RU2098396C1 - Installation to process droppings and manure by larvae of flies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of droppings and manure by invertebrate, for instance, by larvae of sinanthroupus flies. SUBSTANCE: installation has trays 3 for droppings, transportation gear, gear 26 for metering of load of droppings, gear metering dressing of ova and larvae of flies, gear 23 to unload products of processing and to return trays and system controlling parameters of environment of larvae. Transportation gear is composed of trough-shaped trays 1 placed in tiers filled with water 2 of specified temperature in process of functioning. Trays 3 with droppings float in water. Air conduit 6 where air stream is formed by exhaust ventilation is located in each tier between trays and bottom of trough placed above. Troughs 1 have gear for horizontal movement of trays in the form nozzles 4 and device 20 for their stopping. Each pair of troughs 1 is provided with hydrolift for vertical translation of trays from trough into trough positioned above. System controlling parameters of environment of larvae has temperature transducers of water in troughs 1 and air in conduits 6 between troughs 1. Water 2 is used as transportation system and heat transfer agent at same time. Water and air together create optimal parameters of technological process of processing of droppings or manure. Unloading of products of processing (biohumus and biomass of larvae) is carried out with the aid of gear 23. After this gear returns trays to position of their loading with droppings by metering gear 26. Supply of water is implemented with actuators using controlled valves. EFFECT: increased productivity of installation. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of processing litter and manure invertebrates.

 Known installation for the processing of manure by the larvae of synanthropic flies according to ed. testimonial. USSR N 1428331, class A 01 K 67/00, containing a container with a lid on which an insect inventory for flies is mounted. Flies penetrate from the insectarium into the tank with manure through the slot in the lid, laying eggs in the manure, from which the larvae are fed. During their life, the larvae process manure and bio-manure, then migrating through perforations in the upper part of the side walls of the tank to the sleeves located outside it, intended for their collection. In order to create optimal conditions for the larvae, supply and exhaust ventilation systems are provided, made in the form of perforated pipes connected to the fans.

The disadvantages of this installation are:
the inability to control the quality of eggs laid by flies in manure, which leads to a decrease in plant productivity or incomplete processing of litter and a decrease in larval biomass;
when a new portion of manure is fed to the plant for processing, the liquid phase from it enters the already processed lower products and worsens the process by increasing their moisture, which also reduces productivity;
the presence of an insectarium as part of the installation worsens the sanitary conditions of the staff. In addition, the insectarium requires the creation of special conditions in terms of air exchange, lighting and thermal conditions, as well as providing a time of at least 8 hours for sleeping flies in a darkened insectarium;
the closest to the proposed technical solution is the installation for the processing of manure by invertebrate animals with saprophages (ed. certificate N 1371677, class A 23 K 1/00, 67/00, 1988.), containing tiered manure trays loaded with auger. As the larvae partially process the manure in the upper trays, the manure is subsequently reloaded onto the lower trays. A portion of fresh manure is loaded onto the empty upper trays. After 6 days, the processed manure, together with the larvae of the flies, is unloaded from the lower tray into the receiving hopper and from it goes to the subsequent technological operations.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:
unreliable operation of threaded and smooth cylindrical mechanical joints of the device in conditions of high aggressiveness of the working environment;
low productivity of the installation, due to the complexity of loading and transshipment of raw materials from tray to tray, significant labor costs for staff;
the impossibility of accurately maintaining the parameters of the habitat of the larvae at various stages of the biological process;
the working conditions of the attendants do not meet sanitary requirements due to the possibility of the ingestion of larvae (ammonia, carbon dioxide) from under the film that the unit is covered in, into the surrounding workspace during fresh air operation.

The aim of the invention is;
improving the reliability of the nodes and the installation as a whole in a corrosive environment;
increase plant productivity while reducing maintenance costs;
ensuring accurate maintenance of the given parameters of the habitat of the larvae (temperature, humidity, amount of air);
improving working conditions for staff;
This goal is achieved due to the fact that the installation for processing litter and manure by larvae of flies, including pallets for litter, located in tiers, a transport device, a dosed loading device for a litter, a device for dosing eggs of flies or larvae of 1 or 2 development stages, a device for unloading processed products and the return of empty pallets to the loading position, a system for controlling the parameters of the habitat of the larvae, additionally includes, as a part of the transport device, located one above the other ohm trough trays stacked with an anticorrosive coating, which form channels, filled with water to a predetermined temperature during operation to discharge levels. Trays are used to place and transport pallets with droppings, which, when loaded, have buoyancy in water. Between the pallets of the lower tier and the bottom of the tray located above it there is an air channel.

 The working fluid with which the transport and temperature control of pallets with litter is carried out throughout the entire technological process of biological processing of litter is water. Each tray contains, mounted in it, devices for the horizontal movement of pallets, for example in the form of nozzles, into which, as the pallets move, water is supplied under pressure. Water jets, exerting pressure on the sump, make it float in a given direction. The end walls of the trays have overflow holes that maintain a constant water level in the tray. The excess water supplied through the nozzle creates a directed flow of water towards the overflow holes. At the bottom or walls of the trays are fixed devices for stopping pallets in predetermined places, made in the form of flexible diaphragms, forming each closed cavity connected to a source of water under pressure. They, under the pressure of the water supplied to them, change their shape and brake the pallets by friction on the bottom or walls of the pallet.

 Water is supplied to nozzles and devices for stopping pallets through valves, such as electromagnetic ones, on command from the plant control system or manually.

 An air stream with specified parameters (speed, temperature, humidity) in the channel between pallets floating in the tray and the bottom above the tray, created by the exhaust ventilation system, removes the vital products of larvae (ammonia, carbon dioxide), water vapor from the dried litter and supply of oxygen necessary for the larvae. A small vacuum created in the channels by the exhaust ventilation system prevents the exit of ammonia into the working room.

 Air enters the channels and is removed from them through the windows in the end walls of the trays, in front of which ventilation dampers with an automatic drive are installed.

 In the trays, sensors for monitoring the temperature of water in the trays and air in the channels between the trays are installed, which are connected to the system for regulating the parameters of the habitat of the larvae and provide optimal parameters for the process of biological processing of litter (manure).

 Each pair of trays adjacent in height is equipped with at least one hydraulic lift for vertical movement of pallets with droppings from one tier to another as they move along all tiers of the installation trays.

 The hydraulic lift is part of the installation transport system. The hydraulic lift is made in the form of hard shells located one above the other, the lower of which is hung with a flexible diaphragm to the bottom of the tray located above it. The flexible diaphragm due to deformation allows vertical movement of the shell connected to it. The upper shell is mounted on the device for raising and lowering it. Each shell in the lower position without a gap on the entire end having an elastic seal rests on the bottom of the tray located under it.

 At the bottom of the tray, located between the shells, there is a window whose dimensions are larger than the dimensions of the pallet in plan. The diaphragm of the lower shell is hermetically fixed on the lower side of the window. With the extreme lower position of both shells, a cavity is formed that communicates with the water supply and discharge pipeline.

 Shells using brackets connected to the floats located in the float chambers mounted on the trays. When supplying and discharging water from the float chambers, the shells can make a vertical reciprocating motion when the floats float and lower. To move the shells without distortions, the float chambers are interconnected by a pipeline, like communicating vessels. At the extreme lower positions of both shells, when they touch the bottoms of the trays with their lower ends under their own weight, they form a lock chamber of the hydraulic lift.

 Water is supplied to the float chambers and airlock through pipelines through valves, such as electromagnetic ones. When the water level in the lock chamber rises to the water level in the upstream tray, the litter tray rises to the next tier and then, using jets of water, leaves the nozzles into the upstream tray. In this case, the shell in the upstream tray, when water is supplied to its float chambers, rises earlier and frees up space for the tray to exit. After the pallet exits, the water from the float chambers is drained, the shell descends to the lower position, water is supplied to the float chambers of the lower shell, it rises, and the water from the airlock drains into a lower tray, which maintains a constant water level by overflowing through the hole in the end the wall of the tray. This vertical movement of pallets is carried out between adjacent height trays throughout the installation.

 From the last upper trays, pallets with recycled litter (biofeed and biomass of larvae) are fed through a hydraulic lift to the pallet return tray, get to the unloading position, are braked and lifted vertically under the unloading device, which removes processed products from the pallet.

 After unloading, the empty pan is lowered into the water and, with the help of the water supplied from the nozzles, is sent to the place of descent to the loading position along an inclined stepped slice with spring-loaded guides.

 The whole process of moving pallets in the horizontal and vertical directions, loading processed products, returning pallets, introducing a metered number of fly eggs and loading pallets can be carried out manually during commissioning, and then automatically.

 The control system of the installation and the control system of the parameters of the habitat of the larvae can be performed on the basis of well-known technical means, for example, a technological monoblock controller such as TCM 51 or a personal computer.

 Trays filled with water on which pallets move; together with hydraulic lifts form a transport system without mechanical friction units. Trays, shells, pallets have a simple shape, which allows you to reliably protect them from the effects of an aggressive environment (water with ammonia dissolved in it), to increase the reliability and performance of the installation as a whole.

 The use of valves, for example electromagnetic, for water supply reduces the range of spare parts and the laboriousness of servicing the installation.

 Continuous promotion of pallets in the transport system of the installation, production of processed products with a certain tact in time, automatic execution of operations (dosed loading of pallets with droppings, dosed introduction of eggs of flies into pallets, transportation of pallets, unloading of processed products, return of pallets) reduces unproductive time losses, overlapping individual operations on time and increase the productivity of the installation, carrying out the entire process of biological processing in 3.4 days.

 Water used as a coolant, together with an adjustable air flow in the channels of the trays and sensors for environmental control, can provide optimal conditions for the passage of the technological process of biological processing of litter (manure) in a short time. Necessary modes of maintaining the installation control systems and habitat regulation of larvae.

 In the air channel of the tray between the pallets floating on the water and the bottom above the located tray, there is a slight vacuum created by the exhaust ventilation system, which prevents the release of larvae vital products (ammonia, carbon dioxide) into the surrounding space and allows providing room in the working space near the installation normal sanitary conditions for staff.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the installation, front view; in FIG. 2 general view of the installation, top view; in FIG. 3 general view of the installation, side view; in FIG. 4 longitudinal section of the hydraulic lift; in FIG. 5 is a transverse section of a hydraulic lift.

 The installation of FIG. 1 contains trough-shaped trays 1, located one above the other in several tiers, forming channels filled during operation with water 2 and serving for longline placement and transportation of pallets 3 with them along the litter throughout the entire biological processing process. The working fluid with which the pallets 3 with litter are transported is water 2, supplied as necessary to each tray 1 (independently) through nozzles 4 mounted on the bottom or walls of the trays 1 from the tank of the pressure head receiver of a heater (not shown) with using valves included by the control system in a certain sequence.

 A constant water level in the trays is maintained due to its overflow through the windows 5 (Fig. 5) in the end walls of the trays. At the same time, the water in the trays has a directed flow moving the trays 3 with litter. The cavity between the pallets 3, floating in the tray 1, and the bottom of the upstream tray forms a channel 6, which serves to circulate air with specified parameters for speed, temperature, humidity. The air flow in channel 6, created by the exhaust ventilation system, serves to remove larvae vital products (ammonia, carbon dioxide), moisture from the litter and supply oxygen necessary for the larvae to live. The air passing through the channels 6 is directed through the windows 7 (Fig. 5) in the end walls of the trays through the pipelines 8 to the filter 9 for cleaning and deodorization. Ventilation flaps 10 with automatic drive from the control system, provide the necessary amount of air for the process of processing litter and entrainment of water. Between adjacent trays of height, periodically, if it is necessary to raise the pallet to the upper tier, a sluice chamber 11 (Fig. 4) of the hydraulic lift is formed when lowering the rectangular shell 12 suspended from the bottom of the located tray using a flexible diaphragm 13. The shell 12 along the lower perimeter has an elastic seal for sealing the cut-off volume of water in the tray 1.

 At the bottom of the upstream tray 1 there is a rectangular window 14, around the perimeter of which the diaphragm 13 is hermetically fixed. The lower perimeter of the diaphragm 13 is hermetically connected to the upper end of the shell 12.

 Above the window 14 in the upstream tray 1 there is a rectangular shell 15 having an elastic seal 16 around the perimeter of the lower end to seal the limited volume of water in the tray 1.

 Brackets 17 are attached to the shells 12 and 15 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), which are secured by the second end to the floats 18 located in two float chambers 19 adjacent to the side walls of the lower and upper trays 1.

 The float chambers 19, interconnected as interconnected vessels, have openings for supplying and draining water through valves, which are activated by the control system in accordance with the operation sequence diagram.

 When water is supplied to the float chambers 19 and drained from there, the shells 12 and 16 can vertically reciprocate with the formation of a lock chamber 11. The lock chamber 11 together with the float chambers 19, floats 18 and brackets 17 form a hydraulic lift for the vertical movement of pallets 3 from lower trays 1 upstream.

The movement of the pallets 3 (Fig. 1) in the trays 1 is carried out by jets of water supplied from the nozzles 4 under pressure through valves included by the control system of the installation. Nozzles 14 are located on the body of the tray 1.0
Before each hydraulic lift there is a device 20 for stopping moving pallets, which cuts off from all pallets a pallet that enters the lock chamber 11. The device for stopping 20 is an elastic diaphragm which is hermetically fixed to the bottom or walls of the tray 1. In the deformable state, achieved by supplying water inside them under pressure, the upper end of the device 20 is in friction contact with the bottom of the passing pallet 3, which inhibits it.

 Above the last upper trays is the tray 21 return empty pallets 2 (Fig. 1, 2).

 To remove processed products from pallets 3 (biofore and biomass of larvae), an unloading device 23, for example, a pneumatic action such as a vacuum cleaner, is used.

 The device for reloading pallets 24 is designed to lift empty pallets from the tray return pallets 21 and their inclination when the direction of the slope 25.

 The reloading device has float chambers similar to those used in the hydraulic lift, only one camera has a larger code that allows tilting the empty pallet 22 and its subsequent movement under the action of its own weight along the spring-loaded plane of the slip 25 into the lower tray to the loading point. Above the place of loading pallets is a pipeline of the device for the metered introduction of litter 26 into pallets from the metering pump. When loading, the pallets are in a fixed position using the stop device 20.

 In FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show a device for the metered introduction of eggs or larvae of flies 27, intended for metered capture from the tank and transfer to the pallet with a litter of the required dose, for which there is a gripping device on the movable end of the drive, for example, pneumatic. The device is made in the form of a two-position manipulator.

 The composition of the air channel 6 includes: temperature, flow rate, air humidity, air heating device 28 located at the air inlet to the trays (used if necessary), pipe 29, ventilation dampers 10 with automatic drive and windows 7 in the end walls of the trays. The installation is mounted on the basis of 30.

 Installation works as follows.

 Trays 1 are filled with water 2, heated to a predetermined temperature. Eggs or larvae of flies at the age of 1.1.5 days are introduced into the drive of the device for dosed introduction from insectarium. An empty pallet 22 is installed at the loading point under the litter introduction device 26, into which the litter (manure) is dosed. To equalize the thickness of the layer, if necessary, the loading point is subjected to vibration. During loading, the position of the pan is fixed by stopping devices 20. After loading the pan into the nozzles 4, pressurized water is supplied from the control system, and the pan with droppings moves to the egg-loading position of the flies, where it is also fixed using the stopping device 20. Dosed egg-laying device flies 27 on command from the control system from the drive captures the required dose, moves to a position above the pallet with litter 3, for example from a pneumatic actuator, and unloads a dose of eggs on the surface of the litter located in the pallet. After that, the metering application device 27 returns to its original position.

 Pallet 3 with droppings and eggs or larvae of flies introduced onto its surface is moved by water using nozzle jets 4 through the water, for example, into the lower right tray 1 of the installation. Installed at the loading location, the next pallet after loading it with droppings and introducing eggs of flies similarly moves to the lower left tray 1 of the installation. In the space between the pallets 3 and the bottom of the upstream tray 1 due to exhaust ventilation creates an air flow with specified parameters.

 Water is supplied to the nozzles 4 located in the lower left and right trays, and the pallets in them are moved due to the directed flow of water and the action of water jets from the nozzles 4. This operation is repeated when the operator loads the unit from the control panel (commissioning mode) until until the lower installation trays are filled with pallets. When the pallet 3 in the lower tray 1 approaches the hydraulic lift, it is moved from the lower tray to the one located above it. To do this, the pallet 3 is braked by the stop device 20 in front of the lock chamber 11 and then enters its space. At this time, water is supplied to the float chambers 19 of the shell 12 and the shell is in the upper position, and the upper shell 15 is in the lower position.

 When the pan 3 under the action of the jets from the nozzles 4 enters the lock chamber, the water from the float chamber 19 is discharged, and the shell 12 with the diaphragm 13 is lowered, blocking the pan 3 from the space of the tray 1, water is supplied to the lock chamber 1 and the pallet together with water gets through window 20 to the water level of the upstream tray. After that, water is supplied to the float chamber 19 of the shell 15, it moves to the upper extreme position, and the tray 3 under the action of the jets from the nozzles 4 exits through the water into the space of the tray.

 Water from the float chambers 19 of the shell 15 is drained, the shell 15 is lowered to the lower extreme position, in which there is no transfusion of water 2 from the tray into the lock chamber 11. Water is supplied to the float chambers of the shell 12, and it rises to the upper position. Water from the lock chamber 11 is discharged into the tray 1, poured through the windows 5 in the end walls of the trays to drain. Thus there is a vertical movement of pallets 3 with litter (manure) in all hydraulic lifts.

 From exhaust ventilation in the air channels 6 creates an air stream. If necessary, the air is heated in the device 28 and enters the pipeline 29 and from it into each air channel 6 of the tray 1 through the ventilation flaps 10. The air flow passing through the air channels 6 carries away the vital products of the larvae and water vapor through the windows 7 in the end walls of the trays 1 next through the ventilation flaps 10, the pipe 8 into the filter 9 for cleaning and deodorization.

 Water temperature sensors 8 in trays and temperature, humidity and air velocity sensors 7 in channel 6 generate signals that are fed to the control system of the parameters of the habitat of the larvae. The latter, in turn, generates commands to control the water supply valves and ventilation dampers 10 to obtain the specified optimal environmental conditions of the larvae.

 When the pallet 3 reaches the unloading place in the uppermost tray 21, it brakes and rises until it touches the unloading device 23, from which, for example, air is sucked out by the fan and a vacuum is created in it, which sucks the processed products like a vacuum cleaner (biomass and biomass of larvae) and directs them for further processing in accordance with the general technological process.

 An empty pan 22 is lowered into the water in the return tray and moved to the position where the overload device 24 is located, the platform of which is connected to the floats 18 via brackets 17, similar to a hydraulic lift device, only the floats have different lifting heights, so that the raised pan 22 can under its own to slide towards the stepped slope 25.

 On the spring-loaded inclined planes of the slope 25 due to its own weight, the pallet, turning the inclined planes and moving from left to right and from right to left, gets into the lower tray at the loading position. Further, this process is repeated automatically according to the commands of the control system associated with position sensors and the presence of pallets, temperature, humidity, air velocity in the channels.

 The proposed design of the installation in the form of tiered trays with water, which simultaneously serves as a transport system and thermostatic environment for litter (manure) in pallets throughout the entire technological process, allows not to use traditional mechanisms and mechanical transmissions with friction units that often come out of it building during operation.

 The use of temperature control of the litter in pallets with water in combination with the flow of air controlled by sensors (speed, temperature, humidity) into the air channels of the trays ensures optimal biological process conditions, increases the yield of larvae biomass, improves the quality of processed products, reduces it to a minimum processing time.

 Using the control system, the installation automatically performs all operations of the technological process, while reducing the number of staff, increasing productivity by reducing time losses, the continuous processing process and the organization of work with a certain time cycle.

 The control system of the installation makes it easy to adjust the processing regimes depending on the feedstock (litter, manure), reproduction of larvae, their adaptation to raw materials and other factors.

 The use of exhaust ventilation to create an air flow in the air channels provides some air discharge, eliminating the ingress of waste products of larvae (ammonia, carbon dioxide) into the working space near the installation, which improves the sanitary condition of the staff.

 A plant for processing litter or manure with the help of larvae of synanthropic flies as part of a complex of processing equipment provides high economic efficiency, refuting the established view that environmental technologies are only costly.

Claims (5)

 1. Installation for processing litter and manure by larvae of flies, containing pallets for litter, located in tiers, a transport device, a dosed loading device for litter, a device for introducing eggs of flies and larvae of flies, a device for unloading processed products and returning pallets, a system for regulating the habitat parameters of larvae characterized in that the transport device is made in the form of trough-shaped troughs arranged in tiers for filling with water during operation to the discharge level, in which the pallets are placed, o having buoyancy in a loaded state, while there is an air channel between the lower tier pallet and the bottom of the tray located above it, and each tray is equipped with devices for horizontal movement of pallets and devices for stopping them, while each pair of trays is equipped and connected by at least one hydraulic lift for vertical movement of pallets from one tier to another, and the system for controlling the parameters of the habitat of larvae has water temperature sensors in the trays and air in the channels between the trays.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic lift is made in the form of hard shells located one above the other, the lower of which is suspended from the bottom of the tray located above it and is made with the possibility of vertical movement due to deformation of the diaphragm, while the upper is mounted on the device for raising and lowering, and each shell along its entire end is made with the possibility of support in the lower position without a gap on the bottom of the tray located below it, and in the bottom of the tray located between the shells, a window is made, sized ry is greater in terms of dimensions of the pallet, the cavity formed by the shells lowered, communicates with the supply and drain conduits of water.  3. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that float chambers are mounted on each tray, and each shell is equipped with floats fixed to it, immersed in these chambers and configured to float to raise the shell by filling the chambers with water.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal movement of the pallets is made in the form of nozzles mounted on the bodies of the trays and connected to a source of water under pressure.  5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for stopping pallets is made in the form of flexible diaphragms fixed to the body of the tray, forming each closed cavity connected to a source of water under pressure with the possibility of pressing when filling with water to the body and braking it.

Images