RU209600U1 - DEVICE FOR GRINDING Lump rock of construction pits - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed utility model relates to the design of artificial soils, in particular, by recycling the rocks of construction pits and dumps in urban and industrial areas, to obtain constructozems suitable for the formation of urban lawns, covering bulk slopes, filling greenhouses. The technical result achieved when using the claimed utility model is to ensure the possibility of uniform grinding of lumpy rock. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the aggregate for grinding lumpy rock, including a loading hopper mounted on a support frame, in the lower part of which a cylindrical roller with grouser is rotatably located, under which a grinding means is movably fixed with a gap, held by a spring, which is a set of independently installed blocks of plates, each of which includes several parallel vertically oriented plates with a gap from each other, connected at one end by a hinge fixed to the axis with the possibility of rotation around it, and at the other end connected by a tip held by a spring, while the axis and the spring attached to the supporting frame. 2 w.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

Technical field

The claimed utility model relates to the design of artificial soils, in particular, by recycling the rocks of construction pits and dumps in urban and industrial areas, to obtain constructozems suitable for the formation of urban lawns, covering bulk slopes, filling greenhouses. The inventive unit can be used, among other things, for the preparation of ornamental clay and clay solutions.

State of the art

When storing clay and loamy rocks extracted from construction pits in heaps and dumps, they often stick together and compact into a monolithic mass. When destroyed, this mass breaks up into lumpy structural aggregates unsuitable for processing. To obtain a useful product-constructozem, obtained as a result of interfering with the rock of organic substances and useful microelements, the lumpy structure must be crushed, crushed into smaller fractions that can accept the fertilizers applied in full. For such attrition of a lumpy structure, as a rule, stationary crushing equipment is used, equipped with means for feeding the feedstock and removing the finished product.

Roll crushers (https://promusor.info/machines/roller-crushers/) are known as a means having a purpose similar to the claimed utility model, which fundamentally differ from each other in the number and arrangement of rolls (for example, two- and four-roll designs are known ). Known crusher contains a hopper, in the lower part of which is horizontally mounted, at least two rolls rotated by one or more electric motors. One of the rolls rotates through bearings that can move along the housing along the guides. The movable bearing is fixed by springs and other structural elements. This allows you to skip large particles at any time and avoid jamming the device.

The disadvantage of this device is the design solution of the roll moving along the body, which moves away when large particles enter, as a result of which a wide gap is formed between the rolls, through which a large amount of raw material passes along with a large non-crushable particle.

Among the single-roll grinding means, a single-roll toothed crusher is known (RF patent No. 2231387), designed for crushing sinter in sinter plants. SUBSTANCE: single-roll toothed crusher contains a housing with a receiving plate placed in it, a roll with teeth that are inclined opposite to the direction of rotation of the roll, and the working surfaces of the teeth are made with a broadening towards the tooth base, and grates made in the form of plates with two working parts, the working surfaces of which are located at an angle of 90-140° to each other. The grate rests on a box-type beam placed in the crusher body parallel to the roll with teeth, and fixed on the beam by means of U-shaped plates and stops. The working surfaces of the grates are made in the form of a wedge, and the width of the working part of the grates in cross section decreases in the direction of falling of the crushed material.

This device provides high-quality crushing of hard rocks, however, if a hard-to-destruct object, for example, a stone particle, gets into it, it is highly likely that the crusher will fail as a result of jamming.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a single-roll crusher (https://vuzlit.ru/726768/odnovalkovaya drobilka), which is used mainly in cement plants for grinding viscous rocks of medium and low hardness (marl). On the hub of the crushing roll, toothed segments (or a bandage with teeth) are fixed with bolts. In the front part of the crusher, a jaw with a crushing plate mounted on it is pivotally suspended on an axle. Two rods with springs hold the cheek in working position. The presence of rods and springs eliminates the possibility of breakage of the crusher when foreign objects get into it.

The spring-loaded jaw of the crusher is a wide curved surface that wraps around the roll from below. When foreign objects hit it, the entire cheek, overcoming the clamping force of the springs, moves away from the roller, forming a wide gap that passes not only foreign objects, but also a large amount of raw material.

In addition, all of the above analogs, in addition to the listed disadvantages, are characterized by rather large dimensions, require significant space for installation, as well as a complex power supply system, which makes it difficult to use them in urban environments with limited free space. The soil extracted from the construction pits must be transported to the installation site of the crushing equipment and, upon completion of its crushing, delivered back. All this creates both technological implementation difficulties, which are a technical problem solved by the claimed utility model, and significantly increases the financial and time burden when using. Brief disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical result achieved when using the claimed utility model is to ensure the possibility of uniform grinding of lumpy rock, including through the formation of a grinding means composed of independent units. The technical advantage of the claimed utility model also lies in simplifying the design of the unit, reducing the risk of jamming of the device, reducing its metal consumption, the availability of the main components for repair, as well as ease of transportation in urban operating conditions. The claimed device also provides an extension of the arsenal of known means of crushing lumpy rocks.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for crushing lumpy rock, including a loading hopper mounted on a support frame, in the lower part of which a cylindrical roller with lugs is rotatably placed, under which a grinding means is movably fixed with a gap, held by a spring, according to the technical solution, the grinding means is a set of independently installed blocks of plates, each of which includes several parallel vertically oriented plates with a gap from each other, connected at one end by a hinge, fixed to the axis with the possibility of rotation around it, and at the other end connected by a tip held by a spring , while the axle and spring are fixed to the support frame. The gap between the plates in each block is 5-10 mm. The plates have a crescent shape and are installed with a varying gap from the side surface of the roller to the edge of the plate.

When using known crushers, in particular those mentioned above, often the ingress of stones into the grinding zone leads to the fact that, until the stone is removed from the grinding zone (automatically or manually), the gap between two grinding elements (for example, a roll and a jaw in the prototype) remains increased, resulting in the pouring of unground rock. As a result, the rock is not evenly crushed, which negatively affects the efficiency of its further enrichment with mineral complexes. In the claimed utility model, due to the implementation of the grinding means as a composite, such a problem can be avoided, since when a stone enters the grinding zone, the gap remains only in the zone where the stone is placed. Thus, the composite implementation of the grinding means contributes to a more thorough and uniform grinding of the rock, preventing the ingress of raw material into a container with a fine rock fraction, and preventing jamming of the device as a whole.

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed utility model is illustrated by the following drawings, where

in fig. 1 schematically shows a side view of the claimed device;

in fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the plate blocks;

in fig. 3 schematically shows a roller equipped with a device for bringing it into rotation;

in fig. 4 schematically shows the plates that make up the block.

Positions in the drawings indicate:

1. Upper part of the unit body.

2. Lower part of the unit body.

3. Bracket for attaching a hinge plate block of vertical plates.

4. Support frame of the unit.

5. Block of vertical plates.

6. Handpiece movement guide.

7. Spring.

8. Skating rink.

9. Tip.

10. Mounting of the block of plates.

11. Hinge axle.

12. Reducer.

13. Drive shaft.

14. Drive shaft sprocket.

15. Drive chain.

16. Roller sprocket.

Implementation of the utility model

The inventive unit (grinding device) has a body consisting of the upper 1 and lower 2 parts. The upper part of the body is a loading hopper with front, rear and two side walls. Its front and rear walls are installed at an angle of 45-60° to the vertical axis. In the lower part of the housing above the discharge window there is a roller 8, under which blocks of vertically oriented plates 5 are located. The components of the housing can be connected by known connecting means, for example, connecting flanges and bolts. The body is mounted on a supporting frame, which simultaneously performs the function of fixing the body and the function of fixing the vertical plates. The frame can be made of metal profiles, rigidly interconnected.

The plates are sickle-shaped (Fig. 4) and have ends (for connection with tips and attachments) and ribs facing the roller. The plates are combined into blocks containing several (for example, 3-7 pieces) plates 3-5 mm thick each, connected on one side (in the front of the unit) by hinges 10, and on the other side (in the rear of the unit) by tips 9 ( see Fig. 2). The number of plates in the block is selected empirically and is optimal. A smaller number of plates (2 pcs.) will significantly increase the total number of parts - springs, hinges and tips, which contributes to an increase in the weight of the unit, and also limits the ability to remove oversized stones. A larger number of plates in a block (more than 7 pieces) leads to significant difficulties in fixing such a number with tips and hinges, the design of which in this case becomes less rigid due to the need to increase the dimensions of their constituent shelves and racks. The number of plate blocks is determined by the selected width of the working part of the unit, namely, the length of the rink (1-2 m). The hinges and tips of the plate block have a T-shaped profile, consisting of two horizontal shelves, between which there is a vertical post. The plates of one block are fixed on horizontal shelves at a distance of 5-10 mm from each other. The distance between the plates is chosen based on the predetermined size of the resulting fraction. Holes are made in the hinge racks to accommodate the axles 11. The axles are installed in the corresponding brackets fixed to the support frame and are oriented parallel to the roller axis. By means of axes, a hinged connection of the block of vertical plates with the frame is provided. Racks of tips of blocks of vertical plates are installed in guides 6 and are held in working position by springs 7. Thus, each block of plates is independent of the other block and is installed with the possibility of rotation about the axis installed in the hinge hole.

In the body of the unit, above the blocks of plates, a roller 8 with a diameter of 40-100 cm is horizontally oriented, mounted with the possibility of rotation. The rotation speed of the roller is 25-40 rpm. The skating rink is a hollow closed cylinder, on the side surface of which there are lugs 10-20 mm high, and axles are fixed on the end sides, by rotation of which the skating rink is driven.

The crescent shape of the plates is chosen in such a way that when they are placed under the rink (under its side surface), the plates are located with a varying gap from the edge of the plate to the surface of the rink, smoothly bending around it. In this case, the gap decreases in the direction of rotation of the roller from the maximum (providing the possibility of capturing lumps for destruction) to the minimum (providing the possibility of abrasion of lumps to the required sizes of aggregates) with a subsequent increase in the gap, which makes it possible to get rid of non-abrasive inclusions (for example, stones). The smallest gap of 5-15 mm is located under the bottom of the roller.

The possibility of rotation of the roller can be implemented, for example, as follows.

The roller axles are mounted in support bearings. Bearing seats are formed in the connecting flanges of the unit body. Sprockets 16 of the chain drive are mounted on the ends of the axles. The drive mechanism consists of a gearbox 12, which is connected by gears to the drive shaft 13. Sprockets 14 are mounted on the ends of the shaft, connected by a chain drive 15 to the sprockets of the roller.

The proposed unit works as follows.

The device is preferably installed on a flat surface, firmly fixing the support frame to eliminate the possibility of strong vibration. The unit is put into operation by supplying power to the electric drive, which rotates the gear of the drive gearbox and, accordingly, drives the roller.

When loading the unit, the rock slides along the inclined planes of the upper part of the body into the working area of the rotating roller. The roller with lugs advances the rock onto the ribs of vertically oriented plates, into the gap between the plates and the side surface of the rotating roller. Here, the roller compacts the rock, destroying lumpy fractions, and pushes them between the planes of the plates. The rock that has passed through the gap between the roller and the plates is crushed and poured down. In the event that stones get into the rock, the lugs will move them along with the rock onto the plates. The stones, while maintaining their dimensions, in the narrowing space between the surface of the rink and the ribs of the plates, press on the plates, which stretch the springs holding them. The tip of each block of plates moves along the guide, stretching the springs, and the stone, passing between the adjacent tips, falls out, and the tip and plates return to their original position by compressing the springs. As a result, the aggregate does not jam, and the stones, rolling further along the edges of the plates, are carried out of the aggregate. At the same time, due to the use of independent blocks of plates equipped with independent springs, if it is necessary to remove the stone, the spring of only one block is pressed, leaving the gap between the surface of the rink and the ribs of the plates of other blocks unchanged, which eliminates the unloading of unground rock when a stone hits.

Example of a specific implementation

To test the performance of the proposed design at the Department of Erosion and Soil Protection, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, a model of a unit was made that processes lumpy rock into small fractions. The body of the unit with a working part 1.5 m wide consisted of the upper and lower parts. In the upper - loading part, the front and rear walls had an equal angle of inclination to the vertical axis - 60°. The unloading window of the lower part of the body is closed by thirty blocks of vertically oriented plates. Each block consisted of four plates 3 mm thick, fixed with the front ends on the hinges, and with the rear ends in the tips. The distance between the plates in one block was 10 mm. The hinges are pivotally connected to the support frame brackets. The tips are inserted into the guides and held in them by springs. The components of the body of the unit were mated with connecting flanges. A roller with a diameter of 40 cm rotated at a speed of 40 revolutions per minute. Grousers 10 mm high were installed on the surface of the rink. The roller was rotated by sprockets connected to the drive mechanism by a chain drive. The drive mechanism included an electric motor, a gearbox, longitudinal and transverse shafts connected by bevel gears, and sprockets sitting on the ends of the transverse shaft. When loading the unit, the rock slid along the inclined planes of the upper part of the body into the working area of the roller, which compacted, rubbed and pressed it between the plates. When stones hit, the plates, overcoming the force of the springs holding them, passed the stones forward in the direction of rotation of the rink. After passing the stones, the springs along the guides returned the plate blocks to their working position.

Claims (2)

1. A device for crushing lumpy rock, including a loading hopper mounted on a support frame, in the lower part of which a cylindrical roller with grouser is placed with the possibility of rotation, under which a grinding means is movably fixed, held by a spring, characterized in that the grinding means is a set of independently installed blocks plates, each of which includes several vertically oriented sickle-shaped plates arranged in parallel with a gap from each other, installed with a varying gap from the side surface of the roller to the edge of the plate, connected from one end by a hinge fixed to the axis with the possibility of rotation around it, and from the other ends connected by a tip held by a spring, while the axle and spring are fixed to the support frame. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the plates in each block is 5-10 mm.

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