RU2097345C1 - Apparatus for manufacturing fibers of thermoplastic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns fibers predominantly of glass and basalt. Apparatus contains melting chamber of refractory material with orifice plate of platinum alloy and, placed inside the chamber, platinum alloy heater executed in the form of shaped perforated screen separating melting chamber over its cross-section, ratio of distance between lower edge of heater and inner surface of orifice plate to height of melting chamber being 0.25 to 0.75. EFFECT: improved structure. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to equipment for the production of fiber from a thermoplastic material, mainly from glass and basalt.

 A device for producing continuous fiberglass is known, which contains a vessel with a spinneret plate installed in its bottom and a system of curly screens located inside the vessel (US Pat. No. 3,556,753, CL 65-2, 1971). The vessel and figured screens are connected to a power source. Figured screens are used to create cameras with individual power and temperature control.

 The disadvantage of the described device is the design complexity, the relatively large specific consumption of the platinum alloy on the vessel and screens, as well as significant heat loss through the outer surfaces of the vessel parts due to the difference in thermal conductivity of glass and heat-insulating material.

 The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a device for producing fiberglass containing a melting chamber made of refractory material with a platinum alloy die plate and a platinum alloy heater installed inside the chamber (ed. St. USSR N 962226, class C 03 B 37/09, 1982). The die plate is located in a production chamber made of a platinum alloy. The heating element is made in the form of a cylinder with slots coaxial with the chamber, and the distance between the lower edge of the element and the bottom of the chamber is 0.16 0.25 of the height of the melting chamber.

 The disadvantages of the described device are a rather complex design, requiring two melting and development chambers, the need for a platinum alloy to be spent on the development chamber, as well as increased energy consumption, since some melt cooling takes place before entering the production chamber, which then needs to be additionally heated in the working chamber the camera.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the consumption of precious metal, simplifying the design of the device and saving energy.

 The goal is achieved in that in a device for producing fiber from a thermoplastic material containing a melting chamber made of refractory material with a spinneret plate made of platinum alloy, according to the invention, the heater is made in the form of a shaped perforated screen overlapping the melting chamber along its cross section, while the ratio of the distance between the lower edge of the heater and the inner surface of the die plate to the height of the melting chamber is 0.25 0.75.

 Distinctive features of the claimed device is that the heater is made in the form of a shaped perforated screen that overlaps the melting chamber along its section, and also that the ratio of the distance between the lower edge of the heater and the inner surface of the die plate to the height of the melting chamber is 0.25 0.75 .

 The implementation of the heater in the form of a shaped perforated screen that overlaps the melting chamber by its cross section allows to reduce the specific consumption of precious metal by eliminating the need to introduce the design of the production chamber from the precious metal while providing the necessary amount of heat, to reduce the specific energy consumption by eliminating cooling of the melt before it enters to develop, as well as simplify the design of the furnace.

 A new ratio of the distance between the lower edge of the heater and the inner surface of the die plate to the height of the melting chamber, 0.25 0.75, was established experimentally.

 A decrease in this ratio of less than 0.25 leads to overheating of the melt entering the spinneret plate, as well as to the loss of its ability to regulate the temperature of melt production by the spinneret plate.

 An increase in the ratio of more than 0.75 leads to the need to excessively increase the thermal load on the die plate (i.e., to increase the adjustment current), which leads to deformation of the die plate, instability of the melt generation process, and shorten the life of the die plate.

 The drawing shows the proposed device, section.

 The device comprises a melting chamber 1 of refractory material, equipped with a lid 2 of refractory material with openings 3 for loading the feedstock (glass beads or basalt chips), for discharging gases, and also for introducing burners during repair and removal of the heater 4, made in the form of perforated a screen made of a platinum alloy overlapping the melting chamber 1 by its cross section and provided with current leads 5. At the bottom of the melting chamber 1, a die plate 6 is installed, equipped with current leads 7 for controlling the temperature perature of fiber manufacture. Under the spinneret plate 7, a refrigerator 8 is provided.

 The feedstock is poured into the melting chamber 1 through the holes 3 in the cover 2, it is melted under the action of the temperature created by the heater 4 as a result of the current flowing through the current leads 5. Due to the fact that the heater 4 is made in the form of a perforated screen that overlaps the cross section of the melting chamber 1, homogenization of the melt is provided. The homogenized melt enters the spinneret plate 6, which, by supplying current through it with current leads 7, maintains a constant fiber production temperature.

 The melt, flowing through the die of the die plate 6, is cooled using a refrigerator 8, after which the fiber enters the winder.

-образную форму и т.д.Figured perforated screen serving as a heater 4, may be in the form of a trough, trough, tray, Y - or

-shaped, etc.

 The specific choice of the optimal height of the bottom edge of the heater depends on the composition of the feedstock, on the number and density of the location of the dies in the spinneret plate, on the required thickness of the final fiber and other technological factors.

 Using the proposed device can reduce the specific consumption of precious metal and electricity, to simplify the design.

Claims (1)

 A device for producing fiber from a thermoplastic material, mainly glass and basalt, comprising a melting chamber made of refractory material with a platinum alloy die plate and a platinum alloy heater installed inside the chamber, characterized in that the heater is made in the form of a shaped perforated screen covering the melting chamber along its cross section, the ratio of the distance between the lower edge of the heater to the inner surface of the die plate to the height of the melting chamber with stavlyaet 0.25 0.75.