up to 2
Nickel Up to 1.5
Cobalt Up to 1.5
FMC can be attributed to weakly magnetic and non-magnetic materials. At a rock development depth of up to 0.1 m, the average bed mass is ≈ 15 kg / m ² The volumetric mass of wet nodules is 1960.2050 kg / m ³ . Several morphological types of LMCs are distinguished: spherical, ellipsoidal, nodular, tiled, cortical. The largest area distribution was obtained by the ZhMK variety with a size of 0.05 to 0.1 m. The particle size distribution in percent is given in the table.

 In addition to the LMC, the bottom rocks include soft and hard sedimentary rocks. The most common soft sedimentary bottom rocks are more often represented by weak illite-montomorillonite rocks (up to 80%) and less commonly by soft related montmorillonite-illite rocks (up to 20%).

Characteristics of illite-montmorillonite sedimentary rocks:
viscous-fluid and fluid-plastic rocks;
density 1.21 • 10.1.27 • 10 kg / m ³ ;
natural humidity 205.282%
stickiness 0.04.0.23 kPa (weakly sticky at a load of 7 kPa);
rotational shear resistance is 2.2.9.8 kPa;
residual strength of 0.7.4 kPa.

Characteristics of montmolonite-illite clay rocks:
soft plastic rocks;
density -1.11 • 10.1.32 • 10 kg / m ³ ;
natural humidity 173.185%
stickiness 0.07 kPa (non-sticky);
Residual shear resistance 9.6.15.5 kPa;
residual strength 1.6.7.6 kPa.

 Solid sedimentary rocks are represented by a variety of basalt foundation rocks, rockfall sites, clay fields, etc. Their density can be either higher or lower than the density of the LMC.

 The immersion depth of the LMC in the bottom sediments does not exceed 100 mm.

Consider a possible scheme of underwater rock separation using FMZHOMV. Figure 1 presents the elements of such a scheme, where the notation is introduced:
1 box (cylindrical or rectangular); 2 opening tray pan; 3 pallet spring; 4 pallet lock; 5 drive lock; 6 agitator with drive; 7 rock loading valve; 8 rock discharge valve with electric valve; 9 pressure equalization valve with filter; 10 solenoid control actions on FMZHOMV; 11 - FMJOMV.

 The dotted line shows the level of loading of rocks in box 1. Arrows indicate the direction of movement of rocks and sea water. In addition, the tear drawing shows a graph of the distribution of the magnetic field along the axis of the solenoid OZ.

 Inside the closed box 1 is a mixer 6, the drive of which is located in its upper part from the outside. The solenoid of control actions on FMZHOMV 10 covers the lateral part of the duct, and the opening pallet of the duct 2 under the action of the spring of the pallet 3 occupies the initial position of the plane of the secant solenoid 10 in half. The latch of the pallet 4 is brought by the drive of the latch 5 under the pallet and holds it in the indicated state. The rock loading valve 7 is located above the solenoid 10 on the lateral outer part of the duct 1, and the rock discharge valves 8 are located on the outer side of the upper part of the duct 1. A pressure balancing valve with a filter 9 is located on the outer part of the duct, above the solenoid 10, on the opposite side of the valve 7.

 With the help of a mixer 5, it is possible to mix any mixture located in the volume of the box 1. Through the valve 7, the rocks are loaded into the box 1, and the rocks are unloaded through the valves 8. The valve 9, equipped with a filter, allows you to equalize the pressure between the internal volume of the box and the external environment (sea water of the place of immersion) due to the bypass of sea water in both directions. Using the solenoid 10, it is possible to produce various electromagnetic technological effects on FMZHOMV 11, filling the lower part of the volume of the box 1.

 In the initial state, FMZHOMV 11 is magnetized up to saturation and can be prevented from flowing out by both the tray 2 (in the closed position) and the magnetic field of the solenoid 10 (with the tray 2 open). Moreover, the retention of FMZHOMV 11 means the retention in a magnetic field of a given amount of stabilized ferrophase, which is necessary to create a magnetic fluid of nominal concentration. At the same time, seawater (base) can partially change due to overflow from the volume of box 1 and vice versa.

 In the initial state, the box 1 is closed by a pallet 2 using a spring 3 and fixed by a latch 4 using a drive 5. Next, through the valve 7, rocks are loaded with sea water into the closed volume of the box 1. At the same time, the valves of the solenoid valves 8 are closed and the volume is filled with simultaneous displacement of sea water from its upper part through valve 9. During the displacement process, the filter delays possible ingress of rock particles.

 Rocks as heavier than sea water are lowered into the lower part of the enclosed volume of box 1 and mixed with the help of a mixer in the magnetized FMZHOMV. The load level is determined by the boundaries of the magnetic field of the solenoid.

Цель воздействия - отделение осадочных пород меньших по плотности (ρ_оп) по сравнению с плотностью полезных ископаемых (ρ_пи)
Исходя из выражения (3) начало левитации осадочных пород будет происходить при

Однако для технологического процесса необходимо иметь определенный коэффициент положительной плавучести осадочных пород в ФМЖОМВ (К_п1), тем самым будет обеспечиваться динамика процесса. Поэтому

определяется по выражению:

Значение К_п1 должно выбираться из условия Kп1ρ_оп< ρ_пи, иначе будут всплывать и полезные ископаемые. С другой стороны, оно должно обеспечить динамику процесса и не приводить к перерасходу электроэнергии для создания

Из указанных соображений, эмпирически и устанавливается данный коэффициент.At the end of mixing, the resulting mixture using the solenoid 10 is affected by volumetric magnetic force

The purpose of the impact is the separation of sedimentary rocks of lower density (ρ _op ) compared with the density of minerals (ρ _pi )
Based on expression (3), the onset of levitation of sedimentary rocks will occur when

However, the process must have a certain positive buoyancy ratio sediment in FMZHOMV (C _n1), thereby the process dynamics is provided. therefore

determined by the expression:

The value of K _p1 should be selected from the condition Kp1ρ _op <ρ _pi , otherwise minerals will also pop up. On the other hand, it should ensure the dynamics of the process and not lead to an excessive consumption of electricity to create

From these considerations, empirically, this coefficient is established.

можно записать

где

орт, определявший ось соленоида.If the vector of the magnetic field gradient is directed along the axis of the solenoid, then, based on the general expression for

can write

Where

unit determining the axis of the solenoid.

(путем определенного пропускания тока по соленоиду) в требуемом направлений. Кроме этого, поддон 2 должен располагаться не ниже уровня максимального значения H (на фиг. 1 он расположен по границе, определенной H_max), иначе образованная электромагнитная пробка из ФМЖОМВ не дает возможности всплывать породе, приходящейся ниже указанного уровня.The maximum value of the gradient in the center of the solenoid and then its value decreases in both directions (see / 13 /). In order for sedimentary rocks to float to the upper part of the duct 1, it is necessary to mechanically block one of these directions using the pallet 2 and direct the vector

(by a certain transmission of current through the solenoid) in the required directions. In addition, the pallet 2 should be located not lower than the level of the maximum value of H (in Fig. 1 it is located at the boundary defined by H _max ), otherwise the formed electromagnetic plug from FMZHOMV does not allow the formation of rock falling below the specified level.

 Equating expression (8) and (9), we can determine the required value of the gradient of the magnetic field strength for the boundary level of the ascent of the rock (see the dotted line in figure 1).

Для примера расчета примем следующие исходные данные:

М 25•10³ А/М (см. /9/)
тогда

Как видно из /13/, это вполне приемлемое значение градиента напряженности магнитного поля для расчета параметров соленоида 10.

For an example of calculation, we take the following initial data:

M 25 • 10 ³ A / M (see / 9 /)
then

As can be seen from / 13 /, this is a quite acceptable value of the magnetic field gradient for calculating the parameters of solenoid 10.

 After the emergence of sedimentary rocks with the help of electric drives, the valves of the discharge valves 8 are opened and the formed emulsion of sedimentary rocks in sea water is unloaded (pumped out). In this case, the stabilized ferrophase is kept in the magnetic field of the solenoid 10, and through the valve 9, pure sea water is drawn. At the same time, the reverse flow of water flushes the filter behind the valve. Light rocks are carried away from the filter, heavier rocks settle towards the pallet 2.

где К_п2 коэффициент положительной плавучести полезных ископаемых в ФМЖОМВ.After unloading sedimentary rocks and closing valves 8, we apply volumetric magnetic force to the remaining mixture

where K _{p2 is the} coefficient of positive buoyancy of minerals in FMZHOMV.

 Similarly to (10), it is possible to calculate the value of the gradient of the magnetic field strength for the boundary level of ascent of minerals.

Floated minerals are also discharged through the discharge valves 8, while holding the magnetized stabilized ferrophase using the magnetic field of the solenoid 10, and equalize the pressure inside the closed volume using valve 9. At the end of the unloading of minerals, close valves 8. After two of these steps, the separation is sedimentary rocks with a density ρ _n > K _n2 • ρ _ni remain in pallet 2 To unload them, it is enough to unlock the pallet 2 by removing the retainer 4 using drive 5. Then, under the action of the gravity of the rock the pallet 2 will open, having smashed the spring 3, and the rock mass will be unloaded. In this case, the stabilized ferrophase will be held within the magnetic field of the upper part of the solenoid 10 due to disconnection of the lower part of its winding. There are other options for holding the ferrophase within a closed volume, for example, by installing an electromagnet inside the volume, which is turned on when the tray 2 is opened.

 At the end of the unloading of the rock remaining after separation, the pan 2 with the help of spring 3 returns to its original state, is fixed with the help of the clamp 4, and thus the circuit is ready for a repeated separation cycle.

On the example of this scheme of work, it is shown how it is possible to separate rocks by their separation, using FMJOMV as a working body. However, any method of underwater development of deposits includes a number of other operations that represent a complete technological cycle, namely:
rock trimming;
excavation of rocks;
rock transportation;
purification of minerals from sedimentary rocks;
separation of minerals and sedimentary rocks;
unloading of minerals for subsequent rise to the surface;
unloading of sedimentary rocks with simultaneous laying on developed areas of the seabed.

Consider the use of FMJOMV when performing the entire list of technological operations. In FIG. 2 a), b), c), d), e) a rock notching scheme is proposed that is most suitable for the proposed technological cycle of field development. Moreover, in addition to the previously introduced, the following new designations are adopted:
12 flat cutting knife; 13 canvas closing box; 14 axis of laying the canvas closure of the box; 15 connecting spring; 16 casing of the axis of laying the web; 17 guide side of the web; 18 guide groove of the canvas of the box for drawing the canvas; 19 - exhaust ropes of the canvas; 20 - exhaust shaft with rope winding drums; 21 drive exhaust shaft; 22 - the first guide roller of the canvas; 23 second web guide roller; 24 third web guide roller; 25 fourth web guide roller; 26-submersible ridge; 27 guide grooves of the movement of the solenoid.

 The cutting knife 12 is rigidly attached to the end of the blade 13, wound on the axis 14 and secured to it with a connecting spring 15. The coiled blade 13 together with the axis 14 is placed in the casing 16 mounted on the power frame. On both edges of the web 13, guide rails 17 are installed, which are included in the guide grooves 18, which are located around the perimeter of the sides of the web. To the two extreme points of the cutting knife 12 are attached exhaust ropes 19, laid in grooves 18 and fixed with their other ends to the winding drums of the ropes of the exhaust shaft 20, which has its own independent drive 21. In addition, four guide rollers of the blade 22-25 are installed at the corners of the box 1 having the numbering of the first or fourth, with the origin from the casing of the axis of the web. An immersion ridge 26 is attached to the end side walls of the box. In FIG. 2d) also shows the position of the solenoid 10 at the time of cutting the rock, and in FIG. 2e) the same position when lifting the box 1 over the development section and “sliding” the solenoid along the guide grooves 27. The rectangular shapes of the box 1 allow continuous processing of the development section due to the fit of the lateral connecting lines of the penetration.

 In the initial position, a flat cutting knife 12 is located under the first guide roller 22, and the blade 13 is wound on the laying axis 14 due to the pulling force of the connecting spring 15. When installing the box 1 on the development site under the action of gravity, it is deepened to the required rock development depth. Immersion ridge 26, made, for example, of reinforced rubber, allows you to absorb the contact of the duct 1 with the bottom rocks. To regulate the pressure of the box on the ground and the depth of its immersion is possible by changing the area of contact of the end part of the solenoid 10 with the plot of the developed surface. In addition, adjustments can be made, as will be shown later, due to other installation devices for underwater development of deposits.

 After placing the box 1 at the bottom (see Fig. 2d), the drive 21 is turned on and the ropes 19 are pulled out by the rope 13. The spring 15 is loaded and the rope is wound onto the winding drums mounted on the shaft 20. The cutting knife 12 cuts the rocks into the depth of the box 1 (0.1 m). At the second guide roller 23, the knife is stopped and held due to electrodynamic braking of the drive 21, which goes into the "fixing" mode. Next, the box 1 is lifted and the solenoid 10 along the guides drops to the level necessary for the subsequent process for the separation of rocks (see in Fig. 1 the position of the pallet 2).

 From the above description it follows that the scheme of notching rocks using a flat knife moving along the bottom of the box is most acceptable for the proposed method of developing deposits, since it does not require additional transportation of the rock from the place of notching to the place of its direct processing.

 The conditions for the occurrence of rocks at the bottom require in most cases the inclusion of operations to clean minerals from sticky sediment. So, in particular, it is necessary to clean the LMC from illite-montimorillonite sedimentary rocks. Partial cleaning can be achieved by mixing the rock in accordance with the scheme shown in figure 1, by mechanically removing part of the softer sediment from harder minerals. For complete cleaning, it is necessary to first destroy the sticky rocks, turning them from sticky to weakly sticky. So, with illite-montimorillonite sedimentary rocks, for this it is necessary to influence them with an excess pressure of 7 kPa.

In the prototype, the cleaning process is carried out by washing with a stream of water and combined with the process of internal transportation, i.e. during the entire transportation inside the installation, the LMFs are exposed to jets of water directed under a certain pressure and removing the inclusion of sedimentary rocks from the surface of the LMF. Studies of this cleaning method, presented in / 6 /, show that in order to achieve the cleanliness requirements of the raised LMCs with admissible inclusions of gangue not more than 10% of the total mass, thorough mixing of the rock mixture is necessary under the influence of directed jets of water. For this, special complex devices are created that combine the functions of vertical rotor conveyors and directly washing devices. In addition to the complexity of the design, another significant question arises: "Where to put the waste water?". The water consumption is quite large (flow coefficient K _p = 10.15) and it must either be cleaned specifically for direct discharge to the developed areas, which requires the creation of a special filter system, or transported to the surface with minerals in airlift or ejector lifting means.

где

средняя равновесная намагниченность ФМЖОМВ.The task is simplified, and the water flow is limited only by the internal working volumes, if for the purification of minerals from sedimentary rocks, use the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMJOMV. For this, in the process of incision of rocks, the magnetized stabilized ferrophase FMJOMV 11 is located in the region of the magnetic field created by the second solenoid, see 28 in Fig. 3, located above the first solenoid 10. If after cutting the rocks, remove this magnetic field and create a new one using solenoid 10, then the stabilized ferrophase FMZHOMV 11 will rush to the region of this field and create a pressure higher in that part where the magnetic field strength is higher (see / 7, p. 106 /). Initially, the pressure P _о necessary for the transformation of sticky sedimentary rocks into weakly sticky is known (for the considered example, P _о ≈7 kPa). Then from the expression (3.4), see / 7, p. 105 /, it is possible to determine the required external magnetic field strength H _о in A / M, created at the level of the working plane by solenoid 10:

Where

average equilibrium magnetization

25•10 А/М:

Как показано в /14/, создание магнитного поля расчетной напряженности с помощью существующих типов соленоидов вполне возможно.We immediately estimate Ho, taking

25 • 10 A / M:

As shown in / 14 /, the creation of a magnetic field of the calculated intensity using existing types of solenoids is quite possible.

The time of application of an external magnetic field should be equal to the time of transformation of sticky sedimentary rocks into weakly sticky. Such a time is comparable with the relaxation time of the FMWHMW and amounts to 10 ^-6 .10 ^-5 s (see / 7, p. 62 /). Therefore, it is possible to effectively use pulsed solenoids when performing this operation (see / 14 /).

обеспечивающего только перемешивание горных пород, при этом

После очистки-перемешивания можно осуществлять сепарацию горных пород путем приложения объемных магнитных сил с помощью соленоида 10 в соответствии с выражениями (8), (11). Однако в случае наличия липких осадочных пород (даже разрушенных до состояния слаболипких) при их подъеме в ФМЖОМВ за один цикл приложения

происходит частичное увлечение мелкодисперсной фазы полезного ископаемого (ЖМК размерами от 8 мм и меньше) осадочными породами. Поскольку в дальнейшем производится выброс осадочных пород, то вместе с ними теряется некоторая часть полезных ископаемых.It is obvious that, together with the cleaning, mixing of rocks and PMFWM occurs; therefore, for non-sticky sedimentary rocks, the Ho value is chosen taking into account

providing only mixing of rocks, while

After cleaning-mixing, it is possible to separate rocks by applying bulk magnetic forces using a solenoid 10 in accordance with expressions (8), (11). However, in the case of the presence of sticky sedimentary rocks (even destroyed to the state of weakly sticky) when they are lifted into the FMHOMW in one application cycle

there is a partial entrainment of the finely dispersed phase of the mineral (LMC sizes of 8 mm or less) by sedimentary rocks. Since sedimentary rocks are subsequently released, some of the minerals are lost along with them.

не сразу, а последовательно в i-х циклах, где i 0, 1, 2, величина силы в которых определяется по выражению:

где Δρ приращение плотности в i-м цикле, в кг/м³, определяется эмпирически, исходя из плотности и липкости осадочных пород, а также плотности полезного ископаемого. Чем меньше тем более тщательно с точки зрения отделения породы производится сепарация. Однако увеличение числа i-х циклов приводит к повышенному расходу электроэнергии.To eliminate these losses, it is proposed in such cases to apply volumetric magnetic force

not immediately, but sequentially in the i-th cycles, where i 0, 1, 2, the magnitude of the force in which is determined by the expression:

where Δρ is the density increment in the ith cycle, in kg / m ³ , determined empirically, based on the density and stickiness of sedimentary rocks, as well as the density of the mineral. The smaller the more carefully from the point of view of separation of the rock separation is performed. However, an increase in the number of i-cycles leads to increased energy consumption.

In addition, there is also an upper limit to the number of cycles, which is determined either by the density of the mixture r _ci reaching ρ _pi -Δρ (a subsequent cycle leads to levitation of minerals) or the inexpediency of further cycling at the end of separation of sedimentary rocks. If in the first case the number of cycles can be obtained by calculation (according to the known ρ _op , ρ _pi , Δρ, ρ _g ), then in the second case, it is necessary to measure the mass density of the substance during cycling. The indicated measurements record the emergence of light fractions of sedimentary rocks and a simultaneous increase in the density of the mixture of the remaining rocks in the FMJOMV.

будет наблюдаться по мере вытеснения породы ярко выраженные стробирующие уменьшения плотности вещества эмульсии ρ_в, характер которых показан на фиг. 4, где t₁, t₂, t_i моменты времени приложения

Как видно из фиг.4, наблюдается и общий рост плотности вещества, а к концу сепарирования уменьшение величины строба, который в конце концов становится исчезающе мал (сепарирование закончено). При этом подразумевается, что разброс в значениях плотности осадочных пород носит непрерывный, а не дискретный характер, что и соответствует разрушенным липким осадочным породам плотностью меньшим, чем ρ_пи В общем случае строб изменения плотности вещества может присутствовать вплоть до достижения в постоянного значения ρ_пи-Δρ
Если установить плотномер в местах загрузки породы, то будет наблюдаться рост плотности смеси ρ_ci сравнению с ρ_c (i-1). Значение плотности непосредственно для намагниченной до насыщения ФМЖОМВ можно принять примерно постоянным ( ρ_ж ≈const) или же учитывать поправками увеличения этой плотности за счет незначительного увеличения концентрации феррофазы в заданном объеме по мере роста

Тогда основное увеличение плотности в объеме будет происходить за счет замещения легких фракций осадочных пород стабилизированной феррофазой ФМЖОМВ. Если изменений по увеличению плотности смеси на уровне загрузки породы не наблюдается, то процесс необходимого сепарирования закончен.To conclude that there is separation, one of these measurements must be carried out. If you install, for example, an ultrasonic densitometer directly above the separation boundary of sedimentary rocks, i.e. features above which surfaced light sedimentary rocks, then at the time of each application

as the rock is displaced, pronounced gating decreases in the density of the emulsion substance ρ _в , whose character is shown in FIG. 4, where t ₁ , t ₂ , t _i times of application

As can be seen from figure 4, there is a general increase in the density of the substance, and by the end of the separation, a decrease in the gate value, which in the end becomes vanishingly small (separation is completed). It is assumed that the spread in the density values of sedimentary rocks is continuous, not discrete, which corresponds to destroyed sticky sedimentary rocks with a density lower than ρ _pi In general, a strobe of a change in the density of a substance can be present until a constant value of ρ _pi - Δρ
If you install a density meter in the places of loading of the rock, then there will be an increase in the density of the mixture ρ _ci compared with ρ _c (i-1). The density value directly for magnetized to saturation PMFWMW can be taken approximately constant (ρ _W ≈const) or taken into account as corrections for an increase in this density due to a slight increase in the concentration of ferrophase in a given volume as it grows

Then the main increase in density in the volume will occur due to the replacement of light fractions of sedimentary rocks with a stabilized ferrophase FMJOMV. If changes to increase the density of the mixture at the level of rock loading are not observed, then the process of necessary separation is completed.

Since the spread in the densities ρ _op and ρ _{pi is} significant even in one production area, in the general case, setting densitometers to control separation becomes necessary. At the same time, densitometers for monitoring can be turned on periodically. For example, apply them at the initial moment in determining the required number of i-development cycles of a particular site, and then turn them off.

 The rock unloading scheme is presented in Fig. 5, where, in addition to the previously introduced ones, the following symbols are additionally presented: 29 rotary damper; 30 hole discharge sedimentary rocks; 31 hole mineral unloading; 32 box cover.

изолируем образовавшуюся эмульсию указанных пород в ФМЖОМВ от нижней части объема путем протягивания полотна 13 до четвертого направляющего ролика 25. При этом поворотная заслонка 29 скрывает отверстие 31, а соленоид 28 расположен таким образом, что плоскость, образованная полотном 13, расположенным между третьим направлявшим роликом 24 и четвертым направляющим роликом 25, перпендикулярна вектору

и делит обмотку соленоида 28 пополам. Верхняя же граница магнитного поля соленоида 28 полностью перекрывает отверстие 30.After separation of sedimentary rocks of density ρ _op with simultaneous transportation of them to a certain part of the enclosed volume using volumetric magnetic force

we isolate the resulting emulsion of the indicated rocks in the medium from the lower part of the volume by pulling the web 13 to the fourth guide roller 25. In this case, the rotary shutter 29 hides the hole 31, and the solenoid 28 is located so that the plane formed by the web 13 located between the third guide roller 24 and the fourth guide roller 25, perpendicular to the vector

and divides the coil of the solenoid 28 in half. The upper boundary of the magnetic field of the solenoid 28 completely blocks the hole 30.

Указанное поле создает соленоид 28. А уклон, создаваемый заслонкой 29 и частью крышки короба 32, позволяет направлять движение осадочных пород в сторону отверстия 30, так как именно в этом направлении магнитное поле будет уменьшаться. Согласно же принципу феррогидростатической сепарации на осадочные породы, погруженные в ФМЖОМВ, будет действовать сила, выталкивающая их в область слабого поля. Взяв за основу форму магнитного поля соленоида 28, подбираются заслонки и крышки с конечной целью достижения указанного принципа.Then, for unloading sedimentary rocks from the emulsion through the hole 30 under a given working pressure P _p , in Pa, it is necessary to create a magnetic field according to expression (3.4) on page 105/7 /, the magnitude of which is determined by the expression:

The specified field creates a solenoid 28. And the slope created by the shutter 29 and part of the lid of the duct 32, allows you to direct the movement of sedimentary rocks in the direction of the hole 30, since it is in this direction that the magnetic field will decrease. According to the principle of ferrohydrostatic separation into sedimentary rocks immersed in the FMHOMW, a force will act that pushes them into the area of a weak field. Based on the shape of the magnetic field of the solenoid 28, dampers and covers are selected with the ultimate goal of achieving this principle.

Затем аналогично предыдущему изолируем образовавшуюся смесь полезных ископаемых в ФМЖОМВ от остальной части замкнутого объема и выгрузку полезных ископаемых из смеси осуществляем путем приложения к ней с помощью соленоида 28 внешнего магнитного поля напряженностью

где P_с рабочее давление выгрузки полезных ископаемых, в Па.After unloading sedimentary rocks of density ρ _{op, we} combine the total volume of the box by winding the web 13 on the axis 14 until the knife 12 stops at the third guide roller 24 (see figure 5). Next, we transfer the shutter 29 to the position at which the hole Z0 is closed and the hole 31 opens and we separate minerals with sedimentary rocks of density ρ _p > K _p2 , ρ _pi by applying volumetric magnetic force to the mixture using an external magnetic field created by solenoid 10

Then, similarly to the previous one, we isolate the resulting mixture of minerals in the FMHOMW from the rest of the enclosed volume and unload the minerals from the mixture by applying an external magnetic field of intensity to it using solenoid 28

where P _{with the} working pressure of the unloading of minerals, in Pa.

 According to the technical requirements of mining, minerals must be cleaned of all kinds of inclusions, including particles of stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMHOMV. It is obvious that part of the particles of the ferrophase due to the porosity of the mineral, its residual small magnetization (if there is iron in the composition of the mineral) will be entrained in the discharge channel. The separation of the ferrophase from the mixture due to its specific magnetic properties and the initial magnetization to saturation is most conveniently carried out by attraction by an external magnetic field. To do this, a mixture of minerals and sea water with the remains of FMZHOMV passed through electromagnetic traps. An example of one of such traps (magnetically trap ferrophase) is shown schematically in FIG. 6, where the designations are introduced: 33 pipeline for unloading minerals; 34 winding of an electromagnetic trap of stabilized ferrophase; 35 hollow core of an electromagnetic trap of stabilized ferrophase; 36 bounding grid.

Using the four indicated identical electromagnetic traps installed along the axes of the pipeline in the plane of its cross section, it is possible to create a magnetic field with a "neutral point" of zero tension in the center of symmetry lying on the axis of the pipeline. For this, each of the two magnets, whose poles of the same name have the same magnetization, should be directed towards each other. Then from the zero point in all directions the magnitude of the field strength will increase. The turbulent movement of the mixture created by pressure P _s will facilitate its mixing and, when passing through the indicated trap, the stabilized ferrophase will be “sucked” into the hollow cores of the electromagnets. In this case, non-magnetic particles, as well as large (with respect to the particles of FMJOMV) partially magnetized pieces of the FMC will not be passed through the grid 36, but will be carried away by the flow of the mixture.

The magnitude of the magnetic fields of electromagnetic traps is selected experimentally. In the experiments, pressure P _c , geometrical dimensions of the trap, and physical properties of minerals appear as variables. The ultimate goal is to achieve the complete separation of the stabilized ferrophase with a minimum number of traps installed and minimum energy costs in the solenoids of electromagnets 34.

After unloading of minerals at the bottom of the enclosed volume, a mixture of solid sedimentary rocks with a density of ρ _p remains in FMZHOMV.

 Before unloading the rock with the help of solenoids 10 and 28, we form a constant external magnetic field, necessary and sufficient to keep the stabilized ferrophase within a closed volume.

 Next, “open the pallet” by winding the canvas to close the box to its original position (until the knife 12 stops at the first guide roller 22). Under the influence of gravity, the rocks are unloaded onto the developed bottom surface.

 By moving the stabilized ferrophase using the magnetic field of the solenoid 28 to the upper part of the enclosed volume, we prepare a scheme for the next development of rocks of the seabed.

 As can be seen from the foregoing, the advantage of this constructive scheme for the development of minerals compared to others (including the scheme shown in Fig. 1) is that after cleaning minerals from sedimentary rocks with the help of PMFMF, the same liquid composition is used for mining, cleaning, separation and transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks. In turn, the specified combination of the number of technological operations leads to the possibility of achieving higher productivity in the development of minerals while simplifying the design of the installation that implements the proposed development method.

The above description shows how the magnetic fields are used to separate stabilized ferrophase from minerals and solid sedimentary rocks. A similar separation must be made from light sedimentary rocks. In addition, it is proposed to cool the emulsion containing them to a temperature below the temperature of the surrounding sea water, but above the temperature of crystallization of ice (to a temperature of -1.-2 ^o C, at the crystallization point of sea water, depending on its degree of salinity and within 2.5.-5 ^o C). Then, with decreasing temperature, the magnetization of the stabilized ferrophase increases, and it becomes more malleable to the action of an external magnetic field, which contributes to its better separation from the emulsion. On the other hand, the density of the remaining emulsion of light sedimentary rocks in seawater increases with respect to the density of the environment. This further contributes to the bottom laying of it on the developed sections of the seabed, when the rock does not float in the laminar flow and thereby does not pollute the surrounding sea water. Thus, the development method becomes environmentally safer from the point of view of possible clouding of the bottom layer of seawater, because the unloading of the remaining rocks does not lead to this clouding, since the purified minerals are loaded into a container for direct rise to the surface, and solid sedimentary rocks the force of their high density immediately settles in the places of their excavation, and the height of their fall is minimal, depends on the design of the installation and can be ≈ 3 m.

 The cooling of the discharged mixture of minerals in sea water is carried out similarly. Then, the efficiency of collecting residues of ferrophase, as in the case of collection from unloaded sedimentary rocks, increases.

 In all cases considered after separation, the separated stabilized ferrophase must be concentrated in order to maintain the properties of the working organ of high magnetization FMZHOMV / 12 /. Indeed, the content of the separated magnetic material in the water is insignificant, since the main part of the ferrophase is kept in a closed volume during the development of rocks. By analogy, the situation can be considered as a washing of FMJOMV with excess water / 10 / followed by its concentration.

 A number of methods are known for concentrating magnetic fluids on a water basis. In this case, the use of these liquids for concentration is most suitable, from the point of view of the authors of the development, methods of ultrafiltration and the use of inorganic acid coagulant / 12 /.

 Concentrated ferrophase must be reused in the production cycle. For this, it is transported to the storage volume FMZHOMV.

 The scheme of magnetic fluid concentration by ultrafiltration using external magnetic fields with its subsequent transportation to the storage volume is shown in figa, b, where additional designations are introduced: 37 sedimentary rock discharge pipeline; 38 bell of the pipeline for unloading sedimentary rocks; 39 pipeline transporting the separated ferrophase; 40 solenoid transport separated ferrophase; 41 - case of a concentrator of ferrophase; 42 solenoid loading ferrophase into the concentrator; 43 solenoid concentration of ferrophase; 44 ferrophase loading cone; 45 solenoid conveying concentrated ferrophase; 46 - pipeline transportation of concentrated ferrophase; 47 refrigerator; 48 ultrafilter drive; 49 ultrafilter; 50 densitometer.

 Arrows indicate the direction of motion of the ferrophase. The bell 38, installed at the end of the pipeline 37, is designed to convert the turbulent flow of the emulsion from sedimentary rocks in sea water into a laminar flow at the outlet. This helps to reduce the degree of clouding of the bottom layer of sea water in the areas of emulsion discharge.

 As can be seen from the diagram, the separation of the magnetic particles of stabilized ferrophase located in the discharged sedimentary rocks is carried out using the electromagnetic trap shown in Fig.6. Then it is transported through pipelines 39 using solenoids 40 (installed inside each pipeline) to the hub housing 41. To do this, the electrical windings are switched on sequentially, starting with electromagnets and ending with the last solenoid installed in front of the housing 41. The number of solenoids depends on the length of the pipelines 39, and the distance between them is selected so that the magnetic fields formed by them intersect. In this case, the pipeline 39 itself must be considered as a hollow rod of an electromagnet made of soft magnetic material. Then the ferrophase will move in the direction of the "sequentially moving" magnetic field towards the hub housing 41.

Mathematically, the condition for pumping the separated stabilized ferrophase can be represented as the intersection ∩ of the plurality of distribution areas of the working values of the magnetic field strengths (see / 13 /) in the pipelines for transporting the separated ferrophase:
H _m ∩H _j ∩ H _j + 1∩ H _{j + 2} ∩ ... ∩ H _{j + n} ∩ H _q1 (17)
where H _m the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic trap of the ferrophase in the pipeline for transportation of the separated ferrophase, in A / m;
H _j , j +, j +, j + n the distribution area of the working values of magnetic field strengths from the j-th solenoids of transportation of the separated ferrophase in the pipeline of transportation of the separated ferrophase, in A. / m, where j 1, 2, 3, n is the number of the indicated transport solenoids ;
H _k1 is the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field of the solenoid loading the ferrophase into the concentrator in the pipelines of transportation of the separated ferrophase, in A / m.

 In this case, the magnetic field vectors lying on the axis of each of these electromagnets and solenoids are directed towards the transportation of the separated ferrophase. It is possible to carry out the pumping of the entire PMFMW using, for example, jet pumps, but it makes no sense to move the entire volume of the indicated liquid, since in the subsequent technological process it is important to have only its stabilized ferrophase. Therefore, this pumping method is preferred.

 The loading of the ferrophase into the concentrator is carried out using the solenoid 42 when it is fed. The maximum value of the magnetic field strength in the center of the solenoid 42, as well as the cone 44 made of non-magnetic material, allow the concentration of the ferrophase at the inlet of the solenoid 43 (see Fig. 7a).

 A higher degree of concentration of the ferrophase is achieved by the solenoid 43 by creating a higher gradient of the magnetic field strength. The specified solenoid simultaneously serves to load the concentrated ferrophase into the transportation pipeline 46.

 Concentrated ferrophase is transported via pipeline 46 to the storage tank using its own group of solenoids 45 installed inside the pipeline.

Mathematically, the condition for pumping concentrated concentrated ferrophase can also be represented as the intersection of the sets of distribution areas of the working values of the magnetic field strengths in the pipeline for the transportation of concentrated ferrophase:
H _k2 ∩ H _q ∩ H _{q + 1} ∩ H _{q + 2} ∩ ... H _{q + m} ∩ H _z (18),
where H _{k2 is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field of the solenoid for concentrating the ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting the concentrated ferrophase, in A / M;
H _q , q + 1, q + 2, q + m the distribution area of the working magnetic field strengths of the q-x solenoids for transporting concentrated ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting concentrated ferrophase, in A / M, where q 1,2,3, m is the number of transportation solenoids;
H _z the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank FMZHOMV in the pipeline transporting concentrated ferrophase, in A / M.

 In this case, the magnetic field vectors lying on the axis of each of these solenoids are directed towards the transportation of concentrated ferrophase.

Refrigerator 47 serves to cool the emulsion being discharged. In the initial state, using the actuator 46, the ultrafilter 49 (for example, of the Toy type) / 12 / closes the entrance to the inside of the solenoid 43. Excessive pressure (up to 5 kg / cm ² ) of the ferrosuspension on the working surface of the ultrafilter is created by the magnetic field of the solenoid 43 (by analogy with the working mixing pressure of the developed rock and FMJOMV, see (12), (13). After reaching the required concentration of the ferrosuspension, fixed with the help of a density meter 50, the drive 48, using, for example, a rack and pinion gear, opens the entrance to the internal cavity of the solenoid 43. Next produced ditsya pumping and transportation ferrophase concentrated under the above scheme. After pumping the flap-ultrafilter again closed and the cycle is repeated ultrafiltration.

 With the specified concentration of FMJOMV, there are certain restrictions on the magnitude of the intensity of the created electromagnetic fields. They are associated with the preservation of the aggregative stability of FMJOMV (see / 7, p. 9,8,27 /).

 The preference for the considered method of concentration of PMFVMF over the use of inorganic coagulants / 12 / is given based on the environmental safety of the process, since its technology does not require the use of acid and alkali.

 On the other hand, the application of methods for the concentration of PMFMW with inorganic coagulants allows one to obtain a higher degree of magnetite concentration (up to 40%).

 Despite the isolation of the technological cycle, part of the stabilized ferrophase will be removed from it by the rocks being developed. Therefore, in order to constantly maintain the continuity of the development process by maintaining the nominal parameters of the FMHOMV, it is necessary to compensate for the loss of stabilized ferrophase due to its additional supply from the storage tank to a closed volume. In turn, it is fed into the storage tank after separation from the developed breed and subsequent concentration.

 As can be seen from the above rocks development scheme, at the time of their loading into a confined space, partial ". Washing of PMFMW with excess water" / 10 /. At the same time, liquids that are resistant to dilution do not lend themselves to irreversible flocculation, but can gradually lose their properties and form a precipitate in the form of a “moistened briquette with a rubber-like structure”. These changes can be established by measuring the density of FMJOMV throughout the closed volume that it fills. The separation of PMWMW into excess water and sediment is fixed on the basis of differences in their density and heterogeneity of the nominal density of the initial liquid.

 In order to continue the development cycle, the restoration of the working body, which is the FMHOMV, is proposed to be carried out not by replacing it, but by "repair" directly at the development site. For this, the resulting "rubber" is redispersed in a closed volume. In the case of a specific composition of FMJOMV previously considered, in the preparation of which dodecanoic (lauric) acid is used, dispersions are carried out by heating the "briquette" with the addition of a small amount of ammonia hydroxide to a small volume of water where it is located. The heating time, its temperature, the amount of ammonia and the entire dispersion process cycle are examined in detail.

 The installation diagram for underwater mining of mineral deposits that implements the proposed method is presented in Fig.8, 9. In addition, in Fig. 10, an example of aggregation of an installation on a self-propelled wheeled chassis is considered.

 Designations 1, 10-13, 19-33, 37-39, 41, 46, 47 correspond to previously entered names in FIG. 1-7. In addition, the following designations are additionally introduced: 51 pipeline for transportation of minerals; 52 sedimentary rock transportation pipeline; 53 valve unloading minerals; 54 sediment discharge valve; 55 - drum laying the canvas closure of the box containing the axis of laying the canvas closure of the box 14, the connecting spring 15 and the casing axis of the laying of the canvas 16 (see figure 2); 56 storage tank FMZHOMV; 57 valve loading FMZHOMV in the storage tank; 58 pressure equalization valve between the storage tank FMZHOMV and the pipeline for transportation of minerals; 59 pressure equalization valve between the FMZhOMV storage tank and the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline; 60 drive lifting the solenoid control actions on FMZHOMV installation casing; 61 cables for lifting the solenoid control actions on FMZHOMV installation casing; 62 blocks for lifting the solenoid of control actions on the device housing; 63 rotary damper actuator; 64 mineral unloading solenoid; 65 sediment discharge solenoid; 66 density meter for rock loading control; 67 shut-off solenoid; 68 density meter for separation control; 69 densitometer for monitoring the discharge of sedimentary rocks; 70 solenoid loading stabilized ferrophase FMZHOMV in the storage tank; 71 valve loading concentrated ferrophase FMZHOMV in the storage tank; 72 density meter for control of unloading of minerals; 73 density meter density control FMZHOMV in the storage tank; 74 dispersant tank; 75 valve-reducer with electric dispersant feed; 76 - balloon balloon displacer displacement; 77 dispersant nozzle; 78 heating circuit FMZHOMV; 79 power frame frame.

 The location of the heating elements of the heating circuit is shown by the dashed line in FIG. 8. In FIG. 10, the dotted line also shows the self-propelled chassis on which the unit is mounted. It also shows an example of unloading minerals using a screw conveyor.

 At the same time, a conduit 51 for transporting minerals and a conduit 52 for transporting light sedimentary rocks are mounted in a conical lid 32 of the box 1 of a rectangular shape, the lower inlet openings of which are connected to the internal volume of the box 1. On the outside of the box 1 of a rectangular shape, there is a solenoid 10 for controlling the box 1, which along the guide grooves located on the box 1, with the help of the drive lift 60, through blocks 62 and cables 61 can move. In this case, the upper boundary of the displacement is determined by the position at which the upper plane of the solenoid is aligned with the plane formed by the upper edge of the duct, and the lower boundary by the position at which the plane perpendicular to the axis of the solenoid 10 and cutting in half is aligned with the plane formed by the lower edge of the duct 1. A flat cutting knife 12 mounted on the edge of the blade 13 for closing the duct 1 is connected to the exhaust ropes of the blade 19, thrown through the second 23, third 24 and fourth 25 guide rollers and fixed on fume shaft. The axes of the first 22 and second 23 guide rollers are stationary inside the box 1 so that the edges of their working surfaces lie on a plane formed by the bottom edge of the box. And the axes of the third 24 and fourth 25 guide rollers are installed so that the rollers, with their upper and lower working edges, respectively lie on a plane cutting in half the solenoid 10 when the latter occupies the highest upper position relative to the box 1.

 The lateral framing sides of the web 13 are located in the guide grooves of the box 1. The rotary damper 29 is installed in such a way that in one of its two extreme positions it closes alternately from the bottom pipelines 51, 52 for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks. Valves 53 and 54 for unloading minerals of planting rocks are installed at the inlets of pipelines 33, 37 for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks, respectively, and are located above the inlets of pipelines 51, 52 for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks. A refrigerator 47, magnetic ferrophase traps 34 and an unloading bell 38 are sequentially installed on the sedimentary rock discharge pipe 37 behind the valve 54. Magnetic ferrophase traps 34 are installed on the mineral discharge pipe 33 behind the valve 53. Refrigerator 47 can also be installed on the same pipeline. In this case, the cooled ferrophase will be more intensively separated from the unloaded minerals. Consequently, its losses in the technological cycle will decrease. Each of the magnetic traps of the ferrophase 34 through the pipelines for transporting the collected ferrophase 39 is connected to the concentrate 41. In turn, each of the concentrates 41 is connected by a conduit 46 for concentrated ferrophase to the storage tank 56 of the FMCOM. Moreover, in the storage tank 56 FMZHOMV at the outlet of each of these pipelines 46, a solenoid 70 for loading the ferrophase into the storage tank 56 is installed.

 Each of the pipelines 51, 52 for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks in its upper part through the corresponding pressure equalizing valves 58.59 are connected to the storage tank 56 FMZHOMV. In turn, the storage tank 56 is equipped with an FMZHOMV loading valve 57, and a shut-off solenoid 67 is installed on the output part of the specified valve.

 Solenoids 64, 65 of unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks are installed on pipelines 51, 52 for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks, respectively, and are located above the corresponding pipelines 33, 37. In addition, the bottom of the storage tank is installed close to solenoids 64, 65 of unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks, and the longitudinal axes of these solenoids coincide with the longitudinal axes of the pressure equalization valves 58, 59 and are perpendicular to the plane formed by the bottom of the storage tank FMZHOMV 56.

 The density meter 66 for monitoring the process of loading the rock is located above the plane formed by the lower edges of the box 1, and the density meter 68 for controlling the separation process over a plane that coincides with the cutting plane of the solenoid 10 at the position of the upper point of its displacement.

 Density meters 69, 72 for monitoring the discharge of light sedimentary rocks and minerals are located in such a way that their sensitivity axes are perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the valves 54, 53 of the discharge of sedimentary rocks and minerals and together form planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipelines 52, 51 for transporting sedimentary rocks and minerals respectively.

 Density meter 73 density control FMZHOMV in the storage tank 56 is located above the bottom of the tank. Examples of the implementation of solenoids 40, 64, 65 with their calculation are considered earlier and are presented in / 14 /. As already noted, these are pulsed solenoids for obtaining strong magnetic fields. In addition to pulsed, they can also operate in a constant magnetic field, while the operating currents supplied to their winding are much lower than pulsed, and, therefore, the magnetic field will be lower.

 As for the other solenoids included in the installation, these are typical elements of various magnetic devices, for example, magnetic actuators of spacecraft orientation systems / 16 /.

 On the example of the dispersion system FMZHOMV, including the dispersant tank 74, the pressure reducing valve for the dispersant 75, the balloon balloon for the dispersant feed 76 and the nozzle for the dispersant 77/17, p. 118 / shows a propellant propellant supply system for spacecraft propulsion engines using single component fuels.

 An electromechanical drive is also well known and described in the art. The peculiarity of the drives used in the installation is that the angle of rotation of the output shaft must be clearly defined, since the accuracy of a particular operation (for example, raising the solenoid 10 to the required height, etc.) depends on this. With this control feature drives cope with stepper motors used, in particular, to control the precession axes of power gyroscopes of spacecraft / 18 /. Examples of the implementation of other components of the installation, as well as their design features were considered earlier, when describing the schemes presented in figures 1-7.

 The installation works as follows.

 In the initial state, a closed volume, consisting of a rectangular box 1, closed by a blade 13, with pipelines for transporting minerals 51 and sedimentary rocks 52 is filled magnetized to saturation FMZHOMV 11. At the same time, the valves for unloading minerals 53 and sedimentary rocks 54 are closed under the action of internal springs unloading holes 31 and 30, respectively. To close the duct 1, the web 13 is unwound from the stacking drum of the duct closure 55 (see figure 2) using the drive shaft 21, winding the exhaust ropes 19 on winding drums 20. Pressure balancing valves 57, 58, 59 between the filled storage tank ФМЖОМВ 56 and the environment, storage tank ФМЖОМВ 56 and the pipeline for transporting minerals 51, the storage tank ФМЖОМВ 56 and the pipeline for transporting sedimentary rocks 52 are closed. The solenoid 10 of the control actions on the housing unit 1 of the duct 1 is moved by means of the actuator 60 with the lift cables 61 thrown through the blocks 62 to the upper stop on the duct 1. The rotary damper 29 with the actuator 63 is set to an intermediate state (along the installation axis). The whole installation by means of lifting the production unit (including self-propelled chassis, see figure 10) is raised above the development site.

 Before the start of development, using the magnetic field of the solenoid, 10 control actions on the FMFHFM of box 1, as well as the magnetic fields of the solenoids for unloading 64, 65 minerals and sedimentary rocks, respectively, the technological retention of the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FFMFW, is carried out in a closed volume. At the same time, the necessary additional loading of the stabilized ferrophase from the FMZhOMV 56 storage tank into the transport pipelines 51, 52 is also carried out. This is due to the ferrophase being drawn in by the solenoids 64 and 65 in the region of their magnetic fields. Next, the drive shaft 21 stops the electrodynamic holding of the blade 13 in the “box closed” position and with the help of a spring 15 the web is wound onto the laying axis 14 to the position of a flat cutting knife 12 under the first guide roller 22.

 The development of minerals begins by immersing the installation in the rock of the bottom. The immersion depth is adjusted using the immersion ridge 26 (by placing the area of contact with the bottom), as well as by means of lifting and lowering the installation located on the production unit (see figure 10). In the case of a hard bottom (presence of a basalt plateau), the submersible ridge absorbs the touch of the unit.

 After immersion using a flat cutting knife 12, the rock is cut with simultaneous closing of the duct with a blade 13. The drive 21 of the exhaust shaft goes into “lock” mode of the blade 13 when the knife 12 reaches the second guide roller 23. The loading process is controlled using a densitometer 66, which records the increase the mass density of the substance compared with the initial density of FMJOMV. Immersion of the installation will naturally cause the displacement of a part of the substance from the closed volume by the rock substance. The displaced substance will be the base of the FMJOMW (seawater of the development site), since the stabilized ferrophase will be held by the magnetic fields of the solenoids 10, 64, 65 mentioned above. The displaced water through the valves 58 and 59 will enter the storage tank 56 of the FMJOMW, from which, in turn, valve 57 into the environment. In order to prevent stabilized ferrophase leakage together with sea water, a shut-off solenoid 67 is installed at the outlet of valve 57, which is also energized at the time of rock loading. Unloading valves 53 and 54 are adjusted to open pressure in excess of the excess pressure that occurs when loading rock into a closed volume. Therefore, at the time of loading of the rock, they will be in the closed position.

 After loading the rock, the rotary damper 29 with the help of the actuator 53 is translated into a position that closes the entrance to the pipeline 51 for transportation of minerals. Then the installation rises above the surface of the development, and the solenoid 10 descends along the guide grooves 27 to the level of separation of the rock (see Fig.2d). In this case, the box 1 is not opened by pressing the solenoid 10 on the web 13, but the web is extended due to its unwinding of the drum 55.

 The mixing of the rocks with FMJOMV is due to the introduction of stabilized ferrophase into the mass of the loaded rock. For this, a magnetic field is created inside the solenoid 10, the intensity of which is determined by the expressions (12, 13) for cases of sticky and non-sticky sedimentary rocks. Stabilized ferrophase rushes to the points determined by the maximum value of the gradient of the intensity of this field, and since the rock is located at these points, it mixes with the PMF.

(см.(8)-(10)). Всплытие легких осадочных пород при указанной плотности контролируется плотномером 68 контроля процесса сепарации по изменившейся плотности вещества над границей сепарации. Причем граница сепарации однозначно определяется значением градиента напряженности магнитного поля, необходимым и достаточным для поднятия породы на требуемую высоту. По указанной границе установлена дальнейшая протяжка полотна от третьего направляющего ролика 24 до четвертого направляющего ролика 25. После всплытия легких осадочных пород указанную протяжку осуществляют с помощью привода 21 до положения ножа 12 под роликом 26.After mixing, light sedimentary rocks are separated from the mixture with a density ρ _op. For this, a magnetic field creates a magnetic force solenoid 10

(see (8) - (10)). The emergence of light sedimentary rocks at a specified density is controlled by a density meter 68 to control the separation process according to the changed density of the substance above the separation boundary. Moreover, the separation boundary is uniquely determined by the value of the gradient of the magnetic field strength, necessary and sufficient to raise the rock to the required height. A further stretching of the web from the third guide roller 24 to the fourth guide roller 25 is established along the specified boundary. After surfacing of light sedimentary rocks, this broaching is carried out using the drive 21 to the position of the knife 12 under the roller 26.

Next, carry out the selection of the resulting emulsion and the unloading of light sedimentary rocks outside the confined space. To do this, move the solenoid 10 in relation to the box 1 to the “unloading” position, in which the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the solenoid and cutting it in half is at the level of the web laying plane between the third 24 and fourth 25 guide rollers (see Fig. 8) . Then, using a solenoid 10 and a solenoid 65, the discharge of sedimentary rocks creates a magnetic field, the total intensity of which at the discharge level would be equal to Н _р (see (15)). In this case, the values of the field strength gradients from the indicated level to the midpoints of both solenoids sequentially increase (has the form indicated on the graph of FIG. 1).

The axis of the valve 54 discharge light sedimentary rocks is at the discharge level. Then non-magnetic bodies, which are light sedimentary rocks, will experience the action of forces pushing them into the field of a weak field. Such an area is located behind the sedimentary rock discharge valve 54, which in turn will open under pressure P _p (see (15)). The control of the process of unloading sedimentary rocks is carried out by a densitometer 69. After unloading, the mass of light sedimentary rocks in a closed volume is filled with FMJOM coming from the storage tank 56 through the pressure balancing valve 59. In turn, part of the sea water enters through the valve 59 into the storage tank 56 .

During the unloading of light sedimentary rocks, the main part of the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMHOMW, will be held by the magnetic fields of the working solenoids 10 and 65. However, part of it will also go through valve 54. In order to return the stabilized ferrophase to the rock development cycle, the emulsion of the lungs sedimentary rocks and seawater are cooled in the refrigerator 47 to a temperature of -1 ^o. -3 ^o C (until the crystallization of seawater rocked) and passed through an electromagnetic trap (see Fig. 7). Chilled ferrophase is more susceptible to magnetic fields of the trap. The number of traps can be selected depending on the required degree of collection of the specified substance. Moreover, they are all sequentially installed along the pipeline discharge light sedimentary rocks. Light sedimentary rocks through the bell 38 (see figure 10) are laid on the developed sections of the bottom under the bottom of the self-propelled chassis.

 It should be noted once again that the unloading of denser (with respect to sea water) light chilled sedimentary rocks, having a low difference between their level and laying level (<1 M), does not lead to severe clouding of the bottom layer. The amount of waste seawater is minimal. This is very important, since it allows you to consider the installation environmentally safer compared to the prototype and analogue.

 The separated stabilized ferrophase is transported by solenoids 40 through a pipe 39 to a hub 41. From a hub 41, in turn, it is transported to a storage tank FMZHOMV 56.

 For the direct loading of concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank 56, a loading solenoid 70 and a loading valve 71 are used. The valve 71 is closed in its initial position. And the pressure that creates a ferrophase at its inlet under the influence of the magnetic field of the solenoid 70, it opens.

 After unloading light sedimentary rocks, the actuator 21 removes the "fixation" mode and the web 13 is wound in the drum 55 to the position of the knife 15 under the third guide roller 24.

повторяются циклы по выделению и выгрузке легких осадочных пород. При этом каждый раз с помощью плотномера 58 производится измерение плотности вещества эмульсии и если стробирующих уменьшений плотности не наблюдается, то указанное циклирование прекращают.In case of application of volumetric magnetic forces

cycles of the allocation and unloading of light sedimentary rocks are repeated. Moreover, each time using the density meter 58, the density of the substance of the emulsion is measured and if no gating density decreases are observed, then the indicated cycling is stopped.

По концу приложения очередной силы F_мi будет отмечаться общий рост плотности смеси. Если изменений по увеличению плотности смеси не наблюдается, то вытеснение легких фракций породы завершено.On the other hand, the process of unloading light fractions can be controlled by measuring the density of the substance using a densitometer 66. In each i-th cycle, an increase in density will be noted at the rock loading level, since the mixture of light fractions of the rock is displaced by the stabilized ferro-phase PMFWM at the time of application

At the end of the application of the next force F _{mi, a} general increase in the density of the mixture will be noted. If changes to increase the density of the mixture are not observed, then the displacement of light rock fractions is completed.

After crowding out and unloading sedimentary rocks ρ _op , the minerals are displaced from the remaining mixture of minerals and unloaded. To do this, the solenoid 10 is lowered to the level of separation of the rock, and the rotary valve 29 is translated into a position that closes the pipeline 52 for transporting sedimentary rocks and opening the pipeline for transporting minerals 51.

, создаваемой соленоидом 10, производится выделение из смеси полезных ископаемых. Под всплывшую часть породы подводится с помощью привода 21 полотно 13 с остановкой подрезного ножа 12 под четвертым направляющим роликом 25. Контроль процесса выделения производится по изменению плотности вещества, измеряемой с помощью плотномера 68.Using volumetric magnetic force

created by the solenoid 10, the allocation of a mixture of minerals. Under the floating part of the rock, a blade 13 is brought in using the drive 21 with a stop of the cutting knife 12 under the fourth guide roller 25. The selection process is controlled by changing the density of the substance, measured using a density meter 68.

After the allocation of minerals, the solenoid 10 is transferred to the "unloading of rock" position (see figure 8). Unloading is carried out by creating with the help of solenoids 10 and 64 at the discharge location, located along the axis of valve 53, a magnetic field with intensity Hc (see (16)). Moreover, as in the case of unloading of light sedimentary rocks, the values of the field strength gradients from the place of unloading of minerals to the centers of each of the solenoids are constantly increasing. Thus, from below, the restrictions on the movement of the rock will be mechanical and electromagnetic (in the form of a sheet 13 and a maximum value of H, "pushing" the fossils into the area of the weaker sex), and above only electromagnetic. The weak field region is located behind valve 53, therefore, under pressure P _c , the valve opens and minerals are unloaded.

Unloading control is carried out using a densitometer 72, according to the changed (decreasing) density of the substance before and after the application of a magnetic field with a strength of N _s .

 On the pipeline 33 of the unloading of minerals installed electromagnetic traps (see Fig.7), which separate the stabilized ferrophase from minerals. Then it is transported to the hub 41, and its concentrated part to the storage tank 56 FMZHOMV. The general scheme of separation of concentration and transportation is similar to the scheme installed on the pipeline 37 unloading light sedimentary rocks.

After unloading the minerals from the enclosed space, sedimentary rocks are discharged, the density of which is higher than ρ _pi .

но достаточная для компенсации сил тяжести, действующих на феррофазу в процессе выгрузки породы.To prevent the unloading of stabilized ferrophase together with sedimentary rocks, before opening the box 1, the electromagnet 10 is lowered to the rock development position (see Fig.2d). Then, using the solenoids 10, 64, 65, they form in a closed volume a magnetic field of "retaining the ferrophase", the magnitude of which is less than the value necessary to obtain

but sufficient to compensate for the gravity acting on the ferrophase during rock unloading.

 After the rock is unloaded, the box is closed with a web 13, the action of the magnetic fields of the solenoids is removed, and with the help of densitometers 66, 68, 69, 72 installed in a closed volume, as well as the density meter FMHOMV in the storage tank 56, the presence of a stabilized ferrophase precipitate is checked. In the presence of the specified precipitate spend its dispersion. To do this, in tanks 74 containing liquid dispersant (for the composition considered above, it is ammonia hydroxide, see / 10 /), pressure gas (for example, helium) is supplied from balloons 76 through a pressure reducer valve. Dispersant is fed through pipelines to nozzles 77, each of which is opened by a separate team.

 The scheme of the dispersant supply system is similar to the scheme of the fuel supply system for jet engines for orienting spacecraft using single-component fuels / 17, p. 118 /. The nozzles are arranged so that uniform dispersant filling of a certain part of the volume occurs. Mixing of sediment and dispersant is carried out due to excessive injection pressure. Dispersion is carried out in that part of the volume where sediment is detected. For this, the enclosed volume can be divided into separate parts using the rotary shutter 29, as well as the movement of the web 13. For example, sediment fell near the bottom of the box. Then, by moving the blade 13 to the position of the knife 12 under the fourth guide roller 25, it is possible to isolate the lower part of the volume and to disperse it in this part of it.

 The dispersion process provides for uniform heating of the mixture (see / 10 /), which is in the volume with the precipitate formed. For this, a heating circuit 78 is provided. The heating time and the amount of dispersant (ammonia hydroxide) necessary for dispersing the precipitate FMZHOMV are considered in detail in / 10 /.

 On the pipeline for unloading minerals, devices for further transshipment and transportation can be installed. For example, in the form of a screw conveyor, see figure 10.

 The technological process of the initial loading of FMZHOMV into all installation volumes can be carried out through the storage tank 56 to the inlet part of the valve 57 and then through the valves 58, 59 (see Fig. 8). According to this scheme, the stabilized ferrophase can be recharged for FMGI directly at the place of mining, because it is obvious that 100% collection of ferrophase from paged rocks cannot be ensured. The reloading command can be followed by the results of measurements of the density of the FMJOMV density meter 73.

 In FIG. 10, the installation of the second refrigerator 47 on the pipeline for unloading minerals 33 is not shown. However, for the implementation of one of the subordinate operations of the technological cycle (for cooling the mixture of unloaded minerals with the residues of FMJOMV), the refrigerator can be installed. It is also possible to install several refrigerators and devices for separating ferrophase in both discharge pipelines in series. This leads, on the one hand, to an increase in the structural and operational complexity of the installation, and, on the other hand, to a decrease in the losses of the “working body” of the stabilized ferro-phase FMZHOMV.

 After a detailed description of the entire technological process, we will carry out the structuring of the plant control scheme, see Fig. 11, where, in addition to the previously presented designations, 10, 21, 34, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 60, 63-68, 69 , 70, 72, 73, 75, 78 introduced new: 80 device for the formation of nominal parameters FMZHOMV; 81 device for the formation of control actions on FMZHOMV in a single device for the extraction of rocks, mixing, purification of minerals, separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks; 82 device for the formation of control actions on FMZHOMV pipeline transportation of minerals; 83 device for the formation of control actions on FMZHOMV pipeline transporting sedimentary rocks; 84 a first stabilized ferrophase collecting device from paged rock; 85 a second device for collecting stabilized ferrophase from paged rock.

 The contour boundaries of each of the devices with blocks of their constituent elements are indicated by a dashed line. In addition, the following designations are additionally introduced: 86 installation control panel; 87 control unit drive lifting installation; 88 drive lift installation; 89 - control unit of the drive lifting the solenoid control actions on FMZHOMV installation casing; 90 rotary damper actuator control unit; 91 - control unit drive the exhaust shaft of the canvas closure of the box; 92 control unit for the drive of the ultrafilter concentrator; 93 stabilized ferrophase retention unit in the installation casing; 94 block mixing rocks and FMZHOMV; 95 block cleaning and separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks and transportation of sedimentary rocks to the place of unloading; 96 block separation from the emulsion and discharge of sedimentary rocks from the installation; 97 - block transportation of minerals to the place of unloading; 98 block unloading minerals from the installation; 99 block destruction of sticky sedimentary rocks; 100 switch for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device for the formation of control actions on the device housing; 101 stabilized ferrophase retention unit in the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline; 102 block discharge of sedimentary rocks from the pipeline for their transportation; 103 switchboard for translating control actions for the formation of control magnetic fields in the sediment discharge solenoid; 104 stabilized ferrophase retention unit in a mineral transportation pipeline; 105 block unloading minerals from the pipeline for their transportation; 106 switch broadcast control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of unloading minerals.

 The device for generating control actions on the FMHOMV in a single specified body and the device for forming control actions on the FMJOMV pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks can be functionally combined into a single block for the formation of control actions on the FMJOMV of a closed volume. The indicated union is possible since a single body of devices for extracting rocks, mixing, cleaning minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks, made in the form of a box of a rectangular shape, and these pipelines (see Fig. 8) really represent a single closed volume . The indicated unit also includes the device for forming the nominal parameters of the device, which functionally differs from the above devices (it maintains the executive body in working condition in contrast to the above devices acting on this body). However, the subject on which the impact is made is the same FMJOMV.

 The device for forming nominal parameters FMZHOMV contains a density control system FMZHOMV, a dispersant supply system and a heating circuit FMZHOMV. The specified device is designed to control the nominal parameters of FMZHOMV sedimentation, aggregative stability and resistance to dilution and in case of deviation of these parameters, the restoration of the liquid. The control is carried out by the FMZHOMV density control system, which includes densitometers 66, 68, 69, 72, 73. The absence of sediment in the liquid and the uniformity of its density in the controlled volumes indicates the nominal parameters of the liquid. In the case of sediment, it is dispersed using a dispersant supply system (through the opening of the gearbox valve 75 using an electric drive) and a heating circuit. If dispersion cannot be carried out (the conditions of sedimentation and aggregative stability are violated for some reason), then FMZHOMV is replaced by a new one.

i-х сил в технологическом цикле парное число блоков 95 и 96 должно равняться числу i-х циклов по разделению, транспортировке и выгрузке осадочных пород.The device for forming control actions on the FMJOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks includes a stabilized ferrophase retention unit in unit 93, a rock mixing unit and FMJOMV 94, a block for cleaning and separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and transporting sedimentary rocks to the discharge site 95, a block for separating from emulsion and sludge discharge full-time rocks from the installation casing 96, a unit for transporting minerals to the place of unloading 97, a block for unloading minerals from the installation casing 98, a block for breaking sticky sedimentary rocks 99. Moreover, the last of these blocks is included in the device only if there is sticky sedimentary rocks during development mineral. All of these blocks are connected via a control actions broadcast switch to generate control magnetic fields in the control actions solenoid on the device housing 100, to the winding of the control actions solenoid on the device housing 10. The specified switch 100, in turn, is connected by a control channel to the installation control panel 86 . If necessary, applications

i-forces in the technological cycle, the paired number of blocks 95 and 96 should be equal to the number of i-cycles for the separation, transportation and unloading of sedimentary rocks.

 If it is necessary to keep the stabilized ferrophase in a confined space during unloading of solid sedimentary rocks, it is necessary to additionally introduce the stabilized ferrophase containment unit in the unit’s casing when unloading solid sedimentary rock (see figure 11) conditionally not shown). At the same time, it generates a current value in the solenoid winding of the control actions on the closed volume FMWHMW less than for the operations of mixing, cleaning and transporting the rock, but higher than in the case of simple technological retention of stabilized ferrophase during opening of the closed volume (before loading the rock). The magnitude of the current is determined experimentally, the connection of the considered block to the coil of the solenoid is similar to the rest of the blocks of the same device.

 Blocks 93-99 are made in the form of energy coils and current transformers / 14, p. 219-254 /. In this case, the magnitude of the current at the output of the block is determined based on the required values of volumetric magnetic forces and the intensity of the control magnetic fields.

 An example of the implementation of the control panel of the installation 86, the switch 100 and their interactions can serve as a control system for the onboard systems of the spacecraft / 19, pp. 204-222 /.

 The device for generating control actions on the FMHOMV of the mineral transportation pipeline 82 includes a stabilized ferrophase retention unit in the mineral transportation pipeline 104, a mineral unloading unit from their transportation pipeline 105, and a control translation relay for generating magnetic fields in the mineral unloading solenoid. Both blocks 104, 105 are connected through a switch 106 to the coil of the mineral unloading solenoid. Examples of the implementation of blocks 104, 105, switch 106 and the relationship of the switch 106 with the control panel of the installation 85 are similar, as for the device for the formation of control actions on the main housing of the installation 81.

 The device for generating control actions on the FMHOMW of the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline 83 includes a stabilized ferrophase retention unit in the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline 101, a sedimentary rock discharge unit from their transportation pipeline 102, and a control translator for controlling magnetic field generation in the sedimentary rock discharge solenoid 103. Both blocks 101, 102 are connected through a switch 103 to the coil of the sediment discharge solenoid. Examples of the implementation of blocks 101, 102, switch 103 and the relationship of the switch 103 with the control panel of the installation 86 are similar to the components of the device for generating control actions on the housing of the installation 81.

 Each of the devices for the formation of control actions on the FMHOMV pipelines for the transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks is intended to obtain control magnetic fields by forming working currents in the coils of each of these solenoids 64, 65.

которое требует увеличение рабочих токов в соленоидах, управления и в конечном счете приводит (см. расчетные выражения для Н_р, Н_с, Н_о) к невозможности созданий необходимых рабочих давлений. Кроме того, к каждому устройству сбора стабилизированной феррофазы необходимо отнести и холодильники 47. Как раньше уже отмечалось, наличие холодильника повышает степень сбора феррофазы с выгружаемой породы. Каждое из устройств отделения содержит четыре электромагнитных уловителя стабилизированной феррофазы 34, установленных на трубопроводах выгрузки.Both the first 84 and the second 85 device for collecting stabilized ferrophase from paged rock can be divided into a device for separating ferrophase from paged rock, a device for transporting a ferrophase, a concentrator of ferrophase, a device for transporting concentrated ferrophase, and a device for loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank. In this case, the listed devices that are part of the base can work without a ferrophase concentrator. However, at the same time, the effective operation of the installation is gradually lost, since as the ferrophase is diluted with sea water, the value of the average equilibrium magnetization

which requires an increase in operating currents in the solenoids, control, and ultimately leads (see calculated expressions for Н _р , Н _с , Н _о ) to the impossibility of creating the necessary working pressures. In addition, refrigerators 47 must be assigned to each stabilized ferrophase collection device. As previously noted, the presence of a refrigerator increases the degree of collection of ferrophase from the paged rock. Each of the separation devices contains four electromagnetic traps of stabilized ferrophase 34 mounted on discharge pipelines.

 Ferrophase transport devices consist of FMZHOMV transport solenoids installed in transport pipelines. Moreover, in the case of installing a ferrophase concentrator in the transportation pipelines, they are divided into transport solenoids of the ferrophase 40 and concentrated ferrophase 45. In this case, they are divided by the functional purpose and the magnitude of the working currents in their windings, but not by their structural essence.

 The device for loading the ferrophase into the storage tank contains a loading solenoid 70 and a loading valve 71 installed at the end of the transportation pipeline. The composition of all elements of the devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from paged rock was considered earlier, where examples of the implementation of these elements are presented. The drive control units 87, 89-92 supplement the direct control drive with a logic-converting part. So, for example, for the previously considered typical drives with stepper motors / 18 /, they are blocks for generating a control signal for a stepper motor, which consist of a series-connected converter, a reversible counter, a decoder and an amplifier that is connected to the phases of the stepper motor. The unitary code queue of rectangular pulses is fed to the input of the converter, while the frequency of the pulse signals and their number in the code queue respectively determine the angular velocity and the angle of rotation of the output shaft of the electric motor. The block diagram of FIG. 11 also shows two refrigerators 47 installed on the pipelines for unloading sedimentary rocks and minerals. In addition, a shut-off solenoid 67 is shown, which is part of the device loading FMZHOMV in a closed volume. The composition of the specified device included a storage tank with a loading valve FMZHOMV installed in its cover. And the loading valve FMZHOMV, which is also a pressure equalization valve between the storage tank and the external environment, contains the specified shut-off solenoid 67.

 It is also necessary to return to the control panel of the installation 86, which is itself a complex technical system. From the above description it is obvious that the management of the installation for the development of mineral resources involves the issuance of hundreds of functional commands, the passage and execution of which must be controlled. Therefore, an analogue of the control panel for such a complex installation can serve as a control panel for a Soyuz-TM spacecraft / 20 /. The remote control includes a discrete control circuit built on the basis of the on-board computer and an analog circuit constructed according to the type of control system for the on-board systems presented earlier / 19 /. Both circuits are equipped with interface systems that allow mutual information exchange and are supplemented by a telemetric measurement system / 19, p. 229-235 /.

Since the control panel 86 is not the subject of protection of the invention, only a functional control block diagram is presented from the remote control 85 of an installation for underwater mining. At the same time, from the description of the console analogs it is understood that with its help a list of the commands indicated above and their sequence in time is implemented. Also not shown is the placement of the remote control 86 and the elements of the devices 87, 89-106 on the power frame 79 of the installation, since they can be remotely spaced, and the control in this case
lead through a control cable or command radio link.

To calculate the productivity of the installation, we will evaluate the duration of successive operations of the technological cycle, based on the approximate time sequence diagram of its work, implemented using the remote 86:
the operation of the drive 88 to lower the installation to the development site for 5.10 s;
the operation of the drive 21 to load the rock into the installation box (moving the cutting knife 12 to the guide roller 23) 10.15 s;
the operation of the drive 88 to lift the installation above the development site while lowering the solenoid 10 10.15 s;
mixing of the rock and PMFMW with simultaneous purification of minerals from sedimentary rocks (without destroying sticky sedimentary rocks) 2.4 s;
separation of sedimentary rocks from minerals and transportation of sedimentary rocks to the upper part of the box body using a solenoid 10 2.4 s;
the operation of the drive 21 to divide the volume of the box into parts (bringing the cutting knife 12 under the guide roller 25) 5.10 s;
the operation of the actuator 60 to raise the solenoid 10 to the extreme upper position 10. 15 s;
discharge of sedimentary rocks using solenoids 10 and 65 2.4 s;
lowering the solenoid 10 to the extremely low position relative to the box, while simultaneously extending the blade 13 to the position of the cutting knife 12 above the guide roller 24 (combining the volume of the box) 10.15 s;
transportation to the upper part of the body of the mineral box using a solenoid 10 2.4 s;
the operation of the drive 21 to divide the volume of the box into parts (bringing the cutting knife 12 under the guide roller 25) 5.10 s;
unloading of minerals using solenoids 10 and 64 2.4 s;
opening of a confined volume and unloading of solid sedimentary rocks (winding the blade 13 to the position of the cutting knife 12 under the guide roller 22) 5.10 s;
moving the unit using self-propelled chassis to a new development site 20.30 s.

 The remaining operations of the technological cycle can be parallelized with the above.

отсутствии липких осадочных пород, а также сохранении ФМЖОМВ номинальных параметров составляет 90.150 с.Thus, the duration of the technological cycle with a single application of force

the absence of sticky sedimentary rocks, as well as the preservation of PMJOMV nominal parameters is 90.150 s.

 Assessment of the duration of technological operations was carried out on the basis of the following considerations.

The installation is raised to a height of ≈ 5m. Moreover, the lifting height is determined by the size of the solenoid 10, which when lowering to its lowest position should not touch the bottom surface. Thus, the design of the solenoid is not destroyed by shock loads and bottom sediments of the development site are not stirred up. The calculated height of a rectangular rectangular pulsed solenoid, according to the dependences presented in / 14 /, dH / dz≈8 • 10 A / m ² , see (10), in the working plane is 0.8 m. The solenoid is lowered relative to the housing box up to half its height at a speed of ≈ 0.1 m / s.

 The speed of lowering the installation to the developed area depends on the rock characteristics of the "foundation" of the developed area. If mineral deposits are located on a granite site, the lowering speed is limited only for reasons of structural strength under dynamic loads at the moment of touching the bottom. In the case of soft sedimentary rocks, environmental requirements are decisive, the essence of which also boils down to the absence of agitation of bottom sediments when the installation touches the seabed. The lowering speed ≈ 0.08 m / s with immersion in medium-sticky soil according to / 6 / satisfies these requirements.

The operation of the drive 21 to load the rock into the installation is reduced to the search for optimal modes of cutting the rock with a flat knife. Optimization is carried out in terms of selecting drive power, based on the specific resistance to the cut of the rock, which, in turn, depends on the speed of the knife of a certain thickness. At the same time, various forms of cutting edges and their sharpening angles, as well as the degree of stickiness of the cut rocks, are simultaneously considered. For soft sedimentary rocks of medium stickiness (see / 6.21 /), the optimal average speed of a flat cutting knife with a thickness of 10 mm and a grinding angle of 45 ^o is ≈ 0.15 m / s. The estimated dimensions of the box with a square base in determining the time of its closure and other design calculations were 2 • 2 m.

 According to the indicated linear speeds, as well as on the basis of the mass of the installation, its hydrodynamic characteristics, the considered drives are calculated and selected.

 The duration of the work of the working body, which is FMZHOMV, with mixing, cleaning, transportation and unloading includes the time of its movement in the working area. The indicated time when moving over short distances (up to ≈ 2 m) is comparable with the relaxation time of magnetic fluids (see / 7 /) and is 1 s. The duration of the working body in these operations mainly depends on the volume of the processed rock and the physical characteristics of its composition. In most cases, it is determined empirically for a particular design. To evaluate the indicated operational time intervals, we took well-known analogous cases (see / 7,8,10,12 /) of using magnetic fluids to separate crushed stone from clay by the method of hydrohydrostatic separation.

 In addition to the above, the operating time included the approximate duration of telemetric measurements of the parameters characterizing the physical properties of the substance during the development of the rock, its transportation and unloading, as well as delays in the formation and issuance of installation control commands. In this case, work with the sensor equipment of the spacecraft onboard systems control system / 19.20 / was taken as an analogue.

If we take the estimated development area for one full cycle of 4 m ² , the average mineral mass (in particular, LMF) at a development depth of 0.1 m to 15 kg / m ² , then with an average cycle time of 120 s the plant productivity will be 1800 kg / h of pure LMC with a path length of 40 m

 These figures characterizing the performance of the installation are close to ideal.

 In the case of the presence of ith separation cycles, operations to separate soft sedimentary rocks from minerals, transportation of sedimentary rocks and their unloading are cyclized. Naturally, the duration of one full cycle of mining is increasing. In case of precipitation in FMZHOMV, it is necessary to include the interval for its dispersion in the total operational time. In laboratory conditions, according to / 10 /, the time spent on dispersing the precipitate PMFOMW of the previously considered composition was 4 minutes.

 The proposed method and installation, which implements it, can be represented from the point of view of pollution of the water column by sedimentary rocks, as environmentally friendly. Despite the fact that the sedimentary rocks are laid in the bottom layer, turbid flows in the form of "torches" of the suspension / 21 / can be avoided. This is achieved by the technological chain of the development process, in which separation occurs in a single closed volume. In this case, the substances are separated by different densities and concentrated in certain parts of the indicated volume. And at the end of the separation, it is possible to achieve a static state of all separated parts of the starting material. Therefore, at the end of the separation, concentrated soft sedimentary rocks located in a certain part of the volume, before being laid in the bottom layer, can be made environmentally friendly in terms of the absence of the specified suspension during unloading. For example, by cooling to a temperature close to the freezing temperature of sea water, to achieve a higher density of the substance compared to surrounding sea water and to ensure its bottom laying without stirring up the bottom soil. Or "pack" the specified substance in bags that lay on the bottom surface. At the same time, the material of the bags dissolves after a short time under the influence of the existing pH of the surrounding sea water, etc.

 In this way, one of the most important and crucial from the point of view of the possibility of industrial mining of ZhMK / 21 / environmental problems of disposing of pulps with laying the slurry in the bottom layer without receiving "torches" of the suspension is solved.

Sources:
1. Application 3221014 Germany, MKI E 21 C 45/00, 1986.

 2. Methods and devices for the extraction of solid minerals in the development of deep-sea deposits of the bottom of the seas and oceans. Annotated review-index of patent documents of leading developed countries. TSNIGRI, M. 1989.

 3. Application 3224542 Germany, MKI E 21 C 45/00, 1984.

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 5. Development tools for underwater mining. Overview information. Series: mining, transport. Ed. S.N. Koshkoldy. VNIIIPI, M. 1989.

 6. Production of the LMC. NTO book. 1.2, P29615-118, NPO Energia, Kaliningrad, M.O. 1990.

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 9. N.P. Matusevich. Getting ferromagnetic fluids in water. On Sat "Problems of the mechanics of magnetic fluids." AN BSSR. Institute of heat and mass transfer. A.V. Lykova. Minsk. 1981, pp. 3-10.

 10. S. Halafall, J. Rymers. Preparation of dilution resistant aqueous magnetic fluids. Translation of GPNTB 76-1984. Date of transfer: 10.08.85.

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 12. Toyohisa Fujita, Junzo Shimozaka. Concentration of water-based magnetic fluids. Article from the journal "Nihon Kogaku Kaisi", 1984, pp. 879-884, VTsP L-44257, GPNTB 86/161.

 13. B.Ya. Matygulin. Calculation of a solenoid with a given gradient of magnetic field strength. On Sat "Physical properties and hydrodynamics of dispersed ferromagnets." USSR Academy of Sciences UC, 1977.

 14. D. B. Montgomery. Getting strong magnetic fields using solenoids. M. World, 1971.

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Claims (23)

1. A method of underwater development of deposits, including loading rocks together with sea water into a closed volume, mixing rocks and sea water, separating minerals and sedimentary rocks, unloading sedimentary rocks from the specified volume, unloading minerals into vehicles for subsequent lifting onto surface, characterized in that the rocks together with sea water are loaded into a closed volume filled with a dilution resistant and sedimentation stable ferromagnetic fluid On the basis of sea water (FMJOMW), magnetized to saturation while maintaining aggregate stability, the rocks are mixed with magnetized FMJOMW, the separation of minerals and sediment is carried out by applying volumetric magnetic force to the indicated mixture using an external magnetic field

n / m ³ , the value of which is determined by the expression

where g is the acceleration of gravity at the Earth's surface, m / s ² ;
K _p1 coefficient of positive buoyancy of sedimentary rocks in FMZHOMV;
ρ _op is the density of sedimentary rocks for which the condition K _p1 ρ _op <ρ _pi , kg / m ³ is fulfilled, where ρ _pi is the density of the mineral substance, kg / m ³ ;
ρ _W - density FMZHOMV, kg / m ³ ,
and the direction coincides with the direction to the place of discharge of sedimentary rocks, the allocation of the emulsion formed during the application of force

sedimentary rocks of density ρ _op and their unloading is carried out by applying an external magnetic field to it, the magnitude of which is determined by the expression

where P _{p the} working pressure of the discharge of sedimentary rocks, Pa;
μ _about = 4π • 10 ^-7 is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum, GN / m;

average equilibrium magnetization FMZHOMV, A / m,
moreover, in the process of unloading, the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMJWM, is separated from the sedimentary rocks, then the minerals and sedimentary rocks are separated by a density ρ _p > K _p2 ρ _pi , where K _{p2 is the} coefficient of positive buoyancy of minerals in the FMJWM by application to rocks using an external magnetic field of volumetric magnetic force

n / m ³ , the value of which is determined by the expression

and the direction coincides with the direction to the place of unloading of minerals, the selection of minerals from their mixture with FMZHOMV, as well as their unloading is carried out by applying an external magnetic field to the mixture, the magnitude of which is determined by the expression

where P _{with the} working pressure of the unloading of minerals, Pa,
moreover, in the process of unloading, the stabilized ferrophase, which is part of the FMHWM, is separated from minerals, and at the end of the unloading of minerals, the remaining solid sedimentary rocks are discharged using gravity, and then the rock development cycle is repeated in the above manner. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the presence of sticky sedimentary rocks, mixing in a closed volume is carried out by directional movement of the FMWHM using an external magnetic field, the intensity of which is determined by the expression

where P _{0 is the} pressure required to convert sticky sedimentary rocks into weakly sticky, Pa,
into the specified enclosed volume occupied by rocks, while the application of an external magnetic field is equal to the time of transformation of sticky sedimentary rocks into weakly sticky. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the separation of sedimentary rocks and minerals is carried out by sequential application of the volume magnetic forces to the resulting mixture using an external magnetic field

where i 0, 1, 2, the value of which is determined by the expression

where Δρ is the density increment in the i-th cycle, kg / m ³ ,
and the direction with the direction to the place of discharge of sedimentary rocks, while making measurements in a closed volume of i-gating decreases in the density of the emulsion substance directly above the separation boundary of sedimentary rocks at the moment of application of forces

or increases in the density of the mixture substance ρ _сi > ρ _{с (i-1)} in a closed volume after application of forces

the application of forces F _{m1i is} stopped if the indicated changes in the density of substances are not observed, or if the value ρ _pi - Δρ is reached.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of unloading the solid sedimentary rocks by means of gravity, a stabilized ferrophase is separated from them by applying a magnetic field to the mixture of solid sedimentary rocks in a closed-volume solid-fossil fuels formation.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before separating the stabilized ferrophase from sedimentary rocks and minerals, they cool the emulsion and mixture to a temperature below the temperature of ambient sea water but above the crystallization temperature of ice, and separation is carried out by exposure to magnetic by the field.  6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each development cycle, the nominal density of the FMCOM is supported by the additional supply of stabilized ferrophase to the closed volume from the storage volume.  7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilized ferrophase located in seawater, separated from minerals and sedimentary rocks, is concentrated and transported to the storage volume of FMJOMV.  8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of the presence of a precipitate in the stabilized ferrophase FMJOMV it is dispersed directly at the field development site.  9. Installation for underwater mining of mineral deposits that implements the method according to claim 1, comprising a device for extracting rocks with a closed volume mounted on a power frame, a mixing device, a device for cleaning minerals, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks, containing transport movers with pipelines transportation, a device for separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks with unloading movers, while the pipe wires for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks are connected to a closed volume, which is connected through discharge valves to pipelines for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks, characterized in that the closed volume is formed by a single body of devices for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation of minerals, transportation of sedimentary rocks and pipelines of devices for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks, while the enclosed volume is filled magnetized to saturation of FMJOMW while maintaining its aggregate stability, and also a block for generating control actions on FMJOMV of closed volume is introduced, including a device for forming control actions on FMJOMV in a single casing of the above devices, a device for forming control actions on FMJOMV of the pipeline transportation of minerals, a device for the formation of control actions on the FMZHOMV wasp transportation pipeline of drought rocks, in addition, it introduced devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from paged rock and a device for loading FMJOMV into a closed volume, while devices for generating control actions on FMJOMV of pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks are installed on their pipelines, and devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase with paged rocks are installed on pipelines for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks behind their respective discharge valves.  10. The installation according to claim 9, which implements the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formed closed volume is made in the form of a rectangular box, along the perimeter of the lower edge of which an immersion ridge is installed, lateral framing rails located in the guides are made on the closure web of the box grooves of the box, while the device for extracting rocks is made on the basis of a flat cutting knife attached to the end of the blade closure and is equipped with a drive shaft, and the closure blade is wound on the axis of the stack ki of the web and is attached to it through springs, the axis with the web being placed in a casing mounted on the power frame, the upper part of the box is closed with a lid in the form of a cut cone, while pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks are mounted in the conical part of the box.  11. Installation according to paragraphs. 9 and 10, characterized in that the propulsor in the devices for mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks, transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks is made in the form of a solenoid, which is located on the outer side of the box, installed in guide grooves and equipped with a drive its movement, placed on the power frame, with movement limiters from one side to the first edge of the box, and from the other to a plane coinciding with the position in which the plane perpendicular to the axis the specified solenoid and cutting it in half, combined with a plane formed by the other edge of the box.  12. Installation according to PP.9 to 11, characterized in that the drive of the exhaust shaft is mounted on the power frame and is equipped with four guide rollers, while a flat cutting knife is connected to the exhaust ropes of the blade, thrown through the guide rollers and mounted on the exhaust shaft, and the axis of the first and the second guide rollers are stationary inside the box, and the edges of the working surfaces of the first and second rollers lie on a plane formed by the edge of the box, and the axes of the third and fourth guide rollers are not installed it is movable inside the box so that the rollers with their upper and lower working edges relative to the conical part of the box, respectively, lie on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the box and spaced from its edge from the side of the conical part at a distance of half the height of the solenoid of the device for generating control actions on the device housing and the exhaust rope between the second and third guide rollers is adjacent to the inner wall of the box, in addition to this device for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks is provided situated inside the duct butterfly valve closing inlets pipelines transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks, which drive is mounted on the top cut conical part of the box cover.  13. Installation according to claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the propulsors in the devices for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks are made in the form of solenoids installed on pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks over the corresponding discharge pipelines.  14. Installation according to claims 9 to 12, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the control actions generating unit for closed loop FMJOMV is made in the form of control actions forming block for FMJOMV in a single unit of rock extraction, mixing, cleaning devices minerals, separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks, a device for generating control actions on the FMWHM of the mineral transportation pipeline, devices and the formation of control actions on the PMJOMV of the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline and the device for generating nominal parameters of the FMJOMV, while the device for generating the nominal parameters of FMJOMV is made in the form of a density control system FMZHOMV, a dispersant supply system and heating circuit FMZHOMV, and the density control system FMZHOMV is equipped with a density meter for monitoring the loading process rocks, density meter for controlling the separation process, density meter for controlling the discharge of sedimentary rocks and density meter for controlling the discharge useful minerals, moreover, the density meter for monitoring the process of loading the rock is located inside the box behind the plane formed by the edges of the box, and the density meter for monitoring the separation process for the plane perpendicular to the axis of the box and spaced from the conical part at half the height of the solenoid of the device for generating control actions on installation casing, sensitivity axes of density meters for monitoring the discharge of sedimentary rocks and minerals perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the discharge valves sedimentary rocks and minerals and together form a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the pipelines for transporting sedimentary rocks and minerals, respectively.  15. Installation according to PP.9 to 11, 14, which implements the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for the formation of control actions on FMZHOMV in a single device for the extraction of rocks, mixing, purification of minerals, separation of minerals from sedimentary rocks, transportation Mineral and sedimentary rocks are made in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the installation casing, a rock mixing unit and FMZHOMV, a unit for cleaning and separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and transporting siege rocks to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the unit, a unit for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the unit and the switchboard for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device for generating control actions for the casing of the installation with a control panel, while these units are connected in parallel through the switchboard broadcast control actions th magnetic field in the solenoid control actions FMZHOMV housing unit to the solenoid coil forming apparatus of control actions on FMZHOMV installation housing.  16. The installation according to PP.9 to 12, which implements the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for generating control actions on the FMCOM of the mineral transportation pipeline is made in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the mineral transportation pipeline, a block for unloading minerals from their pipeline transport and switch broadcast control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of unloading minerals with a control panel, while these blocks Connected in parallel through a switch for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the mineral unloading solenoid to the winding of the mineral unloading solenoid, and the control generating mechanism for the PMFLMW in the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline is made in the form of a stabilized ferrophase retention block in the sedimentary rock transportation pipeline, an unloading block sedimentary rocks from their transportation pipeline and broadcast switch Corollary to form magnetic fields in the solenoid discharging sediment from the control unit, said units are connected in parallel through a switch broadcast control action on the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid unload sediment to the coil of the solenoid unload sedimentary rocks.  17. Installation according to claims 9, 11 and 15, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for generating control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, purifying minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks , transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks is made in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the installation case, a rock mixing unit FMZHOMV, a unit for cleaning and separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and transportation of wasps rocks to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the installation casing, a block for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the installation casing and a block for breaking soft sedimentary rocks, each of which is connected through a control translator on the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the device for the formation of control actions on the PMZHOMV installation casing for the winding of the solenoid of the device for the formation of control tvy on FMZHOMV installation housing.  18. Installation according to claims 9, 11 and 15, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the device for generating control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, cleaning minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks , transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks is made in the form of a block holding the stabilized ferrophase in the installation casing, a rock mixing unit FMZHOMV, i-pairs from the blocks for cleaning and separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and transporters Alignment of sedimentary rocks to the place of unloading and blocks of separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the body of the unit, block of transportation of minerals to the place of unloading, block of unloading of minerals from the body of the unit, each of which is connected through a switch for translating control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid devices for forming control actions on the housing unit’s FMHOMV to the coil of the solenoid ki.  19. Installation according to claims 9, 11 and 15, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the device for generating control actions on the FMHOMV in a single device for extracting rocks, mixing, cleaning minerals, separating minerals from sedimentary rocks , transportation of minerals and sedimentary rocks is made in the form of a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the installation case, a rock mixing unit FMZHOMV, a unit for cleaning and separating minerals from sedimentary rocks and transportation of wasps rocks to the place of unloading, a block for separation from the emulsion and unloading of sedimentary rocks from the installation casing, a block for transporting minerals to the place of unloading, a block for unloading minerals from the casing of the unit and a unit for holding stabilized ferrophase in the casing of the unit when unloading solid sedimentary rocks, each of which connected via a control translator of control actions for the formation of magnetic fields in the solenoid of the control actions device on the device housing of the device housing to the solenoid winding ida of the device of control actions on FMZHOMV of the installation case.  20. The installation according to claim 9, implementing the method according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that each of the devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from the paged rock is made in the form of a refrigerator and a device for separating ferrophase from the paged rock, which contains four electromagnetic traps of stabilized ferrophase, installed on the pipeline for unloading minerals and sedimentary rocks along their axes of symmetry, while the hollow cores of the electromagnets of these traps are at the same time FMHOMV pumping pipelines, and Ilnyk mounted on the discharge piping before separating device ferrophase discharged from the rock.  21. Installation according to claims 9, 10 and 13, which implements the method according to claims 1 to 3 and 6, characterized in that the device for loading FMJOMV into a closed volume is made in the form of a storage tank FMJOMV with a loading valve FMJOMV installed in the lid of the storage tank FMZHOMV and containing a locking solenoid, while the storage tank FMZHOMV is connected to each of the pipelines for transporting minerals and sedimentary rocks with pressure equalization valves installed on the bottom of the tank, and the bottom of the tank is installed close to the solenoids of unloading minerals and sedimentary genus, wherein the longitudinal axes of the solenoids and the pressure equalization valves coincide and themselves axis perpendicular to the plane formed by the bottom of storage tank FMZHOMV. 22. Installation according to PP.9 11, 20 and 21, implementing the method according to PP.1 and 7, characterized in that each of the devices for collecting stabilized ferrophase from the paged rock is made in the form of a refrigerator, a device for separating the ferrophase from the paged rock, a separate transportation device ferrophase, ferrophase concentrator, concentrated ferrophase transport device and concentrated ferrophase loading device to the storage tank FMZHOMV, while the separated ferrophase transport device contains pipelines, cat inputs They are connected to the pipelines for pumping the device for separating the ferrophase from the paged rock, and the exits with the entrances to the ferrophase concentrator with the installed ferrophase loading solenoid, and in each pipeline the j-th solenoids of transporting the separated ferrophase are installed, where j 1, 2, 3, n are the number of indicated solenoids for which the condition
H _m ∩ H _j ∩ H _{j + 1} ∩ H _{j + 2} ... ∩ H _{j + n} ∩ H _k1 ,
where N _{m is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic trap of the ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting a separate ferrophase, A / m;
H _{j, j + 1, j + 2, ..., j + n} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength from the j-th solenoids of transportation of the separated ferrophase in the pipeline of transportation of the separated ferrophase, A / m;
N _to the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid loading the ferrophase into the concentrator in the pipelines of transportation of a separate ferrophase, A / m,
in addition, the magnetic field vectors lying on the axis of each of these electromagnets and solenoids are directed towards the transportation of the separated ferrophase, the concentrated ferrophase transport device contains a pipeline, the input of which is connected to the output of the ferrophase concentrator, on which the ferrophase concentration solenoid is installed, and the output is the entrance to the storage tank FMZHOMV, with the installed solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase, while in the specified pipe installed q-th solenoid for transportation of concentrated ferrophase, where q 1, 2, 3, m is the number of the indicated solenoids for which the condition

where H _{K2 is} the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid for concentrating the ferrophase in the pipeline for transporting concentrated ferrophase, A / m;
H _{q, q + 1, q + 2, ..., q + m} the distribution area of the working magnetic field strengths of the q-x solenoids of transportation of concentrated ferrophase in the pipeline of transportation of concentrated ferrophase, A / m;
H _z the distribution area of the working values of the magnetic field strength of the solenoid loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank FMZHOMV in the pipeline transporting concentrated ferrophase, A / m,
in addition, the magnetic field vectors lying on the axis of each of these solenoids are directed towards the transportation of concentrated ferrophase, and the device for loading concentrated ferrophase into the storage tank FMZHOMV, in addition to the specified solenoid for loading concentrated ferrophase, contains a concentrated ferrophase loading valve installed at the outlet a concentrated ferrophase transport pipeline, wherein the axis of said valve and the concentrated ferrophase loading solenoid coincide give up.  23. Installation according to claims 9, 14 and 21, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the FMJOMV density control system is made in the form of a density meter for controlling the rock loading process, a density meter for controlling the separation process, a density meter for controlling the discharge of sedimentary rocks, densitometer control of unloading minerals and density meter density control in the bank storage FMZHOMV, located on the bottom of the tank.  24. Installation according to claims 9 and 14, which implements the method according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the dispersant supply system is made in the form of a fuel displacement device for jet propulsion engines of a spacecraft with single-component fuel.

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