RU2097160C1 - Extrusion tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plastic metal working. SUBSTANCE: tool includes mounted on supporting block of extrusion press with possibility of mutual axial motion: container with metal receiver and accumulator and die holder with die having hole of constant or variable configuration and injection plunger. Tool is provided with support arranged in seat of said supporting block with possibility of engaging with die holder placed in the same seat and spring-loaded in extrusion direction. Limit switches joined with press control system are arranged on surfaces of said supporting block engaging with accumulator and die holder. Said accumulator and die holder as well as supporting block and accumulator are provided with mutually engaging members. EFFECT: improved design. 15 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the processing of materials by pressure, and more specifically to a tool for pressing products with constant and variable in length cross-sectional dimensions, and can find application in the metallurgical and engineering industries.

A known tool with a piggy bank having a channel hole in the shape of an ellipse that allows you to extrude flat panels whose width is 1.3 to 1.4 times the diameter of the container channel. A prefix is attached to the end of the container with an assembly of the tool, including a piggy bank, a matrix and other parts based on the support block [1]
Known tool for pressing, designed to obtain products of variable and constant cross-section [2]
The tool contains a container with a metal detector and a piggy bank having one of the overall dimensions larger than the corresponding overall size of the metal detector channel, a matrix holder installed with the possibility of movement along the pressing axis and fixing relative to the money box, a matrix made of two parts mounted on the matrix holder and two wedge plates fixed in the piggy bank and placed between the indicated parts, as well as the stamp.

 The tool allows for relative movement of the matrix holder or the piggy bank to obtain a change in the forming point in one or simultaneously in two directions, ensuring the formation of a variable section of the product.

Also known is a tool for pressing hollow articles of variable cross section, comprising a metal container, a stamp, a matrix holder, a housing of a combined matrix with a divider and a built-in elongated needle of variable cross section, a matrix sleeve and an additional tubular support interacting with it, mounted with the possibility of axial movement by an amount elongated needle [3]
The tool allows for relative movement of the additional tubular support with the sleeve of the matrix or the housing of the combined matrix with an elongated needle to change the forming point, providing a variable cross-section of the product.

 In technical essence, the housing of the combined matrix performs the function of a piggy bank, i.e., a store of press material, as in the above tools.

 Providing a change in the forming point, the tools, however, require special presses with software moving the matrix holder or additional tubular support for their use, which limits the use of tools and is a drawback.

 It is also known to extrude articles of constant cross section with small hoods, in which due to the reduction of the unevenness of deformations, the permissible flow rate can be increased and energy costs reduced.

 Compression with small hoods compared with pressing with large hoods reduces the pressing stress and the necessary press force to obtain the same profile.

 However, pressing with small hoods is associated with a decrease in the cross section of the workpiece and its mass, as well as with insufficient study of the cast structure of the workpiece, which leads to a decrease in length and a decrease in the mechanical properties of the profile [4] This is not always acceptable and is a drawback.

 A disadvantage of the known tools is their limited use due to the need for special presses.

Closest to the invention in technical essence and, therefore, the prototype is a pressing tool containing a press mounted on the support block with axial movement relative to each other a container with a metal receiver and a piggy bank, as well as a matrix holder with a die, a stamp [5]
The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the noted disadvantages, expanding the technological capabilities of the tool by pressing products of variable and periodic section on universal presses and reducing the pressing force.

 The goal is achieved in that in a pressing tool containing a press mounted on the support block of the press with the possibility of axial movement relative to each other, a container with a metal receiver, a matrix holder with a matrix having a point of variable or unchanged shape, a press die, according to the invention, it is equipped with a support placed in the nest of the support block with the possibility of interaction with the matrix holder, which is located in the same nest and spring-loaded in the direction of axial movement, while interacting with Limit switches connected to the press control system are installed on the surfaces of the support block by the nick and matrix holder, and, in addition, interlocking elements are made on the piggy bank and the matrix holder, as well as the support block and the piggy bank.

 In FIG. 1-10 shows a longitudinal side section of the tool at the stages of operation; in FIG. 11 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 6; in FIG. 12 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 7; in FIG. 13 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 10 (examples of possible products); in FIG. 14 is a side section of a piggy bank 3 in connection with a container; in FIG. 15 section GG in FIG. fourteen.

 The tool contains a container 1, a metal receiver 2, a piggy bank 3, a matrix holder 4, a matrix 5 consisting of 2 parts, mounted against each other in the cavity of the piggy bank (Fig. 15) profiled wedge plates 6 forming a forming channel, a stamp 7, a support 8, a support block 9 with a socket 10, interacting with the matrix holder of the spring 11, limit switches 12 for interacting with the piggy bank and 13 for interacting with the matrix holder, connected by a conductor to the control panel 14, latches 15 mounted on the support block are made e in the form of a rod, the cross section of which is in the form of a double "dovetail" (Fig. 11, view A), fixing socket 16 in the piggy bank, made in the form of a "dovetail" (Fig. 12, view B), interacting fixing mating surfaces - recess 17 on the piggy bank and shoulder 18 on the matrix holder, press washer 19. In addition, the figures indicate the workpiece 20, product 21, press statok 22.

 The internal cavity of the piggy bank is made taking into account the size of the molded section of the product. Parts of the matrix 5 with the plates 6 form a centrally located forming point, the cross section of which changes in width with the relative movement of the piggy bank and the matrix holder.

 In addition to wedge plates, the channel of the piggy bank can have inclined surfaces, which allows you to change the cross section of the molded product also in height thickness.

 The piggy bank channel can be made of circular cross-section under the matrix with a constant-section point for pressing products with a large total exhaust on low power presses, as well as installing combined dies with an elongated needle and a movable sleeve for pressing hollow products of variable cross-section.

 It is also possible to use a piggy bank with an eccentric arrangement of the forming channel formed by the inner wall of the piggy bank and the side surface of the matrix.

 Depending on the size of the molded section of the product, the relative displacement of the piggy bank and the matrix holder is calculated, determining the thickness of the support 8 and the depth of the socket 10. A groove is made in the support to protect the limit switch 13.

 The tool works as follows.

 Set the workpiece 20 in the metal receiver and bring the tool to its original position. At the same time, a piggy bank 3 is installed in the container, fixed by clamps 15 and surfaces 16, 17, 18 and with its supporting end disconnecting the limit switch 12. A matrix holder with a matrix is installed in the socket of the supporting block, pressed by springs into the depth of the piggy bank cavity. The limit switch 13 is open and does not interfere with the inclusion of the press. Give pressure on the stamp (Fig. 1).

 Under the action of pressure, the workpiece is pressed and squeezed out into the cavity of the piggy bank, acting on the matrix, matrix holder and springs that are pulled out of the piggy bank. The springs are compressed, creating a back pressure on the press material coming out into the piggy bank and ensuring a dense filling of the piggy bank cavity. After filling the cavity of the piggy bank with the press material, the support end of the matrix holder will slide onto the limit switch 13, which will send a signal to the system and the control panel to turn off the pressing pressure (the signal is indicated by an arrow) (Fig. 2).

 The latches 15 are removed, freeing the piggy bank, the container with the piggy bank is removed, releasing the limit switch 12. Under the action of the springs, the matrix holder is pushed to the extreme working position. A support 8 is installed in the vacant space of the socket 10. Pressure is applied to the press stamp and the first section of the product is formed by the reverse flow method, extruding the press material from the money-box (Fig. 3).

 At the end of the operation, the piggy bank with its supporting surface slides on the limit switch 12, which will give a signal (arrow) to the control system to turn off the pressing pressure. In this case, a product section of length l is formed, and the matrix holder with the matrix occupy the initial position in the depth of the piggy bank (Fig. 4).

 Set the clamps 15, remove the support 8, opening the limit switch 13, pressurize the press stamp and squeeze the next portion of the press material into the chamber of the money box by moving the matrix holder (Fig. 5).

 When the piggy bank is full, the matrix holder slides on the limit switch 13, which sends a signal to turn off the pressing pressure (Fig. 6).

 The latches 15 are removed, the container is removed, releasing the limit switch 12, the springs push the matrix holder out of the socket. In the open space of the nest, a support 8 is installed, pressure is applied to the press stamp, and the next section of the product is pressed (Fig. 7).

 At the end of the process, parts of the tool take up the position shown in FIG. 8, and the pressing pressure is turned off. Thus formed the next part of the product 21, the same length l as the previous one. The piggy bank is pressed to the support block, latches 15 are installed in its sockets 16, and its recess 17 rests on the shoulder 18 of the matrix holder. Thus the piggy bank is fixed.

 Securing the stamp, the container is removed, releasing the money box and removing the press washer 19 and the press rest 22 from the metal receiver (Fig. 9), remove the support.

 The press residue 22 is separated with the press washer 19 and the product 21 is removed. In this case, under the action of the springs, the matrix holder is squeezed out from the support surface of the socket and its collar 18 completely enters the recess 17 of the piggy bank, and the matrix is pushed out of the piggy bank (Fig. 10). The tool is ready to change the matrix and set the next workpiece.

 In addition to the described example, the tool can be used to obtain products or product sections of constant cross section. To do this, by setting the tool in the positions shown in FIG. 2 and 4, the maximum and minimum cross-sections can be pressed. Using piggy banks with a channel of constant cross-section and a matrix with a point of unchanged shape, we obtain products of constant cross-section with a large total exhaust on small-capacity presses. A combined matrix with an elongated needle and a movable sleeve, which is installed in the canal of the piggy bank of constant cross section, it is possible to obtain hollow articles of variable cross section.

 Compared with the base object, the proposed tool has wider technological capabilities, allows to reduce pressing efforts due to fractional deformation and to press products of constant, variable and periodic section with a large total exhaust and better elaboration of the cast workpiece structure on universal presses of low power, as well as to mechanize and automate the manufacturing process.

Claims (1)

 A pressing tool, comprising a container with a metal detector and a piggy bank mounted axially relative to each other with the possibility of axial movement of the press, as well as a matrix holder with a matrix having a point of variable or unchanged shape and a stamp, characterized in that it is equipped with a support placed in the nest of the support block with the possibility of interaction with the matrix holder, which is located in the same nest and spring-loaded in the direction of pressing, while interacting with the piggy bank and matrices holder surfaces supporting block mounted limit switches associated with the control system of the press and, in addition, the forehearth and the die and the support block and formed forehearth vzaimofiksiruyuschie elements.

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